Candida species

Candida causes mucocutaneous or invasive infections. Most laboratories in Mombasa do not undertake Candida species identification and antifungal susceptibility routinely. Objectives: This study sought to determine the prevalence, distribution, risk factors and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida isolated in Mombasa Hospital. Materials and Methods: In a crosssectional study, 384 patient samples selected by systematic random sampling were cultured.  Identification and antifungal susceptibilities for yeast isolates were done on Vitek 2 compact. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were done using SPSS version 20. Differences in parameter estimates were deemed statistically significant at P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of Candida was 8.6%. Candida albicans (7.8%) and Candida tropicalis (0.8%). Candida isolates were susceptible to Flucytosine (100%),  Micafungin and Caspofungin (96.97%), Voriconazole (93.94%) and Fluconazole (81.82%). 9.09% isolates were resistant and intermediate to Fluconazole while 15.15% were resistant to Amphotericin B. Pregnant women (P = 0.000), diabetics (P = 0.008), chronically ill patients (P = 0.026) and catheterized patients (P = 0.023) were at most risk of Candida infections. Conclusion: Candida is a common cause of infections among patients in Mombasa Hospital. Flucytosine is an effective antifungal agent. Resistance to azoles and Amphotericin B should be considered when starting empirical treatment.

In the present study, phenanthrene degradation by yeast Candida tropicalis NN4 was optimized in the presence of biogenically synthesized ZnO nanoparticle using plant extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum and produced biosurfactant in the medium. The biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. Biosurfactant producing ability of the yeast isolate was investigated by drop collapse test, emulsification index, methylene blue agar plate method, oil displacement test and lipase activity. The type of biosurfactant produced was sophorolipid which was characterized by FT-IR analysis. Response surface methodology (RSM), threelevel three variables Box Behnken Design (BBD) were employed to optimize the factors viz., pH (7), NaCl concentration (1.5 gL-1) and ZnO nanoparticle concentration (0.02gL-1) for maximum phenanthrene degradation using C. tropicalis NN4. The TEM micrograph illustrated that the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticle exhibited different nanostructures viz. tetragonal, spherical, hexagonal and triangular shaped with the average core diameter of 20 nm. The actual value (86.5 ± 0.02%) was in close agreement with predicted value (86.5 ± 0.01%) obtained by the RSM model indicating the validity of the RSM model. Phenanthrene degradation was confirmed through FTIR and GC-MS analysis. These results support the effectiveness of using RSM for maximum phenanthrene degradation.

In the present study, phenanthrene degradation by
yeast Candida tropicalis NN4 was optimized in the
presence of biogenically synthesized ZnO nanoparticle
using plant extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum and
produced biosurfactant in the medium. The
biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized
by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. Biosurfactant
producing ability of the yeast isolate was investigated
by drop collapse test, emulsification index, methylene
blue agar plate method, oil displacement test and
lipase activity. The type of biosurfactant produced was
sophorolipid which was characterized by FT-IR
analysis. Response surface methodology (RSM), threelevel
three variables Box Behnken Design (BBD) were
employed to optimize the factors viz., pH (7), NaCl
concentration (1.5 gL-1) and ZnO nanoparticle
concentration (0.02gL-1) for maximum phenanthrene
degradation using C. tropicalis NN4.

"The increasing incidence of Candidiasis affecting the genitourinary tracts as well as the introduction of new antifungal drugs has recently encouraged the need for performing fungal susceptibility tests. The study was aimed at evaluating the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species isolated from female patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), with suspected Candidal infections between August, 2012 to June, 2013. Five hundred and twenty one (521) clinical samples comprising 342 urine and 179 high vaginal swabs were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The Candida species isolated were identified to species level using Chromogenic agar and API 20 C AUX test kit. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed using commercially prepared single antifungal disc (Bioanalyse Turkey). Out of these 521 samples analyzed only 59 yielded Candida species giving the overall prevalence of 11.3% with Candida albicans 22 (37.3%) as the common species isolated followed by C. glabrata 19 (32.2%), C. tropicalis 5(8.5%), C. krusei 3 (5.1%), C. magnoliae 3 (5.1%), C. lusitaniae 2 (3.4%), C. parapsilosis 2 (3.4%), C. famata 2 (3.4%) and C. guilliermondii 1 (1.7%). The antifungal susceptibility test shows that 81.4% of the isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole and only 3.4% to nystatin. However, 33.9% were susceptible, 13.6% intermediate susceptible and 52.5% resistant to fluconazole. Similarly 28.8% were susceptible, 5.1% intermediate susceptible and 66.1% resistant to voriconazole. Additionally 25.4% were susceptible, 11.9% intermediate susceptible and 62.7% resistant to flucytosine. All the C. krusei isolates were completely resistant to azole drugs while C. famata were resistant to all the drugs tested. Two quality control strains of Candida namely: Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 were used. Taura, D. W. | Yakubu, G. | Panda, T. W. | Dagona, A.G.""Evaluation of Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida Species Isolated from Female Patients Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2395.pdf
Article URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/2395/evaluation-of-antifungal-susceptibility-profile-of-candida-species-isolated-from-female-patients-attending-aminu-kano--teaching-hospital-akth/taura-d-w"

Uma serie de 21 derivados, 1,3,4-oxadiazolinas, foi sintetizada pela ciclizacao de N-acilhidrazonas com anidrido acetico e avaliada in vitro quanto a sua atividade antifungica contra seis especies de Candida: Candida albicans (ATCC 90028 e LM V-42), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258 e LM 12 C) e Candida tropicalis (ATCC 13803 e LM 14). As especies de Candida foram consideradas sensiveis a uma serie dos compostos, os quais inibiram o crescimento de 50 a 90%, com um intervalo de concentracao inibitoria minima (MIC) de 64 a 512 µg mL-1. As estruturas dos compostos foram totalmente confirmadas e caracterizadas pelas tecnicas de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), ressonância magnetica nuclear (NMR) de 1H e 13C, e espectrometria de massa (MS).

Material and methods: Oropharyngeal secretions were collected from 100 HIV positive individuals with CD4 counts less than 500,
over a period of 4 months from June-September 2010. Samples were processed by standard methods for isolation of candida. Speciation
was done by the color of growth on HiCrome agar, germ tube test, pellicle formation on SDA broth, chlamydospore production on
CMA, growth at 450c and growth on Pal’s agar. Results: Out of 100, 63 samples were positive for fungal growth. Among 63, 17 samples
yielded mixed growth and 46 samples yielded single isolates. Total isolates from 63 samples were 80. C. albicans was the predominant
species both in mixed cultures (17 out of 34 mixed isolates i.e 50%) & single isolates (18out of 46 samples i.e 39%) and also in total
isolates 35 out of 80 isolates, (43.7%) followed by C. tropicalis (17.6%, 20.9%, 18.7%), C. parapsilosis (20.5%, 6.9% and 12.5%), C.
dubliniensis (11.8, 8.7%, 10%) in mixed, single and total isolates respectively. C. krusei and C. glabrata were obtained as single isolates.
More positive cases were seen in individuals with CD4 count less than 200/cumm. Cultures (17 out of 34 mixed isolates i.e 50%) and
single isolates (18 out of 46 samples i.e 39%) and also in total isolates (43.7%) followed by C. tropicalis (17.6%, 20.9%, 18.7%), C.
parapsilosis (20.5%, 6.9%, 12.5%), C. dubliniensis (11.8, 8.7%, 10%) in mixed, single and total isolates respectively. C. krusei and C.
glabrata were isolated as single isolates. More positive cases were seen in individuals with CD4 count less than 200/cumm.