Health experiences

Dans l’espace politique de la santé mentale, la bureaucratie sanitaire ne cesse de faire l’objet de critique de la part des psychiatres. Or, les recherches se focalisent plus volontiers sur un exotisme de l’intérieur : le travail psychiatrique et l’expérience des patients. C’est ainsi que l’administration, qui est pourtant une sphère d’action concrète, est rendue plus abstraite encore, un simple rouage de la nouvelle raison instrumentale du monde. De ce fait, c’est l’analyse de cette « boîte noire » que se propose de réaliser cette thèse dans une perspective d’anthropologie politique de la santé mentale et d’épistémologie sociale. L’objectif est d’éclairer les évolutions institutionnelles de la santé mentale en France au cours de la décennie 2010. Dans cette conjoncture, « l’expérience » est devenue une catégorie au fondement d’une nouvelle économie morale dans les politiques publiques, reposant sur l’expérience de la maladie, les conceptions publiques de l’assistance, le rôle revisité des soins en santé mentale, l’agentivité morale des malades. L’étude est ancrée dans un travail de terrain multi-situé, conçue comme une ethnographie d’assemblage, explorant des manifestations locales d’un problème commun, à partir d’une posture d’agent d’administration locale de la santé. En conclusion, peut se dégager dans une perspective d’épistémologie sociale, le fondement empiriste des politiques de santé mentale et ses conséquences, ainsi que la valeur épistémique attribuée à l’expérience de la maladie, épreuve opposable aux preuves jugées les plus scientifiques.



In the mental health arena, the bureaucracy is used to be criticized by psychiatrists. However, research often focuses on an exotic interior: psychiatric work and the experience of patients. This is how the administration, which is nevertheless a sphere of concrete action, is made even more abstract, a simple cog in the new instrumental reason of the world. Therefore, it is the analysis of this "black box" that this thesis proposes to carry out from a perspective of political anthropology of mental health and social epistemology. The objective is to shed light on the institutional evolutions of mental health in France during the decade of 2010. In this conjuncture, "experience" has become a category at the foundation of a new moral economy in public policies, resting on the experience of the disease, public conceptions of assistance, the questioned role of mental health care, the moral agency of sick people. The study is grounded in multi-location fieldwork, conceived as an assemblic ethnography, exploring local manifestations of a common problem, from the posture of a local health administration officer. In conclusion, from a perspective of social epistemology, the empirical basis of mental health policies and its consequences can be seen, as well as the epistemic
value attributed to the experience of the disease, a test opposable to the evidence considered the most scientific.

Objectives: The aim of the current study is to explore how therapists running a guided physical exercise and dietary therapy programme (PED-t) experience their contribution to the treatment of patients with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.
Methods: Ten therapists running the PED-t were semistructurally interviewed and the transcribedinterviews were analysed using a systematic text condensation approach.
Setting: The study was run within the context of a randomised controlled trial at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.
Results: The therapists experienced their knowledge about physical exercise and nutrition as important and useful, and that they could share their knowledge with the patients in different ways and with confidence in their own role. They also believed that their knowledge could serve as tools for the patients’ post-treatment recovery and management of their daily lives. Moreover, the therapists put much effort in adjusting their teaching to fit each individual participant. Finally, they reported their personal qualities as important to build trust and therapeutic alliance.
Conclusions: The terms ‘clinical confidence’ and ‘alliance’ may stand out as the overarching ‘metacategories’ covering the experiences revealed in this study. The clinical implication is that new groups of professionals may have an important role in the treatment of eating disorders.
Trial registration number: NCTO2079935; Results.

Background: A caring environment in nursing education is one of the most essential factors for empowering students, which is achieved through trust and open academic communication.Aim: To explore the experiences of faculty caring and uncaring behaviours on students learning from the perspective of university nursing and midwifery students. Methods: Descriptive phenomenology was used to collect data from 10 nursing and midwifery students who were purposively selected at a baccalaureate nursing and midwifery school at a public university in Malawi. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from August 24th, 2015 to September 30th, 2015 and analysed using Colaizzi’s (1978) method. Ethical considerations were followed. European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 January 2021 edition Vol.17, No.3 www.eujournal.org 206 Results: Two sub-themes which emerged under the main theme of experiences of faculty caring behaviours which were: (1) Increased motivation (2) Increased confidence and Competence, whilst three sub-themes which emerged under the main theme of experiences of faculty uncaring behaviours were: (1) Poor performance (2) A risk to patients (3) Feeling helpless and embarrassed. Conclusion: Experiences of students with caring and uncaring faculty had an influence on students learning, personal well-being and on their ability to effectively care for their patients. The study recommends that faculty members should critically analyse their actions and embrace those caring behaviours that facilitate the process of creating a conducive learning environment. In addition, there is need to develop a clear policy stipulating the role of student personal advisors and how students can engage them.

En los últimos días se han difundido ampliamente en diversos medios de comunicación las experiencias biomédicas de Juan Carlos Izpisua y su grupo, sin embargo, los aspectos bioéticos de estas experiencias apenas se han tratado y nos parece que merecen ser considerados.
Separamos en tres grupos las experiencias de Izpisua a este efecto:
a) crear órganos cuasi humanos en animales, con la finalidad última de poder ser utilizados para trasplantes clínicos;
b) modificar, para hacerla más eficiente, la técnica CRISPR que tantas posibilidades biomédicas ofrece y
c) aplicar la reprogramación celular “in vivo”, para intentar rejuvenecer a un grupo de animales de experimentación.

Background: A caring environment in nursing education is one of the most essential factors for empowering students, which is achieved through trust and open academic communication.Aim: To explore the experiences of faculty caring and uncaring behaviours on students learning from the perspective of university nursing and midwifery students. Methods: Descriptive phenomenology was used to collect data from 10 nursing and midwifery students who were purposively selected at a baccalaureate nursing and midwifery school at a public university in Malawi. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from August 24th, 2015 to September 30th, 2015 and analysed using Colaizzi’s (1978) method. Ethical considerations were followed. European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 January 2021 edition Vol.17, No.3 www.eujournal.org 206 Results: Two sub-themes which emerged under the main theme of experiences of faculty caring behaviours which were: (1) Increase...