Labour Conflicts

In 2008, digitisation and the resulting options for global research prompted the International Institute of Social History (IISH) to launch the ‘Collaboratories in Social and Economic History’. One of these was the Labour Conflicts Collaboratory. This publication contains paper on digitization of historical data on labour conflicts and analysis of that data related to Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Ghana, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands and Canada.

В данной работе делается попытка показать, с помощью методов математического моделирования, при каких условиях процессы самоорганизации в рабочей среде могут приводить к взрывному характеру конфликтов, к нелинейным эффектам в их развитии в силу действия внутренних факторов. Первый раздел статьи включает краткое рассмотрение роли внешних и внутренних факторов в развитии волн стачечной динамики. Во  втором разделе предлагается нелинейная модель стачечной динамики, проводится ее анализ; в частности, выявляются условия, в которых эта динамика может иметь неустойчивый, хаотический характер, когда малые (возможно, случайные) воздействия приводят к резким изменениям стачечной активности. Именно такие процессы изучает синергетика.
      In this paper an attempt is made to show by means of mathematical modeling, the conditions under which self-organization processes in the working environment can lead to explosive nature of the conflict, to nonlinear effects in their development by virtue of endogeneous and exogeneous factors. The first section of the article includes a brief review of the role of external and internal factors in the development of the strike wave dynamics. The second section provides a non-linear model of the strike dynamics and its analysis; in particular, identifies the conditions under which these dynamics can be unstable or chaotic, when small (possibly random) effects lead to rapid changes in strike activity. It is these processes synergetics studies.

Remuneration is key to any economic sustenance both to the governments and individuals thus a means to economic growth and development for a state. This study seeks to contribute to the many ongoing debates on remuneration policies and inequalities resulting from such and make recommendations for mitigations realizing their link to labour wars. When world leaders adopted the Millennium Declaration in 2000, they pledged to create a more equitable world. Yet in many countries, the ladder of opportunity has become much harder to climb. Recognizing that there exists in Kenya huge disparities in the remuneration of public workers since independence; this has led to frequent industrial wars between the workers' unions and the government. Even though the highest paid worker and the lowest paid worker need to portray some equity in public service if the economy has to experience a robust growth and development. This has become hard to achieve in Kenya as in many economies of developing world. This study sought to; 1. Find out the origins of inequalities in public service remunerations' in Kenya, 2. Assess the effectiveness of public service remunerations' policy in Kenya, and 3. Examine the relationship between public service remunerations' policy and inequalities and labour wars in Kenya. In actualizing the article, the authors used extensively written work by other scholars while relying on relevant international and Kenya's policy instruments. In the final analysis, the paper finds that there is necessity for quality interventions unlike what has been witnessed in the Public service compensation in Kenya.

This publication charts women´s experience as workers in Catalonia throughout the twentieth century. Drawing on original sources and current research, it reappraises the better known history of women as industrial workers and their protests, while highlighting the emergence of new professions from 1910 on such as office workers, librarians and civil servants. It addresses the limits to the professional status of women by official institutions and also provides insight on the significant role of women of the Catalan Bourgeoisie in the promotion of new female professions. A chapter on the Second Republic and the Civil War focuses on the development of labor reforms and equal rights for female workers and the significance of changes in women´s role in production under the circumstances of revolution and war. The chapter on the Franco dictatorship draws attention to the contradiction between the rhetoric of the regime on women´s confinement to the home and the logics of business that allowed for the presence of women in the work force, particularly in textile factories. The final chapters explore the impact of the Transition to democracy on women in the labor market and contributes new insights to the protests and strikes by female workers against discrimination in 1970s and 1980s even in such a male dominated factory such as the car manufacturer SEAT.

In 2008, digitisation and the resulting options for global research prompted the International Institute of Social History (IISH) to launch the ‘Collaboratories in Social and Economic History’. One of these was the Labour Conflicts Collaboratory. This publication contains paper on digitization of historical data on labour conflicts and analysis of that data related to Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Ghana, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands and Canada.

Este artículo analiza los conflictos laborales protagonizados por los ar-tesanos españoles durante la Edad Moderna. Frente a la visión que los entiende como parte de las disputas existentes en el seno de la dirección de las reales fábri-cas, el estudio de la conflictividad laboral que tuvo lugar en los talleres urbanos demuestra que aquel surgió por las diferencias entre los trabajadores de oficio y sus patrones, fruto de la introducción de modificaciones en el proceso productivo o del deterioro de las condiciones laborales. Visto desde esta perspectiva, las disputas su-cedidas en las reales fábricas, arsenales o minas, cobran otro sentido, pues muchos de sus operarios eran también artesanos que portaban la experiencia de los conflic-tos vividos en los talleres urbanos.

Книга вносит вклад в изучение темы, в свое время обласканной советской властью, но практически забытой сегодня в отечественной историографии. В ее основе — анализ созданного исследователями и архивистами уникального массового комплексного источника «Рабочее движение в России. 1895 — февраль 1917 гг. Хроника», результаты оценки и использования его информационного потенциала в хронологических рамках 1895-1904 гг. Учтены все формы трудовых конфликтов практических во всех отраслях производств и рабочих профессий. Приведенные погодные статистические данные о стачечном движении по губерниям и областям России во много
раз превосходят показатели известных «Сводов отчетов фабричной инспекции». Математико-статистической обработке в книге подвергнуто более 8 тыс. трудовых конфликтов; впервые представлены более 700 партийных, рабочих и общественных организаций — участников рабочего движения, а также их агитационно-пропагандистская деятельность в десятилетие до
революции 1905 г. Применяя новые методические приемы, авторы книги анализируют механизм развития трудовых конфликтов рабочих с предпринимателями и властью. Предпринята попытка преодоления барьеров в раскрытии связей между микро- и макропроцессами. Материалы глав представляют историю трудовых конфликтов на основе анализа генезиса и динамики разных форм рабочего движения.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с обеспечением должного уровня дисциплины на советских текстильных предприятиях в годы довоенных пятилеток (1928-1940 гг.). При этом для создания более детальной и целостной картины учитываются действия и взгляды на эту проблему различных сторон, вовлеченных в трудовые отношения, включая партийные и правительственные органы, профсоюзные организации, администрацию предприятий и самих рабочих. В статье представлен анализ последствий реализации правительственных постановлений в сфере регулирования трудовой дисциплины; дана характеристика мероприятий, инициированных местными партийными, профсоюзными, хозяйственными органами, а также руководством предприятий, и направленных на поднятие уровня дисциплины; выявлены основные причины дисциплинарных нарушений; проведено сравнение методов борьбы с нарушениями порядка и их эффективности на двух этапах индустриализации – дореволюционном и советском. При этом приоритетное внимание уделено таким дисциплинарным нарушениям как прогулы, поскольку именно они вызывали наибольшую озабоченность и властей, и директоров предприятий. Источниковой базой исследования являются, преимущественно, архивные материалы, сохранившиеся в фондах Государственного архива Российской Федерации и Центрального государственного архива города Москвы.
The paper deals with the issues of labour discipline regulation in the Soviet textile mills in the prewar five-year plans (1928-1940). This paper contains the analysis of 1) the impact of the implementation of government regulations in the sphere of labour discipline; 2) activities initiated by the local party, trade union, economic bodies, as well as the management of the enterprises and aimed at raising of the discipline level; 3) the main reasons for disciplinary violations; 4) methods of struggle against violations and their effectiveness at two stages of Russian industrialization - the pre-revolutionary and Soviet. Priority attention is given to such disciplinary violations as truancies, because they cause the greatest concern of the authorities and directors of enterprises. The study is based mainly on archival materials, preserved in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Archive of Moscow.

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar las dinámicas de negociación colectiva y conflicto laboral durante el período 2003-2015 en Argentina, considerando las tensiones que caracterizaron los procesos de negociación colectiva como modo de institucionalización del conflicto laboral y su impacto en la organización sindical. En particular, mostramos que los procesos de negociación colectiva se vieron signados por la integración del conflicto laboral y la presión de las bases obreras sobre las dirigencias sindicales.

Resumen. Este trabajo indaga acerca de la relación entre los procesos de revitalización sindical y las disputas intersindicales en el sector químico, en el marco de las experiencias de reorganización sindical que tuvieron lugar en Argentina con posterioridad a la crisis del año 2001. En el trabajo analizamos de qué modo las disputas intersindicales impactaron en la estructura sindical sectorial, en la negociación colectiva y en la conflictividad laboral. Los resultados alcanzados resaltan las particularidades que asume la situación de competencia intersindical en el marco del modelo sindical argentino, ofreciendo herramientas para evaluar las tesis acerca de la mayor debilidad de los trabajadores en situaciones de competencia sindical (o su contraria: la ausencia de competencia sindical como fuente de un mayor poder de negociación), y la asociación positiva entre competencia sindical y conflictividad. Palabras clave: Revitalización sindical; Disputas intersindical; Estructura sindical; Negociación colectiva; Conflicto laboral; Industria química; Argentina. [en] Union revitalization and inter-union disputes: an analysis of labor relations in Argentina's chemical industry during the first decades of the 21st century Abstract. This article analyses the relationship between union revitalization processes and inter-union disputes in chemical sector, as part of union renewal that took place in Argentina after the crisis of 2001. We study how inter-union disputes impacted on sectorial trade union structure, collective bargaining, and labour conflict. The results achieved highlight the particularities assumed by a situation of intertrade union competition within the framework of Argentina's trade union model, offering tools to evaluate thesis on the greatest weakness of workers in situations of trade union competition (or their opposite: the absence of trade union competition as the source of greater bargaining power), and the positive link between trade union competition and labour conflict.

Capitalist restructuring have posed serious threats to trade unions worldwide since mid-1970s. De-industrialisation, labour market flexibility, managerial assault on labour process epitomise capital offensive; so does, the virulent anti-union policies embedded in new ...

Since China has established itself as 'the workshop of the world', the disposition of China's labour-capital relations has been attracting wide scholarly attention. Scholars have generally sought to interrogate labour issues from the strong state-weak society perspective. By doing so, the Party-state is typically portrayed as a distinctly authoritarian state continuing to keep a tight rein on governance-related affairs as well as on civil liberties. With the Party-state’s emphasis on economic growth, social injustice in China has long been tolerated. This state of affairs prompted a growing trend of labour unrest, which has led to the CCP legitimacy crisis. By taking into account China’s specific political realities and the CCP’s need to adapt to the new socio-economic realities, the present paper seeks to interrogate the dynamics and interactions between the sources of CCP legitimation and China’s labour politics, focusing primarily on the functioning of the labour dispute resolution mechanism in China, with a special reference to collective labour disputes. The findings of the analysis reveal that the CCP is continually devising new ways of legitimating its authority, thereby substantiating that ‘resilient authoritarianism’, a much contested concept among contemporary China scholars, is not an oxymoron.

Resumen. Este artículo estudia las diferencias del conflicto laboral español en la Edad Moderna atendiendo a dos de sus sistemas de organización manufacturera: las grandes concentraciones industriales (Reales Fábricas, arsenales, minas) y los pequeños talleres artesanos. En este estudio se analizan los protagonistas del conflicto, las causas que llevaron a la protesta, la organización de esta, los diferentes tipos de conflicto y la actitud de los directores de Reales Fábricas y maestros artesanos ante el conflicto suscitado por sus subalternos.

Following the recent interest of bringing capitalism back into social movement studies, this article contributes to the debate with the application of new techniques for examining the dynamics of social class in protest politics. Questioning the declining importance of labour mobilisation in the recent anti-austerity cycles of protest in eastern Europe, I draw on a unique protest event dataset to propose a new way of exploring the relations between social class, repertoires and claim-making. I show that this innovation can bring greater clarity to a systematic analysis of social class politics in the protest arena. The empirical exploration highlights that more than one-third of the protest events in Bulgaria and Slovenia in the aftermath of the financial crisis were driven by specific social class actors. The article suggests that, contrary to individual-level data, social class can be observed through the basic conceptions of workers and independents; and then through site and sector: production; services; and socio-cultural. These typologies help in understanding where mobilisations arise, under what conditions and for what demands.

We cant deny that the charge of Human Resources in the organization has a big influence for reaching up the organization's goals. Since that, the management of human resources should be done properly in order the organization's goals can be reached easily. But in the fact, there are so many problem in the office that can affect the organization's work activity.One of them is called conflict. In this world, human can't avoid conflict. Conflict usually appear in the office area as the result of the lack of communication, the private relation, or the structure of organization. These thing surely has the relation or affect toward the staff's performance. The purpose of this journal is to know how the relationship between the labour conflict and the employee's performance.


ABSTRAK
Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa peran sumber daya manusia dalam suatu organisasi sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan organisasi tersebut dalam mencapai tujuannya. Untuk itu pengelolaan sumber daya manusia harus dilakukan dengan baik agar produktivitas perusahaan meningkat. Namun pada kenyataannya, berbagai masalah di kantor seringkali terjadi dan mempengaruhi aktifitas kerja organisasi. Salah satu contohnya ialah konflik. Dalam kehidupannya, manusia tidak bisa terlepas dari yang namanya konflik ini. Konflik biasanya muncul dalam kerja sebagai hasil atas terjadinya masalah komunikasi, hubungan pribadi atau struktur organisasi. Hal ini tentu saja memiliki hubungan atau pengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan.Tujuan pembuatan jurnal ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan yang terjadi antara konflik kerja dengan kinerja karyawan.

Система трудовых отношений, сформировавшаяся в российской промышленности в период дореволюционной индустриализации, после 1917 г. претерпела серьезные изменения. Однако конфликты в их различных формах, вплоть до самых острых (забастовки), по-прежнему оставались значимым индикатором настроений рабочих, восприятия ими новых явлений в системе стимулирования труда, организации производственной деятельности и быта. Изучение причин конфликтов на промышленных предприятиях в годы нэпа (1922–1928) проводится на основе архивных и опубликованных источников. При этом приоритетное внимание уделяется проблемам взаимоотношений рабочих, с одной стороны, и представителей фабрично–заводской администрации, инженерно-технических работников, с другой. Негативное отношение рабочих к «спецам» и «красным директорам» могло выливаться в серьезные и длительные конфликты, завершавшиеся избиениями и даже убийствами инженеров, мастеров, управляющих. Подобного рода «противостояние» препятствовало стабильной работе предприятий, приводя к простоям оборудования и потерям рабочих в заработной плате.  Использование методов микроанализа позволяет детально исследовать причины  недовольства рабочих и провести сравнение с аналогичными данными, характеризующими конфликты в дореволюционной российской промышленности.

ABSTRACT The professionalization of the Argentine women’s first division in 2019 allows an in-depth analysis of an underdeveloped and historically marginalized women’s football in Latin America. Following Argentina’s participation in the 2018 Women’s Copa América in Chile and the 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup in France, the precarious conditions faced by the female football players were exposed as never before, drawing attention from major national and international news outlets. In those years, the players organized the first strike in a national team history; their actions were accompanied by the regional feminist movement, local organizations, increased media coverage, and new gender-equity policies imposed by the sport’s international governing bodies. Then, the Argentine Football Association’s (AFA) decided to professionalize women’s football in the country. This article hopes to shed light on the struggles and progress of female participants in atraditionally androcentric sport practice and analyse the response from the institutions.

The professionalization of the Argentine women's first division in 2019 allows an in-depth analysis of an underdeveloped and historically marginalized women's football in Latin America. Following Argentina's participation in the 2018 Women's Copa América in Chile and the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, the precarious conditions faced by the female football players were exposed as never before, drawing attention from major national and international news outlets. In those years, the players organized the first strike in a national team history; their actions were accompanied by the regional feminist movement, local organizations, increased media coverage, and new gender-equity policies imposed by the sport's international governing bodies. Then, the Argentine Football Association's (AFA) decided to professionalize women's football in the country. This article hopes to shed light on the struggles and progress of female participants in atraditionally androcentric sport practice and analyse the response from the institutions.

Este artículo estudia la conflictiva instauración y derogación de un sistema de repartición rotativa del trabajo en las faenas de estiba del salitre, denominado “la redondilla”. En el contexto de contratación eventual que prosiguió a la destrucción de los gremios portuarios decimonónicos, este sistema rotativo impuesto por el gobierno y las firmas embarcadoras en los muelles del norte de Chile, hundió sus raíces en la misma exigencia obrera que trató de contener: una persistente propensión de los jornaleros y estibadores por hacerse cargo de la venta de su fuerza de trabajo, quitando de en medio a los agentes que administraban la contratación de los hombres requeridos para tales faenas. El resultado de dicha tensión, culminó en el primer esfuerzo de deseventualización gubernamental en las costas chilenas, entre 1922 y 1923.

This article studies the conflictive implementation and repeal of a work shift distribution system known as “redondilla” in the saltpeter mine operation sites. In the context of temporary employment, which followed the dismantling of nineteenth century port workers’ trade unions, this state and shipping company imposed shift system implemented at northern Chilean ports, rooted itself in the name of labor demands it was intended to contain; a persistent propensity of day laborers and dockworkers directly taking control of the sale of their labor force, effectively removing from the middle those men that administered the hiring. The result of this tension in the end culminated in the first effort of governmental “de-casualization” on the Chilean coasts between 1922 and 1923.

Nel n.44 di “Imprese e storia” il mio articolo Rivendicazioni economiche e istanze politiche negli scioperi dell’Italia postunitaria (1861-1871) esamina alcuni conflitti sociali alle origini dell’Italia contemporanea, attraverso tre casi di studio (Bologna, Napoli e Torino) rappresentativi di “tre Italie”, già all’epoca piuttosto diverse e lontane; esso si sofferma sulle differenti tipologie d’impresa e di lavoratori coinvolti nei primi scioperi che si registrarono subito dopo l’unificazione nazionale, nonché sul ruolo che le pubbliche autorità svolsero nella gestione di tali agitazioni, scoppiate sia per la mancanza di lavoro sia per le politiche fiscali della Destra storica. L’analisi esplora la capacità delle autorità di polizia e della classe politica di elaborare strategie finalizzate non soltanto alla repressione dei tumulti ma anche dirette a indagare le origini del malcontento con un atteggiamento non pregiudizialmente ostile, che in varie occasioni permise di accogliere le istanze degli scioperanti e di sviluppare soluzioni in grado, almeno in teoria, di migliorare la precaria condizione delle classi popolari.

El año 2012 fue testigo de una novedad en el ámbito de la conflictividad sindical argentina: las centrales sindicales argentinas tejieron una “unidad de acción” que implicó la concreción de cinco paros generales entre los años 2012 y 2015. Este artículo analiza el trazado de la “unidad
de acción” entre las centrales sindicales opositoras al gobierno  kirchnerista y las tensiones que se originaron en su desenvolvimiento. El interrogante se asienta en una pregunta más general, orientada a desentrañar los motivos subyacentes a la acción política de las centrales sindicales. La metodología empleada para este estudio involucró la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a dirigentes sindicales de primera línea, el análisis de comunicados y solicitadas sindicales y el relevamiento sistemático de dos diarios de tirada nacional. A modo de conclusión destacamos que el tejido de esa unidad de acción fue eficaz inicialmente en la disputa de recursos de poder económicos, políticos y organizativos. No obstante, su fuerza
resultó socavada por el doble juego entre la arena política y la arena gremial y por las diferencias tácticas y estratégicas entre las partes que se congregaron allí, asentadas sobre históricas discusiones en el plano organizativo.

The professionalization of the Argentine women's first division in 2019 allows an in-depth analysis of an underdeveloped and historically marginalized women's football in Latin America. Following Argentina's participation in the 2018 Women's Copa América in Chile and the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, the precarious conditions faced by the female football players were exposed as never before, drawing attention from major national and international news outlets. In those years, the players organized the first strike in a national team history; their actions were accompanied by the regional feminist movement, local organizations, increased media coverage, and new gender-equity policies imposed by the sport's international governing bodies. Then, the Argentine Football Association's (AFA) decided to professionalize women's football in the country. This article hopes to shed light on the struggles and progress of female participants in atraditiona...