BACS

Every Metro Station Master room is fitted with the local workstation which supervises and controls the station's Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) systems are controlled by Building Automation and Control System (BACS). BACS is a system that controls and monitors Electromechanical Systems like Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), lifts, escalators, fire fighting, lighting, etc. BACS will work either in remote control mode through Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) controls or in stand-alone mode from the station master room. BACS is accountable for the functions influencing public safety, security and health. Thus BACS, should work reliably, safely, securely and competently. The level of quality and safety management required to avoid random and systematic failures in the design and engineering of the BACS is determined by the Safety Integrity Level (SIL). In this paper, the SIL is determined with the help of the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) for the Safety Analysis of BACS in Metro Railway Station based on IEC 61508 and CENELEC EN 50129 standards.

The present research studies were carried out in the Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar to analyze the concentration of the Lead (Pb) in the soil and plant parts (Root and Shoots). Metals were analyzed in the soil of the root zone, in root and shoot of each plant. Phytoremediation potential of the analyzed plants grown in their natural habitats was evaluated by the calculation of Bioconcentration Factor (BCF), Translocation Factor (TF) and Bioaccumulation Coefficient (BAC). Among all fifty plants species only Ten (10) species were found hyper accumulator for Lead. However most of the plant species showed feasibility for the phytoremediation; phytostabilization and phytoextraction of the selected heavy metals. Based on concentration of lead (Pb) in shoots and BCFs, TFs and BACs values twenty (20) plants were found most efficient plants for the phytoextraction of Lead (Pb). These plant species were found efficient for the phytoextraction of lead metal from the analyzed plants and soil. Similarly based on the concentration of the lead in roots and BCFs, TFs and BACs values twenty (20) plants were found efficient for the phytostabilization of lead (Pb). These plants species may be used for the phyto-immobilization of the mentioned metal contaminated soil.