EDF

The present research consists of a utilitarian approach to the under construction identity of Europe in the international system, that of the Normative Power, with regard to its collective foreign policy in Africa. Based on the development and military aid that the EU provides to its African partners, I seek to understand whether or not the external actions of the EU in Africa are in line with the principles of Normative Power Europe and how the outcomes of these actions
can benefit the African people. Thereby, the means the EU chooses in order to contribute to the development of the African states are examined under the concept of Normative Power, the outcomes of European policies are evaluated based on the utilitarian perspective and finally, whether the EU actorness in Africa resembles that of Normative Power is examined based on the fields the EU chooses to implement its policies on.

The relationship between society and design is in a period of transition. We are observing a move from the ‘object’ to ‘service’, and from problem solving, to problem finding, to design strategy. In this paper we explore how a ‘toolkit approach’ allows us to both contribute to democratic innovation activity but also build a deeper understanding of the potential contribution design can have in this emerging area.
This work was conducted in the prototyping stages of the Homesense initiative, a project run by Tinker London and Électricité de France. Homesense aims to facilitate user led innovation in smart home development through provision of toolkits and expert support. Through engagement with the
Homesense project we identify areas and mechanisms for intervention in Democratic Innovation (DI) and discuss methodologies for future potential for a wider professional design engagement in DI

European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.27 No.3(2009), pp.431-453 ? EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Characteristics of Agent-Based Hierarchical Diff-EDF Schedulability Over Heterogeneous Real-Time ...

Abstract-This paper proposes a new scheduler applying the concept of non-uniform laxity to Earliest Deadline First (EDF) approach for aperiodic tasks. This scheduler improves task utilisation (Execution time / deadline) and also increases the number of tasks that are being scheduled. Laxity is a measure of the spare time permitted for the task before it misses its deadline, and is computed using the expression (deadline-(current time + execution time)). Weight decides the priority of the task and is defined by the expression ((quantum slice time / allocated time)*total core time for the task). Quantum slice time is the time actually used, allocated time is the time allocated by the scheduler, and total core time is the time actually reserved by the core for execution of one quantum of the task. Nonuniform laxity enables scheduling of tasks that have higher priority before the normal execution of other tasks and is computed by multiplying the weight of the task with its laxity. The a...