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We propose a cognitive and neurobiological framework for creativity in nonhuman animals based on the framework previously proposed by Kaufman and Kaufman (2004), with additional insight from recent animal behavior research, behavioral neuroscience, and creativity theories. The additional information has lead to three major changes in the 2004 model—the addition of novelty seeking as a subcategory of novelty recognition, the addition of specific neurological processing sites that correspond to each of the processes, and the transformation of the model into a spectrum in which all three levels represent different degrees of the creative process (emphasis on process) and the top level, dubbed innovation, is defined by the creative product. The framework remains a three-level model of creativity. The first level is composed of both the cognitive ability to recognize novelty, a process linked to hippocampal function, and the seeking out of novelty, which is linked to dopamine systems. Th...

ences droughts due to irregular rain fall and the soil in many parts of the region is considered to be poor for farming. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are origi-nally defined as root-colonizing bacteria, i.e., Bacillus that cause either plant growth promotion or biological control of plant diseases. The study aims at the isolation of novel Bacillus species and to assess the biotechnological poten-tial of the novel species as a biofertilizer, with respect to their plant growth promoting properties as efficient phos-phate-solubilizing bacteria. Seven different strains of Bacillus were isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil near boys ’ hostel of Palamuru University which belongs to Deccan plateau. Among seven isolated strains, Bacillus strain-7 has shown maximum support for good growth of eight cotton cultivars. This bacterial species is named Bacillus sp. PU-7 based on the phenotypic and phyloge-netic analysis. Among eight cotton cultivars, Mahyco has shown high levels of IAA, p...

The aim of the ViVa project is to develop tools for the modern hemodynamicist and cardiovascular surgeon to study and interpret the constantly increasing amount of information being produced by non--invasive imaging equipment. In particular, we are developing a system able to process and visualize 3D medical data, to reconstruct the geometry of arteries of specific patients and to simulate blood flow in them. The initial applications of the system will be for clinical research and training purposes. In a later stage we will explore the application of the system to surgical planning. ViVa is based on an integrated set of tools, each dedicated to a specific aspect of the data processing and simulation pipeline: image processing and segmentation; real-time 3D volume visualization; 3D geometry reconstruction; 3D mesh generation; blood flow simulation and visualization.