IGP

Lors d’une demande d’Indication géographique protégée (IGP) pour les produits agricoles et alimentaires, une aire géographique de protection est à définir; mais quels sont les critères à considérer pour l'établissement de cette délimitation? À partir de spécialités comme la crème et le beurre de Bresse, la pomme du Pilat et les salaisons de l’Ardèche, les auteurs proposent une méthodologie qui intègre tout d’abord les différentes approches : historique, culturelle, sociale, technique, économique, environnementale. Ensuite, à partir de la définition de l'IGP édictée par le règlement européen (CEE 2081/92), les auteurs mettent en avant l’origine des matières premières, les facteurs écologiques, les savoir-faire locaux, la réalité économique actuelle et historique, et l’existence d’un zonage préalable. Enfin, une combinaison pondérée de ces critères permet d’aboutir à une proposition finale de zonage. in Ingénieries n°28, décembre 2001

Le 3 mai 2017, dans les locaux de Tourisme Montérégie, avait lieu le lancement du livre La transformation du cidre au Québec : Perspective écosystémique, en présence des directeurs et des collaborateurs de l'ouvrage, de M. Marc-Antoine Lasnier, président de l'association des Producteurs de cidre du Québec (PCQ), de Mme Josée Julien, directrice générale de Tourisme Montérégie, et de cidriculteurs. Le lancement a également réuni plusieurs chercheurs et lecteurs désireux de mieux connaître l'univers du cidre au Québec, alors que se déroule la première édition de la Semaine du cidre dans la province. « Nous sommes très fiers d'avoir collaboré à la publication de cet ouvrage et nous remercions chacun des auteurs qui ont permis de présenter et documenter toutes les facettes de notre industrie en pleine effervescence. » Marc-Antoine Lasnier, président des PCQ À propos du livre L'industrie du cidre a connu, au cours des dix dernières années, en Europe, aux États-Unis, en Australie et au Canada, une forte croissance. Avec les développements récents, mais surtout sans précédent, du portefeuille de produits, des marchés de consommation et des reconnaissances marchandes, institutionnelles et internationales pour ses cidres, la filière cidricole québécoise n'est pas en reste.

Diğer Yazar(lar) Anahtar Kelimeler Yönlendirme, Protokoller, Router, IGP, RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP Özet Yönlendirme iki temel faaliyeti içerir: uygun yönlendirme yollarının belirlenmesi ve bilgilerin ağlar ile ulaştırılması(özellikle paketler içeren) ağlar yardımı ile paket taşımacılığı nispeten yalındır. Öte yandan yol saptanması çok karmaşık olabilir. Günümüzün ağlarında yolu belirleme görevi olarak söylenen birkaç protokol vardır. Bugünün ağ yönlendirme protokolü 2 ye ayrılabilmektedir: Dahili ağ geçidi protokolü ve Dahili olmayan ağ geçidi protokolü... IGP, RIP, OSPF ve IS-IS genel olarak endüstriyel standartlara uygun olarak kullanılan bağımsız ağlar ile ağ geçitleri arasında bilgi alışverişini yapan bir protokoldür. BGP (Dahili olmayan ağ geçidi protokolü) bağımsız sistemlerin ağında ev sahipliği yapan iki komsu ağ geçidi arasında bilgi alışverişi yapan bir protokoldür. Sadece güncel EGP ,BGP dir (sınır ağ geçidi protokolü). Başlıklar Ağ Teknolojileri ve Güvenliği

Les produits de terroir sont des produits très appréciés par les consommateurs à l'ère actuelle. En plus de leur caractère naturel, ces produits incarnent culture, identité et savoir-faire des populations locales, bien sûr s'ils sont authentiques et originaux. Les consommateurs ont tendance à consommer ces produits dont la qualité et l'origine sont certifiés. Le présent travail étudie le cas de l'huile d'argan labellisée « IGP Argane ». Nous cherchons à mesurer l'effet de la connaissance du label de qualité et de l'origine sur la qualité perçue par le consommateur au Maroc. Ce travail a fait l'objet d'une étude quantitative confirmatoire auprès de 1018 consommateurs de l'huile d'argan certifiée « IGP Argane » au Maroc. Les résultats obtenus infirment la contribution de la connaissance subjective du label dans le processus d'influence de la qualité perçue par les consommateurs. Cette analyse explicative a été réalisée grâce à la modélisation par les équations structurelles avec la méthode LISREL sous le logiciel AMOS 23.

How do the (diverse) geographical indications function? And how should they function? These two questions, the first descriptive and the second normative, are the focus of this paper. Our aim is to foster a public debate on issues that, though often considered of interest only for specialists, have larger consequences in terms of public good. As such, those issues should be of general concern. After the introduction, in section 2 we examine the descriptive question and analyze how geographical indications function today. In particular, we discuss the philosophical and conceptual foundations of those indications. In section 3, we highlight few shortcomings of current geographical indications. In section 4, by introducing an “ecological parameter of production,” we develop the conceptual foundations of a proposal that does not suffer from the same shortcomings. Such a parameter is intended to enhance our understanding of geographical indications by incorporating quantitative limitations on food production. Section 5 considers an objection to our proposal and clarifies how we position our contribution within the discussion of Made in Italy with respect to the promotion of Italian excellence in the agribusiness.

Intra-guild predation (IGP) between sucking predators in relation to eggs of the exotic ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and native Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) was studied in laboratory. The green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera Chrysopidae) and the pirate bug Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Rhynchota Anthocoridae) may share the same niche as the two Coccinellidae species. Intra-guild predation may occur in glasshouses and crops when several predator species are used in integrated releases for the biocontrol of arthropod pests. In experimental arenas, the two sucking predators were individually offered the choice between eggs of the two ladybird species. Adult O. laevigatus reared on frozen Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs were not seen to feed on ladybird eggs, and immediately rejected this kind of food. Conversely, C. carnea larvae attacked the ladybird eggs without showing a preference for either species, although we observed that the A. bipu...

ABSTRACT Engineering design problems are usually formulated as non-linear problems with integer, discrete or continuous variables. This paper presents a new interactive procedure to handle these kinds of problems. This procedure is based on the interactive goal programming model and the concept of satisfaction functions which are used to elucidate and integrate explicitly the decision-maker's preferences. A record-to-record travel (RRT) technique is adapted to solve this new interactive goal programming model. The proposed approach provides a satisfactory solution in the presence of conflicting objectives with a minimum distance from the fixed goals. Two engineering design problems are presented to illustrate the applicability and the performance of the proposed interactive technique.

We propose a model of the mesoscale irregular structure of the refraction coefficient of radiowaves and its dynamics in the real atmosphere at altitudes of up to 20 km. This model was verified according to multiyear continuous measurements. The obtained dynamics of the refraction coefficient shows considerable horizontal, vertical, and temporal variability of the mesoscale irregular structure as well as anisotropy of the horizontal spatial structure of the refraction coefficient, which is determined by the fields of wind speed and the synoptic gradient of atmospheric pressure. Dependences of the disturbance of the optical length of the radio paths on the path length, zenith angle, time of the day, and meteorological conditions are found.

The growing interest expressed by consumers toward food products quality as well as toward their linkage to the territory, has led producers to fit to the continuous rising demand for “typical products”, and to look for new and more efficient production and marketing strategies.
An emblematic case is represented by Tropea red onion that, as a typical product, plays an important role in economical and rural development  of the territory to which it is linked. The organoleptic features offered by “Tropea Red Onion”, PGI certified (Calabria), have to be associated as well to the quality of services that accompanies its processing.
Technology application in post-harvest operations, has certainly
contributed to make faster and less tiring all processing tasks.
The main problem related to the mechanization of Tropea red onion post-harvest operations lies in the removal of the various layers of the external tunic, making it impossible for optical or electronic grader to achieve this task in a satisfactory way since the sensors are not able yet to separate the “bulb” from its involucre. In this context, the current study aims to assess the productivity of three different machines used for round Tropea red onion grading, and determine their work efficiency. The carried out analysis highlighted the ability of the studied machines to ensure a high work capacity, while maintaining a high level of precision during calibration process. Such precision allows to decrease laborer employment and increase processing chain speed, rising as well the annual use of the machines, allowing consequently processing cost savings. For a more profitable employment of such graders, it is, however, necessary from one hand, to properly form the technicians responsible of processing plants management, and from the other hand, to be able to take advantage of a technical assistance network, able to serve users in a short time.