Entreprenership

Este caso relata el proceso de fundación y crecimiento de Central Frenos, una empresa del sector de mecánica ligera fundada por un mujer en Chile en la década del 80.  En casi 20 años la emprendedora logra transformar un local de venta de repuestos de frenos en una cadena de mas de 20 servitecas en todo el país.  Al final del caso de plantean interrograntes sobre el  estilo de liderazgo de la fundadora, de como alinear la estructura organizacional debido al crecimiento de la empresa y como continuar con el proceso de expansión.

An executive summary is a general overview. Its purpose is to summarize, organize the key points of the business plan for the readers and saving them time while preparing them for upcoming content. It must be clear, short and concise. When seeking new partners, business loans or funding it sums up the business plan and opportunity in a tight document. "This is your key to getting more capital. Only an effective one will unlock that door or get commercial lenders or investors to give you any more attention" According to the author Alejandro Cremades. It states what problem is the product/service is going to solve. In which market, is the solution will be proposed and a brief about the state of the competition in this market, it include also some financial highlights. This business plan is about a new company "ChatFabrica" a solution provider for businesses that want an alternative for traditional customer support and communication tools. Companies are investing heavily to have a consistent and effective help center that can respond to customer requests at anytime so our agency will provide this bot through Artificial Intelligence so businesses can offer a unique experience through interaction with their customers. The market isn't crowded for now and the companies able to propose chatbots aren't numerous, the competition is a little bit aggressive. A chatbot is a computer-based program designed to simulate a conversation with human users especially over the internet. The chatbot market will be valued about $2.2B in 2024 compared to $357M in 2017. Our funding will be from a joint venture with Creative Virtual Ltd one of the key players in the global chatbot market along with Nuance Communications Codebaby, Anboto, Inbenta Technologies Inc, and Aivo. The use of Chatbot is segmented in two-part, Web-based and Mobile-based. Our competitive advantage remains in an online sale, that don't require any business owner to relocate, our chatbot effectiveness is higher because of the cognitive support provided by our specialists that result into a compelling customer experience. Profitability will be positive from the 1 st Quarter of the next year, while always searching for funds to expand our teams and evolve our technology.

The literature on British South Sea whaling tends to focus on the vessels involved with little written about the ship-owners themselves. One of these was Thomas Sturge (1787-1866) in London who owned at least 22 vessels most of them engaged in South Sea whaling. He took a close interest in how they operated and ensured they were in good repair and well provisioned for their long and ardious voyages. He advised his captains where to "fish", and gave them instructions on how to treat their crewmen. Sturge was also part owner of two vessels that made signifcent voyages of discovery to the Antarctic. He was involved in a number of other commercial ventures and active in the wider community as a social reformer and philanthropist.

This study investigates the relation between the design activity and entrepreneurial ambition of three academic labs: MIT Senseable City Lab, metaLAB (at) Harvard, and Medea at Malmö University. These labs are positioned at the borderland of academic research, as they operate in connection with external stakeholders (industry, NGOs, government institutions) through, for example, joint strategies of intellectual property management or the creation of start-ups. Various economic and social factors motivate the development of these collaborative spaces including the need for academia to secure alternative sources of funding and the political ambition to incorporate knowledge production into the existing value circuits of the market economy. In these spaces, stakeholders with varying interests, agendas, and power positions interact through what can be conflictual and tense processes. Through the combination of ethnographically inspired methods and a semiotic interpretative framework, the study explores how design practice contributes to value creation in entrepreneurial academic labs. It also focuses on the translation aspect of academic entrepreneurship as emerging from the interrelation of varying and transversal design moves and modes. Spatially dislocated and materially re-articulated within different contexts, the format of the lab actualizes diverse interpretative directions and shifts in meaning relating to multiple stakeholders at certain moments in time. While some moves were pulled toward a linear development process by logic aimed at creating products to be commercialized or publicly showcased, other design moves aimed to preserve complexity and redundancy and retained a high level of openness to external contributions. To varying extents, the three labs also activated and sustained the more ambiguous aspects of design as a translational practice. In a sense, these three academic labs exemplify in-between spaces that, within the context of the design projects studied, articulate a type of translational entrepreneurship which allows multiple stakeholders to retain their divergences while simultaneously building upon their convergences in coordinated action. This translation activity traveled nonlinear routes but was firmly anchored to what was found to be asymmetrical power dynamics and negotiation as well as certain alliances and actively sustained ambiguity.

This article presents the rationale and purpose of the Project “Step in entrepreneurship” to the secondary school teachers. The main objective of the project is to design and pilot testing of implementation (in Małopolska and Podkarpackie voivodeships) an innovative program of development of entrepreneurial attitudes, IT and mathematics competence in upper secondary schools. The developed training program is based on the concept of creating a virtual company by the students. It is located on the Open Educational Platform created specifically for the Project and the students compete on the virtual market.

Purpose of the study: The village people of Pamarican Ciamis West Java Indonesia have great potency to be entrepreneurs. This study aims to implemented the strategy to develop rural entrepreneurship potency in Pamarican. Methodology: This is an action research. We are working with several business groups. Triangulation done by conducting sources triangulation, triangulation amongst researchers and theory triangulation.

This study was planned to appraise the factors that affect the performance of rural entrepreneurs in micro small enterprises located in central districts of Tamilnadu .It also gives the characteristics of rural entrepreneurs in micro small enterprises and the supports they acquire from Government, Financial institutions and NGO's, we have taken a sample of two hundred rural entrepreneurs as respondent for this study to engaged in five Industrial areas was taken for this pilot study using systematic sampling technique. In the process of respond the basic questions, a constructed questionnaire that include personal profiles, qualities of rural entrepreneurs and their enterprises, factors that affect the performance of rural entrepreneurs in micro small enterprises and supports received from central and state Government of India was framed well constructed questionnaire and measuring scales. Moreover, data collection were held with the rural entrepreneurs who are living and running the business in the rural side, After the data has been collected, it was analyzed using suitable statistical tools The results of the study indicates the personal qualities of rural entrepreneurs in MSEs and their enterprise affect their performance .It also shows that lack of own premises(land),financial utilization, management of competition, inadequate usage of training, awareness of latest technology and consumption and availability of raw materials were the key economic factors that affect the performance of rural entrepreneurs in Micro small enterprises. The study also found that bias of gender roles; social acceptability and network with outsiders were the major social factor that causes the performances of the rural entrepreneurs. Introduction Entrepreneurs are increasingly most recommended as an important source of economic growth, new product development and productivity, innovation and employment opportunities, and it is commonly known as a success key of economic revolution. Transforming the thoughts and ideas of individuals are converted into economic opportunities is the exact meaning of entrepreneurship. Annals reveals that economic development progress has been significantly advanced by practical consequences of people who are entrepreneurial and innovative thought holders, having interest and ability to exploit the favorable time to attain the goal and willing to take risks in his business. Entrepreneurship role and an entrepreneurial culture in overall economic and social development have many times been underestimated. Over the few years, however, it has become increasingly visible that entrepreneurs actually perform to contribute for economic development. However, the suggestive numbers of enterprises were owned by Urban Entrepreneurs (ILO, 2006). In other meaning, it was not common to see Rural People-owned businesses worldwide specifically in developing countries like India. The idea and generation of output of rural entrepreneurship is a recent phenomenon

Den här rapporten ämnar ge svar på de frågeställningar som uppdragsgivarna har kring, dels, ett nytt finansieringskoncept i Hanöstad med tillväxtkapital för regionala företag, men även KON-TIKI-modellens utformning vad gäller ägarstruktur och finansiering. Med hjälp av ett fyrtiotal intervjuer, en enkätundersökning på Högskolan med 98 respondenter, djupdykning i andra rapporter, artiklar, webbplatser, lagtexter och regelverk har det hittas potentiella lösningar på uppdragsgivarnas problem.
När det kommer till stödet med kapital, kompetens, kunskap och nätverk/kontakter till de regionala företagen i de nio kommunerna runt Hanöbukten, rekommenderas det att man använder sig av värdefulla reala optioner. Rekommendationen är därför att man börjar med en Spindelman - en kompetent person som kan allt inom företagande och entreprenörskap, med goda kontakter samt ett brett nätverk i relevanta branscher. Denna person ska skapa en god kontakt med samtliga finansiärer som kan tänkas vara relevanta för regionala företag; stiftelser och andra aktörer med "mjuka pengar", offentliga aktörer, banker, VC-bolag, Buyout-bolag, affärsänglar, aktörer inom crowdfunding, förmögna privatpersoner som kan tänka sig att investera "i det tysta", institutionella investerare samt regionala företag med överskott i sin likviditet. Dessutom ska Spindelmannen ha kontakt med alla de stödfunktioner och relevanta organisationer som finns i regionen såsom inkubatorer och science parks, Nyföretagarcentrum, Företagarna, Almi, Högskolan Kristianstad och Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, kommunerna, Region Skåne och Blekinge, med flera. Allt i syfte att matcha ihop företagen med rätt kapital, kunskap och kompetens. Tar man ett steg längre kan man anpassa Spindelmannen till IT-åldern, då har man plötsligt en nationell internetbaserad Spindelman - en finansieringsplattform som fungerar som en webbplats eller en mobilapplikation. Denna ska innehålla allt det som finns inom företagsfinansiering och ska erbjuda sina besökare en komplett mötesplats för investerare och finansiärer.
Om det sedan visar sig att det finns ett intresse samt ett tillräckligt kapitalunderlag för att starta ett regionalt tillväxtkapitalbolag, rekommenderas det att man startar med ett privat aktiebolag, som är ett relativt billigt och enkelt alternativ. Huvudfokus bör ligga på sållningsprocessen och riskminimeringen, att satsa på rätt målgrupp, ha låga managementkostnader, ha alla avtal och dokument på plats, kunna bidra med kunskap, kompetens och nätverk, samt beslutsfattandet och styrningen i bolaget. Investeringar bör ske genom att man tecknar konvertibler i utvalda företag, med en ränta på 15-25 %, och en löptid på 4-8 år. Om det privata aktiebolaget börjar komma upp i tvåhundra investerare, kan man på ett relativt enkelt sätt göra om det till ett publikt aktiebolag genom att bland annat öka aktiekapitalet till 500 tkr. Växer man ytterligare, kan man ansöka om en registrering till att bli en alternativ investeringsfond (AIF) hos finansinspektionen. Detta är betydligt dyrare och mer komplext då man behöver resurser för compliance och regelefterlevnad, administration, rapportering, jurister, revisorer och riskhantering. Dessutom lär man ha högre lönekostnader på grund av den större organisationen. Å andra sidan kan man vända sig till hur många investerare som helst, och man har helt fria tyglar i sitt arbete.
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När det kommer till KON-TIKI-modellen, rekommenderas det att man använder sig av personaloptioner för att ge över företaget till entreprenörerna. På så sätt kan de vid tillfälle konvertera optionerna till aktier. För att undvika en hög beskattning på den vinst som kan finnas mellan kvotvärdet och teckningsvärdet bör konverteringen ske innan företaget har fått en för hög värdeökning. I kontraktet om personaloptionerna kan man lägga in krav och villkor som ger entreprenören incitament att arbeta långsiktigt med företaget. Därtill finns även SAR:s och RSU:s vilket är två andra typer av optionslösningar med några få tillägg gentemot personaloptioner. Genom att använda en kombination mellan de tre nämnda optionslösningarna kan man minska överföringskostnaderna och således de totala kostnaderna, sänka breakeven tröskeln i investeringen samt i högre grad kunna säkerställa att entreprenörerna arbetar i rätt riktning. Att se över möjligheterna att använda en kombination mellan de tre nämnda optionslösningarna torde därför ge ett bra resultat. Nackdelen som dock blir väldigt tydlig i detta exempel är att entreprenörerna faktiskt inte får något företag alls. Då det kommer att ses som förmån kommer det att bli beskattat i framtiden som lön - även om inte HKR-Holding tar någonting i betalning. Entreprenörernas incitament kommer således att ligga i att de får se in i företaget på ett unikt sätt, där deras risk är väldigt låg och där deras potentiella vinst kan bli väldigt stor.
Därför ges det således ett förslag på ytterligare en lösning för KON-TIKI. Genom att ta hjälp av outnyttjade finansieringsresurser som finns tillgängliga i regionen så kan man istället inrikta sig på entreprenörer på högskolan. En finansieringsprocess visas i rapporten där det för HKR-Holding och entreprenörerna i fråga kommer finnas ett väsentligt större ekonomiskt incitament att deltaga i KON-TIKI-modellen. Dock ska det även här läggas till att stora nackdelar återfinns i att endast rikta in sig till ett så smalt segment som studenter på Högskolan Kristianstad.

The 'family' is frequently mentioned in assessments of the apparent distinctiveness of ethnic minority enterprise. Family involvement can account for the 'success' of some ethnic groups, and low rates of small business activity in others. Implicitly, such debates are recognition of the importance of the nature of the household and small business. However, few studies in Britain make explicit the link between household dynamics and ethnic minority business activity. This paper examines how households from a variety of ethnic communities impinge upon 'family' enterprise operating in the independent restaurant sector. In-depth interviews with family members from 37 micro-business households are drawn upon to illuminate three particular issues: the role of family members in the business; the impact of household dynamics on business activity; and the nature of 'second-generation' involvement in the family business. The findings highlight the gendered nature of roles within the micro-business household, and the importance of extended family ties to small business activity. However, the involvement of predominantly second-generation family members could not be regarded as an example of uncomplicated family collectivities at work. Rather, their presence was more a product of limited labour market choices, socialisation, and power relations within the household. La participation ded la familia en la empresa puede explicard 'exito' de algunos grupas etnicas, y a vez el numero reducido de las PYMES entre algunos otros drupos. Implicitamente tales debates manifestan la importancia de la naturaleza de la familia y la pequena empresa. Sin embargo, pocos estudios iievados a cabo en Gran Bretana senalan explicitamente la conexion entre la dinamica dentro de la familia y la activdad de las pequenas empresas de las minorias etnicas. Este papel examina como las caracteristicas de la vida domestica de diversas comunidades etnicas afectan la empreesa 'familiar' en al sector de los restaurantes indepenientes. Se refiere a una serie de entreuistas cualitativas con los miembros de 37 familias involucradas en micro-negocios y sirve para iluminar tres temas especificos: el rol desampenado por los miembros de la familia en la empresa; el impacto de la dinamica familiar del compromiso de la segunda generacion en la empresa de su familia. Los resultados de estas investigaciones destacan los lazos que existen entre las caracteristicas de las tareas dentro de las empresas y el sexo de los individuos que las iievan a cabo. Tambien demuenstran la importancia de los extendidos lazos familiares para las activadades empresariales. Sin embargo la presencia de tantos individuos pertenecientes a la 'segunda generacion' no puede considerarsed simplemente ejemplos de unas comlectiuidades familiares tvabajaundo juntes. En efecto, la presencia de estos inividuos es mas bien producto de la falta de oportunidudes en el mercado del trabajo, la socialiacion, el poder y las relagiones dentro de la familia.