Bioelectromagnetism

The effect of location and its geophysical properties on biology has been known since ancient times. This paper makes an attempt to define geophysical anomalies, analyze the various parameters that constitute them, and analyze the mechanisms through which these anomalies interact with human biology, flora, and fauna.

Every year at the request of friends I check out the credibility and promise
of a variety of alternative therapies. Sometimes, but not often, unusual
healing/health modalities do offer something substantial – other than the
power of belief – to back them up. In this respect, I’d easily rate “Earthing”
(electrically grounding oneself) as my best find for the past ten years of
checking out “off the wall” therapeutic modalities, most of which end up
having little or no supporting scientific research of any kind, let alone
double-blind controlled studies, to validate their purported effects. However,
increasingly robust research has shown that grounding promotes significant
decreases in pain and inflammation, as well as a number of physiological
changes, including an improvement in blood flow. Also, many people have
reported that when sleeping "earthed" they enjoy better sleep and more
vivid dreams.

Both human and non-human living organisms have traditionally been viewed and studied as material organisms. Within this context, life has been defined by the biochemical processes that sustain the living organisms, while mind and consciousness have been relegated to functions within the brain. Yet the body is just a complex pattern of energetic material particle exchanges to physicists when compared to the biochemical processes studied by chemists and biologists. As the scientific view of life has expanded beyond these early limits, new research has centered more upon the electric, magnetic and electromagnetic characteristics of living material bodies as well as the brain, but the overall concept of life has not kept pace or changed at all. Once these new research efforts have been taken into account, it is easy to demonstrate that life, or rather the “living force” as it was once called, can be equated to the overall matter/energy pattern of the organism, while mind and consciousness can be equated to the electric and magnetic counterparts of the matter/energy pattern of living organisms. Doing so does nothing to disrupt or disturb the current thinking that the ‘process of life’ is purely biochemical. In fact, all living organisms, from the simplest one-celled organism to the most complex living organism known, a human,  are extremely complex material/energy patterns (comprising the structural and biochemical body) superposed by the extremely complex electric (electromagnetic scalar potential) field patterns and magnetic (electromagnetic vector potential) field patterns that constitute minds and consciousness. As humans, we may have the most complex and advanced mind and consciousness, but all other living organisms display mind and consciousness at various lower levels than our human mind and consciousness. The brain alone should no longer be considered the sole source and home of mind and consciousness. Mind and consciousness have mistakenly become associated with the brain and no other part of the body because of the dense concentration of neurons in the brain, a fact which can only be understood by studying the electric and especially the magnetic characteristics of the neuron. A strict study of the magnetic (electromagnetic vector potential) field patterns associated with neurons and neural nets demonstrates how thoughts and streams of thought originate in the brain and are stored magnetically at and within the points in space-time occupied by the brain and body. Microtubules, which act as magnetic induction coils, are the primary structural bio-unit used for building, storing and retrieving memories in the mind. In a very strict sense of the concepts, mind and consciousness could be considered a mixed four-dimensional electric-magnetic potential field holographic body that maintains a semi-independent existence with the material/energy field or structural/biochemical body of every living organism. The consequences of this physical model of mind and consciousness are revolutionary and imply a physical basis for (Darwinian) evolution as well as simple explanations of many paranormal phenomena, including the survival of mind and consciousness after death of the material body.

Recent evidence by Channell, J. and Vigliotti, L. 2019 demonstrated that significant gradual extinction of terrestrial mammals coincided with severe geoelectromagnetic perturbations. Over the last few years, Bility, M.T. proposed a novel theory termed "Quantum Equilibrium Theory", to describe the nature and dynamics of the universe in its entirety. QET proposed a non-discrete compressible fluid model of the physical universe, where in all the fundamental forces are unified, and govern by the Wheeler-Feynman transactional quantum theory. Consequently, a continuous translational symmetry exists across the different layers and scales of planet Earth, and severe perturbations at the core-mantle boundary associated with the large low shear velocity provinces have significant impact on human health. Recently, several health anomalies have been described in North Americans in and around the Caribbean plate, namely the coastal regions of Cuba (Havana) and the Dominican Republic. The health anomalies in North Americans in Cuba were termed the Havana syndrome, and were associated with neurocognitive and sensory disorders in individuals who recently arrived in Cuba. The health anomalies in North Americans in the Dominican Republic were associated with severe gastrointestinal abnormalities, perturbed thermo-regulation, sensory disorders, cardiovascular abnormalities, pulmonary edema and death, in individuals who recently arrived in the Dominican Republic. This publication hypothesize that per QET, North Americans have suboptimal electromagneto-regulation system for periods of severe geoelectromagnetic perturbations with decreasing geomagnetic field strength due to the relatively high and uniform lithosphere magnetic field strength of North America compared to the equatorial belt. Consequently, the current severely decreasing geomagnetic field strength and associated lithosphere magnetic field perturbations will have a disproportionate adverse health impact on North Americans with suboptimal electromagneto-regulation system due to electromagneto-dyshomeostasis, which disrupts normal physiological signaling. Said suboptimal electromagneto-regulation system is manifested during existence of North Americans across regions with significantly different lithosphere magnetic field strength. The Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) and associated Caribbean plate lie at the margins of the Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Province (PLLVP); we hypothesize that the PLLVP is undergoing increasingly severe perturbations, resulting in increasingly severe lithosphere magnetic anomalies in and around the Caribbean plate. Furthermore, several subduction zones exist along the Caribbean Plate, providing portals for enhanced coupling between magnetic perturbations in the PLLVP and the surface of the lithosphere. This publication hypothesize that, interaction of the ultra-low electromagnetic radiation of the magnetic perturbations in the PLLVP with individuals from North America in and around the Caribbean plate results in aberrant health and death due to suboptimal electromagneto-regulation. Of importance, equatorial belt populations have been continuously subjected to extremely varied magnetic field strength, albeit relatively lower compared to North America (and the rest of the Northern and Southern hemispheres); thus, acclimating equatorial belt populations to severe geomagnetic perturbations via development of a robust and optimal electromagneto-regulation system.

—A systematic literature review was carried out to study patient security and possible harmful effects, immunity and interferences on medical devices, and effectiveness and transmission problems in healthcare and hospital environments due to electromagnetic interferences. The objective was to determine already-reported cases of patient security, immunity of medical devices, and transmission/reception failure in order to evaluate safety and security of patients. Literature published in the last 10 years has been reviewed by searching in bibliographic databases, journals, and proceedings of conferences. Search strategies developed in electronic databases identified a total of 820 references, with 50 finally being included. The study reveals the existence of numerous publications on interferences in medical devices due to radiofre-quency fields. However, literature on effectiveness, transmission problems and measurements of electromagnetic fields is limited. From the studies collected, it can be concluded that several cases of serious interferences in medical instruments have been reported. Measures of electromagnetic fields in healthcare environments have been also reported, concluding that special protective measures should be taken against electromagnetic interferences by incoming radio waves. Health Phys. 100(5):530 –541; 2011

We are introducing a system for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements for future use in Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU) settings. The system consists mostly of commercially available components and the software was developed in Labview (National Instruments). The system is based on the principle that acute hemorrhagic stroke may produce detectable changes in the impedance spectrum measured on the subject's scalp due to parenchimal local increases of blood volume. EIS measurements were performed on four healthy control subjects to establish a baseline for a real time stroke detector. Measurements were performed using white noise currents in the 0-50 kHz frequency band using ten shielded electrodes placed on a subject's scalp, with electrical potentials measured with a large-dynamic range for increased EIS accuracy. EIS measurements yielded highly symmetrical impedance spectra, which was only obtainable using the proposed continuos spectral electrical im...

The resistive or non-resistive nature of the extracellular space in the brain is still debated, and is an important issue for correctly modeling extracellular potentials. Here, we first show theoretically that if the medium is resistive, the frequency scaling should be the same for electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) signals at low frequencies (<10 Hz). To test this prediction, we analyzed the spectrum of simultaneous EEG and MEG measurements in four human subjects. The frequency scaling of EEG displays coherent variations across the brain, in general between 1/f and 1/f2, and tends to be smaller in parietal/temporal regions. In a given region, although the variability of the frequency scaling exponent was higher for MEG compared to EEG, both signals consistently scale with a different exponent. In some cases, the scaling was similar, but only when the signal-to-noise ratio of the MEG was low. Several methods of noise correction for environmental and instrumental noise were tested, and they all increased the difference between EEG and MEG scaling. In conclusion, there is a significant difference in frequency scaling between EEG and MEG, which can be explained if the extracellular medium (including other layers such as dura matter and skull) is globally non-resistive.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10827-010-0263-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Recent evidence by Channell, J. and Vigliotti, L. 2019 demonstrated that significant gradual extinction of terrestrial mammals coincided with severe geoelectromagnetic perturbations. Over the last few years, Bility, M.T. proposed a novel theory termed &amp;quot;Quantum Equilibrium Theory&amp;quot;, to describe the nature and dynamics of the universe in its entirety. QET proposed a non-discrete compressible fluid model of the physical universe, where in all the fundamental forces are unified, and govern by the Wheeler-Feynman transactional quantum theory. Consequently, a continuous translational symmetry exists across the different layers and scales of planet Earth, and severe perturbations at the core-mantle boundary associated with the large low shear velocity provinces have significant impact on human health. Recently, several health anomalies have been described in North Americans in and around the Caribbean plate, namely the coastal regions of Cuba (Havana) and the Dominican Republic. The health anomalies in North Americans in Cuba were termed the Havana syndrome, and were associated with neurocognitive and sensory disorders in individuals who recently arrived in Cuba. The health anomalies in North Americans in the Dominican Republic were associated with severe gastrointestinal abnormalities, perturbed thermo-regulation, sensory disorders, cardiovascular abnormalities, pulmonary edema and death, in individuals who recently arrived in the Dominican Republic. This publication hypothesize that per QET, North Americans have suboptimal electromagneto-regulation system for periods of severe geoelectromagnetic perturbations with decreasing geomagnetic field strength due to the relatively high and uniform lithosphere magnetic field strength of North America compared to the equatorial belt. Consequently, the current severely decreasing geomagnetic field strength and associated lithosphere magnetic field perturbations will have a disproportionate adverse health impact on North Americans with suboptimal electromagneto-regulation system due to electromagneto-dyshomeostasis, which disrupts normal physiological signaling. Said suboptimal electromagneto-regulation system is manifested during existence of North Americans across regions with significantly different lithosphere magnetic field strength. The Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) and associated Caribbean plate lie at the margins of the Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Province (PLLVP); we hypothesize that the PLLVP is undergoing increasingly severe perturbations, resulting in increasingly severe lithosphere magnetic anomalies in and around the Caribbean plate. Furthermore, several subduction zones exist along the Caribbean Plate, providing portals for enhanced coupling between magnetic perturbations in the PLLVP and the surface of the lithosphere. This publication hypothesize that, interaction of the ultra-low electromagnetic radiation of the magnetic perturbations in the PLLVP with individuals from North America in and around the Caribbean plate results in aberrant health and death due to suboptimal electromagneto-regulation. Of importance, equatorial belt populations have been continuously subjected to extremely varied magnetic field strength, albeit relatively lower compared to North America (and the rest of the Northern and Southern hemispheres); thus, acclimating equatorial belt populations to severe geomagnetic perturbations via development of a robust and optimal electromagneto-regulation system.

Abstract— The possibility of intrinsic electromagnetic fields within living cells and their resonant self-interaction and interaction with ambient electromagnetic fields is suggested on the basis of a theoretical and experimental study. It is reported that intrinsic electromagnetic fields are produced in the form of radio-frequency and infra-red photons within atoms (which may be coupled or uncoupled) in cellular structures, such as the cell cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. A model is presented for the interaction of these photons among themselves or with atoms under a dipole-dipole coupling, induced by single-photon or two-photon processes. This resonance is manifested by conspicuous field amplification and it is argued that it is possible for these resonant photons to undergo tunnelling in the form of evanescent waves to a short range (of a few nanometers to micrometres). This effect, suggested as a resonant photon tunnelling mechanism in this report, may enable these fields to act as intracellular signal communication devices and as bridges between macromolecules or cellular structures in the cell cytoskeleton, organelles or membrane. A brief overview of an experimental technique and a review of some preliminary results are presented, in the detection of these fields produced in living cell membranes under physiological conditions.

The effect of location and its geophysical properties on biology has been known since ancient times. This paper makes an attempt to define geophysical anomalies, analyze the various parameters that constitute them, and analyze the mechanisms through which these anomalies interact with human biology, flora, and fauna.

Respiration derivation from ECG signals would be an alternative approach for obtaining respiration related knowledge that is especially useful in the situation in which the respiration is not routinely monitored by specialized equipment. Although several published methods c ould give reasonable results for this purpose, for some applications, they still have drawbacks in some respects, e.g., requiring multi-channel ECG signal, being robust-less against noise, etc.. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, we investigate the possibility of obtaining respiratory knowledge from a single-channel ECG signal based on its higher order statistics, which is a notable feature that the conventional methods do not hold. Another worthy of mention feature is that the method depends on R-wave detections only, such that other feature detections, e.g., Q-wave or S-wave detection, are not necessary anymore for the processing. This feature does not make the processing simpler only, with th...

—The wireless link between a mobile phone and its surrounding crucially depends on the quality and properties of the mobile phone antenna. The process of antenna selection is a multi-criteria decision-making problem with conflicting and diverse objectives. In this work, a model was built to select the best GSM mobile phone antenna in the design phase to increase the overall performance in the band. The model includes building an analytic hierarchy structure with a tree of hierarchical criteria and alternatives to ease the decision-making. The antenna options considered were limited to retractable whip antenna, loop chip antenna, monopole antenna, planar inverted F-antenna (PIFA), microstrip patch antenna, and printed slot antenna. An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to assist in building the model and help draw decisions. As a result of the decision making process, the monopole antenna was found to be the best choice for the GSM mobile phone antenna. Expert Choice TM software was used to conduct the experimental assessments. The judgments were found to be consistent, precise and justifiable with narrow marginal inconsistency values. The paper also presents a thorough sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the confidence in the drawn conclusions.

Present-day non-invasive Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) determine the intent of the user from a variety of different electrophysiological signals. Among others, these signals include P300 potentials recorded from the scalp. In the present study, we investigate the influence of different stimulus modalities (visual, tactile, and auditory) during sessions of P300-based BCI. In all the subjects (n=8), on-line classification displayed the highest percentage (93 %) with visual stimulus modality with respect to the audio (70%) and tactile (68%) modalities of stimulation. The elicitation of P300 was however, affected by the type of stimulus modality thus, preventing the generalization of feature classification in the same subject during P300-based BCI control performed under different modalities of stimulation.

The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility to use complex mental tasks (imagination of playing tennis and of spatial navigation), translated from the fMRI research, to drive an EEG-based BCI. This could be particularly useful for implementing new BCI paradigms for non-responsive patients. Common Spatial Patterns for the preprocessing and different classifiers were compared on a dataset recorded from 10 subjects. Classification accuracies show that the considered mental tasks could have some potentialities in the development of new paradigms for EEG-based BCIs.

In this article, the transmembrane voltage induced on erythrocyte, codocyte, ovalocyte and spherocyte cell models exposed to a linearly polarised electromagnetic plane wave of frequency 1800 MHz is calculated. For this purpose, a finite element (FE) numerical technique with adaptive meshing is used. The results show that the value of the induced voltage on the original erythrocyte shape is higher than the one observed on the rest of the altered cell geometries studied. The erythrocyte shape and the membrane electric permittivity are shown to play a fundamental role on the values of the induced transmembrane voltage.

Simulations of biologically realistic neurons in large densely connected networks pose many problems to application programmers, particularly on distributed memory computers. We discuss simulations of hundreds of thousands to millions of cells in a model of neocortex in the context of new computing platforms with many tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of processing elements. We are developing a performance model for this simulation so that we can gauge its performance on these platforms in terms of memory usage, time to setup and execute the simulation, and to estimate the practical limits to the size and simulation timescale available to us in our simulation experiments. Recent results from runs on a BlueGene/L computer, which could ultimately scale to over one hundred thousand processors, are described.

The combination of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) source reconstruction techniques promises to add temporal resolution in the [ms] range to fMRI activation maps. Depending on the available information, different co-registration methods for merging structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) and fMRI coordinate systems may be useful. The usage of scanner coordinates as well as landmark-, surface-, and volume-based registration is discussed. Dipole fits can benefit from fMRI constraints: Meaningful seed points for source locations are obtained. A reconstructed dipole in the vicinity of each fMRI hotspot yields the corresponding source time course. Spatially unconstrained dipoles are then necessary to account for remaining activity. Current density reconstructions react upon fMRI constraints in two ways: Activity in the vicinity of fMRI hotspots is bundled. Remaining activity can be localized correctly, i...