Malocclusion

The management of the interim phase of a complete oral rehabilitation in patients with severely worn dentition is often challenging due to loss of occlusal vertical dimension, loss of tooth structure, uneven wear of teeth creating an uneven plane of occlusion, and para-functional habits. This paper will demonstrate how a clear thermo-forming matrix fabricated from the diagnostic wax-up can be used as a guide to facilitate treatment.

Dental disease is considered as one of the, if not, the most common disorders seen in pet rabbits. This article provides a review of the scientific literature and an overview of the peculiarities of calcium homeostasis in the rabbit in an attempt to draw together current thinking on the cause of dental disease. A complete understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of rabbit dental disease is necessary for the veterinary practitioner to establish a proper therapeutic plan, prognosis and ultimately prevention of this common cause of morbidity and mortality in pet rabbits.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different types of malocclusion and the impact on quality of life among preschoolers and their families. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 451 children 3-5 years of age. A clinical exam was performed to evaluate the malocclusions according to criteria proposed by Foster and Hamilton. This examination was conducted by a calibrated dentist. Parents/caregivers answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) for the assessment of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and the questionnaire on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square, Mann-Whitney and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression. The prevalence of malocclusion was 28.4%. The most frequent conditions were posterior crossbite (20.4%), anterior open bite (9.5%) and increased overjet (8.4%). A significant association was found between anterior open bite and OHRQoL (p...

Aim To assess the emotional effects of malocclusion among Nigerian orthodontic patients. Design A questionnaire survey. Subjects and Methods A questionnaire was completed by 221 Nigerian orthodontic patients undergoing routine orthodontic care at the Orthodontic Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan and the Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, both in South-West Nigeria. The participants were comprised of 97 (43%) males and 124 (56.1%) females with age range of 6-40 years (mean age, 13.82 ± 8.01 SD). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results About 44% of all participants had not yet accepted their malocclusions, while 56.6% of all subjects reported for orthodontic care due to aesthetic reasons. Twenty-seven percent of the subjects were depressed the first time they notice their malocclusions. Over 40% of the participants reported feeling less confident as a result of t...

Objective: This paper focuses on evaluating the frequency and distribution of dental malocclusion and its association with age, sex, and school of origin. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 399 schoolchildren between eight and eleven years old, and they were examined with the prior authorization of their parents. The examiner's calibration was performed to minimize intra-examiner variability. A kappa coefficient of 0.997 was observed for the assessment of the type of occlusion according to the criteria of Angle, Dewey and Anderson, which is a value that reflects a high degree of reliability. Results: 75.7% presented some type of dental malocclusion, showing no association with age, sex, or school of origin. Class I according to Dewey-Anderson types 1 and 2 were mostly present. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was observed that the educational level on dental malocclusion is a more decisive factor compared to the purchasing power of children...

Long-term psychosocial effects of malocclusion should be studied longitudinally from childhood to adulthood in orthodontically untreated populations. In 1965-66, the occurrence of morphologic traits of malocclusion was recorded in 977 Danish adolescents who had no access to organized orthodontic care. In a follow-up study 15 years later, a questionnaire was mailed to the subjects; this contained general questions about body image and specific inquiries concerning self-perception and social implications of dental appearance. The response rate was 86%. Ten percent had received orthodontic treatment. In the remaining individuals, only one entry among thirteen items of body image--the teeth--was rated significantly less satisfactory by subjects with malocclusion at adolescence than by subjects without malocclusion at adolescence. The lowest ratings were observed in subjects with extreme maxillary overjet, extreme deep bite, and crowding. Highly significant differences were found between...

This study aims to estimate orthodontic treatment need among 15-24 year-old individuals in Montevideo, Uruguay, and the association of occlusal traits with demographic, clinical and socioeconomic factors, considering a life course approach. A cross-sectional study using data from the First National Oral Health Survey in Uruguay was conducted. A two-stage cluster procedure was used to select a sample of 278 individuals in Montevideo. Household interviews and oral examinations were performed by six dentists. Dental Aesthetic (DAI) and Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth Indices (DMFT) were used to assess orthodontic treatment need and dental caries, respectively. Early life and current socioeconomic factors were obtained from the interview. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the DAI index. Prevalence of definite malocclusion was 20.6%, followed by severe (8.2%) and very severe (7.6%). In the adjusted analysis, individuals with untreated dental caries (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03-1....

A vertical analysis involving ten linear measurements was developed to localize skeletal and dentoalveolar dysplasias. The measurements are of biologic relevance, reflecting the amount of growth harmony or disharmony to the examination and record-taking time. The vertical dimensional analysis uses the age- and sex-related University of Michigan mean values for comparative data for each measurement. Ratios were computed for a five-unit proportional analysis. Both analyses were applied to assess the vertical problems of three female patients. The analyses detected specific areas of dysplasia for each patient.

Introduction: Palatal rugae is a collection of mucosal folds in front of the palatal and is unique to each individual. Rugae have been studied for various purposes. This research investigates the pattern of palatal rugae with different skeletal relationships in the sagittal dimension in a group of the Iranian population.
Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was examined on 135 pre-orthodontic dental casts. The patients were grouped as Class I, Class II, and Class III according to the Nasion -A to Nasion -B angle (ANB) 45 patients in each group. Palatal rugae were recorded based on length, orientation, and pattern in each group, then compared. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test. In this study p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean number of total rugae was significantly different among groups (p value=0.02). Cl III malocclusion had less number of rugae in comparison to other groups (p value=0.03). The number of straight pattern was significantly different between groups, (p value=0.04) and Cl I malocclusion had  more straight pattern than other groups .
Conclusion:This study showed some differences in the palatal rugae pattern between different classes of malocclusion according to Angle’s classificatin. In addition, orientation of some rugae were also found to be significantly different between malocclusion  groups.

Familial dysautonomia is an inherited autosomal recessive disease found almost exclusively in Ashkenazi Jews. It is characterized by selective damage to the sensory, motor, and autonomic peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features include decreased pain sensation, impaired temperature and blood pressure regulation, lack of tearing, absent tendon reflexes, and fungiform papillae on the tongue. The purpose of this study was to explore in depth and to verify the oral and dental status in familial dysautonomia. Twenty-two patients and 44 match-paired healthy persons of Ashkenazi descent were examined. Patients and parents had only little concern for their oral condition. Caries prevalence was lower than normal and plaque accumulation increased in all patients. Dental trauma was found in 59% of the patients, and 32% showed orodental self-mutilation. Dental age was within normal range, and dental arch measurements implied proportionally small jaws and little crowding. The low ca...

  To determine whether trumpet performance skills are associated with malocclusion.   Following institutional review board approval, 70 university trumpet students (54 male, 16 female; aged 20-38.9 years) were consented. After completing a survey, the students were evaluated while playing a scripted performance skills test (flexibility, articulation, range, and endurance exercises) on their instrument in a soundproof music practice room. One investigator (trumpet teacher) used a computerized metronome and a decibel meter during evaluation. A three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computerized tomography scan (CBCT) was taken of each student the same day as the skills test. Following reliability studies, multiple dental parameters were measured on the 3D CBCT. Nonparametric correlations (Spearman), accepting P &lt; .05 as significant, were used to determine if there were significant associations between dental parameters and the performance skills.   Intrarater reliability was excellent (i...

The masticatory system is widely adaptable and tolerant especially in young people ; this characteristic can be helpful but it can also incur risks because there are limits to everything. Guided solely by the insubstantial support provided by data derived from evidence-based medicine, a researcher would have to be both excessively clever and unusually cunning to define the borderline between physiological and pathological occlusion. Accordingly, the optimization of masticatory function through the intermediary of efficient occlusal interaction of upper and lower teeth remains a fundamental common sense objective of all dental treatment. This common sense is based on the fundamental principles of simplicity and of ergonomy that govern all biological &quot;mechanisms &quot;. By respecting the principles of &quot;centering, stabilization, and guidance&quot;, dentists will adhere to a simple but precise manual for preserving or creating, if need be, the good occlusal relationships that ...

Few studies have focused on the impact of malocclusion on lip - tooth relationships during smiling and speech. To evaluate the impact of different malocclusions on lip - tooth relationships during smiling and speech, using video images. One hundred and three subjects with Class I (N = 31), Class II division 1 (N = 26), Class II division 2 (N = 16) and Class III malocclusions (N = 30) were asked to repeat the same sentence and then smile in front of a video camera. Nine frames were extracted from each subject&#39;s video clip: at rest, posed smile, unposed smile and during the pronunciation of the sounds: &#39;che&#39;, &#39;fa&#39;, &#39;se&#39;, &#39;chee&#39;, &#39;tee&#39; and &#39;mee&#39;. On each frame, up to 10 parameters describing the lip - tooth relationships were measured. In all frames, there were no statistically significant differences in the upper central incisor display ratios among the malocclusion groups (p &gt; 0.05). The buccal corridor ratio in the posed and unp...

Occlusal indices have been introduced and used to rank or categorize the occlusion. According to Dr. William Shaw and colleagues (1995), there are five types of occlusal indices, diagnostic, epidemiologic, orthodontic treatment need, orthodontic treatment outcome, and treatment complexity indices. Orthodontic treatment need indices are used to rank the malocclusion. They were devised to minimize the subjectivity associated with the diagnosis, referral and complexity assessment of malocclusion. Some are also multifunctional and used to assess the outcome of orthodontic treatment. The overall aim of the present article is to provide an overview on four commonly used American and European orthodontic treatment need indices, review their modifications, advantages, and limitations. These indices are the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the Handicapping Labio-Lingual Deviation index (HLD), and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON).Gli indici occlusali sono stati introdotti ed utilizzati per assegnare un punteggio o classificare l’occlusione. Secondo il Dottor William Shaw e colleghi (1995) esistono 5 diverse tipologie di indici occlusali: diagnostici, epidemiologici, di necessità di trattamento ortodontico, di esito del trattamento ortodontico e relativi alla complessità del trattamento. Gli indici relativi alla necessità di trattamento ortodontico sono stati concepiti per ridurre al minimo la soggettività associata alla diagnosi, all’invio allo specialista e alla valutazione della complessità della malocclusione. Alcuni indici sono multifunzionali e vengono utilizzati per valutare l’esito del trattamento ortodontico. Lo scopo del presente contributo è quello di fornire una rassegna dei quattro indici relativi alla necessità di trattamento comunemente adottati in Europa e negli Stati Uniti, presentandone le modifiche, i vantaggi e i limiti. Verranno discussi i seguenti indici: Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN - indice di necessità di trattamento), Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI – indice dell’estetica dentale), Handicapping Labio-Lingual Deviation Index (HLD – indice di deviazione labio-linguale invalidante) e Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON - indice di complessità, esito e necessità). Les indices occlusaux ont été mis au point et appliqués dans le but de classifier et de catégoriser l’occlusion. Selon l’opinion du Docteur William Shaw et collègues (1995), il y a cinq types d’indices, à savoir: indice diagnostique, indice épidémiologique, indice de nécessité de traitement ortho ontique, indice de résultats de traitement, indice de complexité de traitement. Les indices de nécessité de traitement sont employés pour classifier la malocclusion. Ils ont été identifiés pour réduire au minimum la subjectivité associé au diagnostic, au fait d’envoyer le patient chez le spécialiste et à l’évaluation de la complexité de la malocclusion. D’aucuns sont multifonctionnels et utilisés pour évaluer les résultats du traitement ortho ontique. L’objectif général de la présente étude est fournir un aperçu sur les quatre indices de nécessité de traitement ortho ontique, d’habitude utilisés en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, et ensuite mettre en exergue les modifications, les avantages et les limites respectifs. Ces indices sont les suivants: indice de nécessité de traitement orthondontique (IOTN); Indice d’esthétique dentaire (IED); indice HLD (Handicapping Labio-Lingual Deviation); et indice de Complexité, de Résultats et de Besoin (ICON). Los indices oclusales fueron introducidos y utilizados para clasificar y categorizar la oclusión. Según el doctor William Shaw y colegas (1995), existen cinco tipos de indices oclusales, como a renglón seguido se indica: de diagnóstico, epidemiológicos, de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico, de resultados de tratamiento ortodóntico y de complejidad de tratamiento. Los indices de necesidad se utilizan para clasificar la mala oclusión. Fueron identificados para reducir al mínimo la subjetividad asociada con el diagnóstico, el hecho de mandar al paciente donde el especialista, la evaluación de complejidad de la mala oclusión. Algunos son ultifuncionales y utilizados para valorar los resultados del tratamiento ortodóncico. El objectivo general de la presente investigación es brindar una visión de conjunto sobre cuatro indices de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico, comúnmente utilizados tanto en Europa como en Estados Unidos, y revisar sus modificaciones, ventajas y límites. Estos índices son los siguientes: índice de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico (IOTN), indice de estética dental (DAI), Indice de desviación labio-lingual invalidante (HLD),e indice de Complejidad, Resultados y Necesidad (ICON).