Integral

We study the problem of computing a planar curve, restricted to lie between two given polygonal chains, such that the integral of the square of arc-length derivative of curvature along the curve is minimized. We introduce the minimum variation B-spline problem, which is a linearly constrained optimization problem over curves, defined by B-spline functions only. An empirical investigation indicates that this problem has one unique solution among all uniform quartic B-spline functions. Furthermore, we prove that, for any B-spline function, the convexity properties of the problem are preserved subject to a scaling and translation of the knot sequence defining the B-spline.

The traditional quadcopter control systems should deal with two common problems. Namely, the singularities related to the inverse kinematics and the ambiguity linked to the quaternion representation of the dynamic model. Moreover, the stability problem due to the system nonlinearity and high degree of coupling. This paper provides a solution to the two issues by employing a geometrical integral-backstepping control system. The integral terms were added to improve system ability to track desired trajectories. The high-level control laws are considered as a virtual control and transmitted to the low-level to track the high-level commands. The proposed control system along with the quadcopter dynamic model were expressed in the special Euclidean group SE(3). Finally, the control system robustness against mismatching parameters was studied while tracking various paths.

This lecture deals with the profound influence that yoga can have in the fields of behavioral transformation, upgrading mental strength, management of time, controlling of flow of emotions and reactions and choice of decision. The literal translation of yoga means " integration " or " union " have come to see yoga as the science which aims to harmonize or unite virtually all aspects of life – the physical, mental, social and spiritual. The most direct and abiding way to achieve this is to integrate yoga into sequential dealings of personal or professional relations to self actualization systems. Our ultimate goal is to see yoga as an inherent part of every curriculum all over the world in the 21st century. I believe that such " integration " would result in populations of students, employees, housewives and entrepreneurs who are more empathetic, self confident and mindful of themselves and one another. The anecdotal and empirical evidence is that those incorporate yoga into their curricula, find that the self management is enhanced through reduced level of stress, improved focus and increased attention span, gained enormous patience and become kind and vegetarian. In many parts of the world people have found that integrating yoga into the personal and professional dealings and transactions has had these profound and abiding effects. However, we find ourselves at a point where yoga is not an integral part of a significant number of educational curricula or day to day activities. More to the point, it could not even realistically be seen as part of a serious agenda on educational reform. Our task is therefore a daunting and formidable one. The first step towards this goal is for the educational, business and yogic community to come together in unity of purpose and clarity of voice to put forth value and relevance of scientific adaptation of yoga in the 21st century.

Integral Tak Tentu. Proses untuk menemukan seluruh antiderivative dari sebuah fungsi dinamakan antideferensial atau integral dan dilambangkan dengan ∫. Dibawah ini merupakan beberapa contoh soal integral beserta jawaban yang berhubungan dengan mata kuliah fisika. 1. Diketahui suatu mobil bergerak dengan persamaan kecepatan = , dengan v dalam satuan meter per sekon dan t dalam satuan sekon. Tentukan perpindahan mobil setelah menempuh waktu t=3 sekon! (soal buatan sendiri) Jawab: = m/s Persamaan perpindahan dapat dicari dengan mengintegralkan persamaan kecepatan. =∫ =∫ = = 27 + 18-15 = 30 Jadi, perpindahan mobil setelah menempuh waktu t=3 sekon adalah 30 meter. 2. Percepatan suatu benda dilukiskan dengan suatu persamaan m/. Benda tersebut bergerak dengan kecepatan awal 3 m/s dan bergerak ke arah kanan. Berapakah kecepatan benda tersebut setelah 2 sekon? (soal buatan sendiri) Jawab: m/ Pertama-tama harus dicari persamaan yaitu: = ∫ = ∫ = = Setelah itu substitusikan t=2, maka: = = = = 21 Jadi, kecepatan benda setelah 2 sekon adalah 21 m/s.

El  diseño  Volumen  de  oleoductos  ortogonales  pretende  evidenciar  cómo  el  cálculo  integral  es  de  gran  utilidad  en  las  ingenierías,  destacando la posibilidad de encontrar el volumen de determinados objetos (Iglesias, Alonso, & Gorina, 2017); en este caso, se trata del volumen  común  de  dos  cilindros  del  mismo  radio  que  se  cortan  ortogonalmente,  problema  de  suma  importancia  por  su  incidencia  en  los  costos  operacionales.  Entre  los  materiales  y  recursos  para  la  elaboración  del  diseño  se  encuentran  tubos  de  papel  higiénico,  Colbón,  silicona,  tijeras,  cartón  cartulina,  regla,  cinta  métrica,  GeoGebra,  entre  otros.  Este  permite  presentar  el  problema  de  volumen utilizando tanto el método teórico, con ayuda de la integral definida, como el método práctico con base en el software Geogebra de Geometría Dinámica (Villagrán, Cruz, Barahona-Avecilla , Barrera-Cárdenas, & Insuasti-Castelo, 2018)

Integral Meditation is an elegant contemplative method which can be used to get in touch with the primary structures and states of consciousness and bring in greater mindfulness into your life. It can be integrated with your daily activities so that you would have frequent flow states and profound stillness, especially in the situations of communication.

[Workshop description for the European Transpersonal Association (EUROTAS-2018) conference, St. Petersburg, Russia, September 19–23, 2018; updated in 2022]

Integral merupakan bentuk pada operasi matematika yang menjadi kebalikan atau disebut invers dari operasi turunan dan limit dari jumlah ataupun suatu luas daerah tertentu. Berdasarkan pengertian otu ada dua hal yang dilakukan dalam integral hingga dikategorikan menjadi 2 jenis integral. Yaitu, integral sebagai invers/ kebalikan dari turunan disebut juga sebagai Integral Tak Tentu. Kedua, integral sebagai limit dari jumlah ataupun suatu luas daerah tertentu yang disebut integral tentu.

As we face the myriad of ecological crises before us, the very fate of our species comes into question. Will humanity survive the impending environmental and political cataclysms? Will our species live to see the emergence of a new human civilization? Will we find the strength and clarity to forge a new human mode of being, one in creative harmony with the planet and universe? Or will we continue on the path we are currently headed, towards the destruction of human civilization and much of the life on earth? It is widely discussed amongst diverse philosophical circles that our species is in desperate need of a rapid and dramatic transformation. Some scholars and activists suggest that the emergence of a new political and economic system may solve most or all of our major problems. Others believe that the major issues of the world will somehow work themselves out, with the aid of more and more advanced technologies, and that technological progress will be the key to our salvation. In my own view, I feel that each of these positions must be thoughtfully explored. For us to create new social and economic systems requires the participation of human technologies, for sure. But it can be argued that our present industrial mode of technology – in and of itself – is far too predatory, destructive, and ecologically oppressive for it to bring about the changes we need.
For us to transcend the current techno-economic worldview, and to move into a new cosmology that positions the human within a greater evolutionary context, it is clear to many of us in the New Cosmology movement that we cannot simply adopt new technologies, or make simple adjustments to the current systems we live in. Instead, I believe, we need to introduce an entirely new way of being in the world: a new cosmo-ontological worldview that transforms nearly every aspect of human existence, from our fundamental sense of self, to our various modes of being and technological expression. This new worldview, that I have termed Cosmohumanism, may just be a vehicle through which such a transformation may occur.
In this essay, we will explore some of the fundamental patterns and principles behind a new techno-cosmological view of reality. Drawing upon insights from a diverse field of thinkers, and proposing some original ideas of my own, we will examine some of the core questions of cosmology and technology in the hopes of creating a new lens through which to view the evolution of the human species, and the greater evolution of the planet and cosmos as well.

"The concept of improvisation has become increasingly popular in the discourse of organizational theory. This paper explores the several aspects of improvisation, in the context of musical, organizational, and everyday activities, in order to address some of the philosophical issues relevant to this emerging interest. It addresses, for instance, the way the term improvisation has fallen into disrepute, referring to something that is, ultimately, a pale and messy copy of the ‘correct’ way. It argues that in western music, this can be traced to the modernist valorization of the order provided by a written musical score, perfectly representing the composer’s wishes, and the concomitant devalorization of the spontaneity and creativity of musicians who, before approximately 1800, improvised a substantial amount of their performances. Connections are made between the modernist concept of organization and postmodern or complexity-based approaches that stress creativity as an emergent property of the relationship between order and disorder. It concludes by suggesting that the study of improvisation demands a profound immersion into (inter-)subjectivity, emotions, time, aesthetics, performance, and social creativity, none of which have traditionally been the focus of organization and management studies, or the social sciences in general."

Abstract: This article presents theory and research on the scientific study of emotion that emphasizes the importance of coherence as an optimal psychophysiological state. A dynamic systems view of the interrelations between psychological, cognitive and emotional systems and neural ...

The distribution of the sum of independent identically distributed uniform random variables is well-known. However, it is sometimes necessary to analyze data which have been drawn from different uniform distributions. By inverting the characteristic function, we derive explicit formulae for the distribution of the sum of n non-identically distributed uniform random variables in both the continuous and the discrete case. The results, though involved, have a certain elegance. As examples, we derive from our general formulae some special cases which have appeared in the literature.

How is it that the very substance of life itself, the soil, the mud, the dust, the soot, the debris, the Earth, became the primary metaphor assigned to anarchists? We need not reject this charge. Instead, let us embrace the metaphor that aligns us to our loving Earth.

Resumo: A Teologia da Missão Integral é fruto da fé evangélica em sua expressão latino-americana e da busca pela independência e da identidade da Igreja evangélica latino-americana. Ela é pensamento da fé localizado em um contexto específico, marcado pelo problema histórico da dominação e da dependência e, ao mesmo tempo, pela preocupação da fé evangelizadora. A busca da TMI é pela liberdade, reconhecida teologicamente como dom de Deus à sua criação. A contextualização e a integralidade são os conceitos fundamentais que perpassam todo o seu procedimento metodológico, inclusive como mediadores do conteúdo próprio da palavra de Deus no contexto bíblico. Esta é a preocupação desse artigo: propor o desafio do estudo da metodologia da TMI e fazer apontamentos sobre a temática da contextualização em relação à ela. Introdução O evangelicalismo chegou a América Latina e foi acolhido por ela, tornando-se a vertente cristã protestante que mais cresce em seu meio. As teologias que normalmente são expressas por esse movimento na América Latina são diversas e provenientes quase sempre da América do Norte e Europa. Porém, podemos afirmar com segurança que há também uma forma de teologia latino-americana evangélica, que é conhecida como a Teologia da Missão Integral ou TMI. Ela tem sido forjada, entre outras situações, pela busca da in-dependência da América Latina, das diversas formas de dominação que empobrecem, em vários aspectos, o povo latino-americano. A luta contra a dependência, na sua forma econômica, política, cultural e eclesial é comum à Teologia Latino-americana como um todo. As duas vertentes localizadas nesta nova forma de teologia são a Teologia da Libertação e a Teologia da Missão Integral. Elas surgiram desta mesma preocupação, que compartilham com nuances diferenciadas devido às tradições cristãs que representam e os elementos específicos do contexto sócio-histórico e cultural que as originaram. A necessidade do método teológico da TMI Não há na literatura da Teologia da Missão Integral um tratamento sistemático do método que ela utiliza. Há, por outro lado, produções diversas sobre o assunto que lançam pistas para esta possível sistematização.

Ken Wilber is at times deemed to be one of the most prominent and intellectual integral thinkers of our time. His so-called ‘Integral Theory’ shows up with no minor claims: it alleges to have succeeded in integrating most of the insights elaborated by contemporary natural sciences such as biology and physics, together with those of the social sciences and humanities, especially with the deep truths found in religion as well as in philosophy from the ancient Greeks until today.

Wilber started developing his theory in the late 1970s. From then on he revised and elaborated it, publishing it in more than 20 books. He himself distinguishes between five different phases, between which major shifts and enhancements concerning his theory took place. Today, he presents his theory as a framework that claims to provide no less than a place for everything that exists, including the various scientific disciplines and approaches. The theory seems to provide a proper place for everything. That place is defined first of all by its level of development and its specific perspective, from which it perceives and describes the world. This makes Wilber praise his theory as a downright ‘theory of everything’, being able to provide the long needed integration of the manifold and fragmented bodies of knowledge in our post-modern world. From his holistic theory Wilber derives prac­tical suggestions for a more integral life, an integral practice which consists of meditation, physical exercises and social commitment.

In this article the author examines in particular the method that Wilber applies in making up his theory. The main focus lays on the question how it realises the integration, that became the core concept and main label under which his theory is traded today.

Drawing from situations in business, art, leadership education, and home life, this essay experiments with diverse ways to communicate the experience of triple-loop awareness. Contrasting it with single- and double-loop feedback in a person's awareness, the triple-loop supposedly affords the capacity to be fully present and exercise re- visioning, frame-changing timely leadership. The essay presents an encompassing theory of time and of its relationship with our own capacity for awareness. The experiment concludes with the reminder to readers that a first reading is like walking around the base of a mountain. The authors invite readers to try out one of the uphill paths of being with these experiments with a different kind of attention.