Cultural Heritage Preservation

The purpose of this study is to compare the cultural heritage tourism preservation in two heritage sites between Kota Tua Jakarta in Indonesia and Old Town Central in Hong Kong. The study focused on preservation system and efforts such as funding, management, ownership, stakeholder's involvement, spatial distribution within the sites, community concerns on tourism and signage besides the physical setting of the sites. This explorative research used qualitative approach to obtain more accurate results in the context of comparisons between two cultural heritage sites. In this study, we do field and online observation techniques, documentation, notes and literature studies. To obtain the primary data, on-site observation sessions were conducted directly in the Old Town Central Hong Kong and Kota Tua Jakarta area, in-depth interviews and photo documentation was made as well. Besides, the secondary data collection for the Old Town of Jakarta was done through online literature study i...

Since 17th century due to the conversion of agriculture to capitalism, in the Po valley the cascina (a courtyard farm) established itself as an agrarian production centre, evolving into a multifunctional structure closely connected with territory. It was often self-sufficient social centre, thanks to the presence of agricultural activities, breeding and food processing, as well as services (school, church).
In the second half of 20th century, agricultural mechanization and industrial development caused a severe decrease of agricultural employees, originating rural areas depopulation and farmsteads abandonment; therefore the lack of maintenance originated a gradual degradation and many constructions turned to ruin.
Nowadays neglected agrarian buildings represent a real agricultural archaeology heritage, that connotes Po valley landscape and recalls the archetype of rural life.
Since the 1990s, a growing nostalgia of rural lifestyle has developed, following by the development of agrarian estate refurbishments as permanent or holiday homes; but the lack of a common technical culture of restoration brought to disrespectful works.
Safeguard and valorisation strategies shouldn’t be based only on cultural interest declaration, that concerns emerging goods and not widespread heritage: it is essential to raise users’ and technicians’ awareness; provincial and regional authorities should issue guidelines for drawing up local planning instruments, that encourage more respectful actions also through incentives or tax relief.

The paper discusses socio-economic and cultural conditions and technological and formal aspects which attests rooftop additions on existing buildings as a model for increasing built density of residential area. In Italy most of the residential buildings constructed in postwar period have today low architectural quality and are degraded. The need for upgrade of this real estate gives the opportunity to implement strategies to reduce land consumption through rooftop additions. In a conservative approach to built heritage, the dismantling of roofs implies a loss of material culture; otherwise, the construction of the same volumes in new areas would cause an irreversible land consumption. A conflict rises between the needs for conservation of built heritage and of territory; in accordance with Amedeo Bellini, the resolution of this conflict must be based on ethical judgments. Thus the addition shouldn’t be a parasite, but it must achieve a symbiotic architecture in which both host and symbiont derive benefit from the interaction.

"ENG:
The issue of the relationship between contemporary architecture and pre-existence is of utmost importance as always and nowadays increasingly architects tend to operate with additions or substitutions in the core of already urbanized areas, both of the historic city and in recently built context.
The paper present a critical description of the particular reasons that lead to insert new architecture in existing building tissue and of objectives that arises with respect to pre-existence in order to carry out an analysis of the conceptual and practical approaches arising therefrom; finally, the paper highlights the impact of these actions on transmission of existing buildings to future generations.
Only a careful dialogical approach to the inclusion of new architecture in the built contexts can be the herald of the modern instances of protection of existing heritage, safeguarding its historical authenticity and the multiplicity of its tangible and intangible features, which are proposed as data that are always subject to countless and endlessly new interpretations. In the variety of its forms and within the limits of respect for pre-existence, the dialogical approach also allows full freedom of expression to contemporary architecture allowing to add new cultural resources to the multilayered built palimpsest.

ESP:
La cuestión de la relación entre la arquitectura contemporánea y la preexistente es de suma importancia, ya que desde siempre y cada vez más se sigue trabajand con las adiciones o sustituciones en áreas ya urbanizadas, tanto en el casco histórico como en contextos de más reciente construcción.
El artículo presenta un análisis crítico de las motivaciones contingentes que llevan a la inclusión de nuevas arquitecturas en lo construido y de los objetivos que se plantean respecto a la preexistencia, con el fin de llegar a la realizazión de un análisis de las orientaciónes conceptuales y prácticas que derivan de ellos; por fin se van a subrayar los efectos de estas intervenciones sobre la transmisión del patrimonio arquitectónico existente a las generaciones futuras.
Sólo una cuidadosa orientación dialógica hacia la inclusión de nuevas arquitecturas en contextos construidos puede ser el portador de las instancias modernas de tutela del existente, en su autenticidad histórica y en la multiplicidad de sus características materiales e inmateriales, que se presentan como datos que siempre serán sometidos a infinitas interpretaciones infinitamente nuevas. En la multiplicidad de sus formas y dentro de los límites respecto a la preexistencia, la orientación dialógica también permite la plena libertad de expresión de la arquitectura contemporánea permitiendo añadir nuevos recursos culturales al palimpsesto edificado."

The purpose of this study is to compare the cultural heritage tourism preservation in two heritage sites between Kota Tua Jakarta in Indonesia and Old Town Central in Hong Kong. The study focused on preservation system and efforts such as funding, management, ownership, stakeholder's involvement, spatial distribution within the sites, community concerns on tourism and signage besides the physical setting of the sites. This explorative research used qualitative approach to obtain more accurate results in the context of comparisons between two cultural heritage sites. In this study, we do field and online observation techniques, documentation, notes and literature studies. To obtain the primary data, on-site observation sessions were conducted directly in the Old Town Central Hong Kong and Kota Tua Jakarta area, in-depth interviews and photo documentation was made as well. Besides, the secondary data collection for the Old Town of Jakarta was done through online literature study in the form of news, trip advisor and travel note. This paper raises suggestions to settle some ways of preserving historical heritage by making a comparative discussion on the differences in the legislation, administration and government supports in the two countries such as Hong Kong and Indonesia that can be applied in any kind of cultural heritage tourism sites performance for sustainability purposes.

European Union has been promoting research actions on cultural heritage, recognizing and underlining its central role for the community policies and establishing its safeguard and valorisation as urgent priorities for the future. A research on rational tools for establishing seismic risk, intervention priorities, and decision-making on renovation of historical buildings and museums, just started at the University of Camerino, School of Architecture and Design, is described in this paper. The basic idea of the research is to develop a probabilistic methodology for the assessment of seismic risk of cultural heritage starting from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) approach, consisting of a general framework where the risk problem is decomposed into its three main features (i.e. seismic hazard, vulnerability and losses), analysed in a rigorous and consistent interdependent manner. The application of this methodology to cultural heritage requires investigations and original proposals on various open issues. This paper reports some results concerning the general methodology and preliminary analyses of a case study.