Antiquarian book trade

Abstract

Many medieval manuscripts suffered from antiquarian zeal during the eighteenth-century revival of interest in medieval art: enthusiasts often augmented their own albums and private collections by removing attractive illuminations from manuscript pages, leaving wounded books in their wake. Less familiar is the restorative work of their contemporaries, a small number of facsimilists who repaired such damage by providing replacement paintings and text to compensate the manuscripts for their loss. A rediscovered manuscript in the British Library (Additional MS. 6894) contains some of the earliest known evidence of  manuscript restoration, carried out c. 1792 by Eliza Dennis Denyer. A reconstruction of her biography and work as a restorer reveals a considerable portfolio, focused predominantly on the early printed books that made up the majority of her father’s collection. Attention to two of her most extensive campaigns along with accompanying documentation sheds new light on contemporary attitudes to medieval and early modern objects and suggests that there is a history of conservation practices extending back to the eighteenth century which remains to be written.

"Megaleh Temirin (Revealer of Secrets), ed. Jonatan Meir, Three volumes, Mosad Bialik, Jerusalem

Megaleh Temirin (Revealer of Secrets), first published in Vienna in 1819, is one of the sharpest and wittiest pieces of Jewish literature written in the first half of the nineteenth century, and is perhaps the most important piece of Hebrew prose composed before the stories of Mendele Mocher Seforim. A sly and complex story deriding Hasidism and Hasidim, it is told through the correspondence between the beadles of Hasidic courts and contemporary rabbis, and it presents a dark picture of  avaricious frauds and swindlers whose main concern was control over territory and the souls of believers, a goal achieved by beguiling the authorities and attacking all opponents. Perl lends his book a ‘Hasidic’ feel both in its physical design and in its language, presenting a Maskilic version of In Praise of the Ba’al Shem Tov that lays Hasidism bare so that no reader will ever be able to look at that, or any other Hasidic book, in the same way again. In addition to the book’s satiric sting, which would have been enough to bring its readers a dual pleasure, Perl’s hints at contemporary people and places, hidden within anagrams and numerological tricks. With the unraveling of these clues, which also include the use of actual Hasidic sources, the book is a valuable, contemporary view of historical reality. A meticulous reading of the book may therefore open a window on the hidden worlds of Hasidism and the Haskalah at the start of the nineteenth century.


The first volume (Imagined Hasidism) serves as an introduction to the complex satirical writings of Josef Perl of Tarnopol (1773-1839). At the center of the book stands an analysis of the satires, Megaleh Temirin (1819) and Bochen Tzadik (1838), including a systematic treatment of the ‘characters’ in the central works and a discussion of the dozens of manuscripts to be found in the Perl Archive in Jerusalem. Perl’s writings are analyzed here in the fuller context of Hebrew and Yiddish literature in general and Maskilic and Hasidic literature in particular, as well as other polemical writings and governmental records critical of Hasidism. The study thus presents a complex and nuanced picture of the relationship between literature and history, between the anti-Hasidic reports and the more complicated historical reality, and lays the groundwork for further research into the genre of nineteenth-century Maskilic satire.

The second and third volumes (Megaleh Temirin) present for the first time an annotated edition of Megaleh Temirin. It is based on the first edition and the scattered manuscripts and it includes a comparison to its Yiddish translation. The book is accompanied by appendices on its origins and contents, including fundamental treatments of several passages: an explication of the encoded names, the Hasidic sources used by the author, and the variants found in the manuscripts and in the only edition of the book in Yiddish.

The editor of the book, Professor Jonatan Meir, teaches in the Goldstein-Goren Department of Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University. He has published several articles on the Haskalah of Eastern Europe, Hasidism, and a number of varied topics in twentieth-century Kabbalah.


Contents

Volume 1  - Critical Edition

Concerning this edition
Key personalities
Sefer Megale Temirin – Critical Edition


Volume 2 - Appendixes:
1. Glossary, Abbreviations, Acronyms
2. Explanation of the Speaking Names
3. Perl’s Hasidic Sources
4. Manuscripts of Sefer Megale Temirin
5. Yiddish Introduction to Sefer Megale Temirin
Bibliographic Abbreviations

-------------------------------
Reviews:
(1) Dan Meron, 2013, ‘Megaleh Temirin’, Kivunim Hadashim 29, 55 pages (Hebrew)
(2) David Assaf, 2014, ‘Hasidim will not Read it but Tear it’, Haaretz, Tarbut ve-Sifrut, p .6 (Hebrew) http://onegshabbat.blogspot.co.il/2014/04/blog-post_18.html
(3) Eliezer Brodt, 2014, 'New book Announcement- Megale Temirin', The Seforim Blog http://seforim.blogspot.co.il/2014/01/new-book-announcement-megale-temirin.html
(4) Matan Hermoni, 2014,  הסבתא המופקרת של הספרות העבריתHaaretz, Sfarim (Hebrew) http://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.2382365
(5) Shinichi Yamamoto, 2015, 山本　伸一, "ヨナタン・メイール編著『想像のハシディズム』", ユダヤ・イスラエル研究　第28号  http://www.waseda.jp/assoc-jsjs/jistudies.html
(6) David Biale and David Assaf,, 2015, 'Revealer Revealed', Jewish Review of Books, pp. 17-21  http://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/1454/revealer-revealed/
(7) Hillel Halkin, 2015, "Sex, Magic, Bigotry, Corruption- and the First Hebrew Novel', Mosaic Magazine,  http://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/2015/05/sex-magic-bigotry-corruption-and-the-first-hebrew-novel/
(8) Tomer Persico, 2015, "Interview", Lula'at haEl Blog, http://tomerpersico.com/2015/08/10/meir_perl/

Megaleh Temirin (Revealer of Secrets), first published in Vienna in 1819, is one of the sharpest and wittiest pieces of Jewish literature written in the first half of the nineteenth century, and is perhaps the most important piece of Hebrew prose composed before the stories of Mendele Mocher Seforim. A sly and complex story deriding Hasidism and Hasidim, it is told through the correspondence between the beadles of Hasidic courts and contemporary rabbis, and it presents a dark picture of  avaricious frauds and swindlers whose main concern was control over territory and the souls of believers, a goal achieved by beguiling the authorities and attacking all opponents. Perl lends his book a ‘Hasidic’ feel both in its physical design and in its language, presenting a Maskilic version of In Praise of the Ba’al Shem Tov that lays Hasidism bare so that no reader will ever be able to look at that, or any other Hasidic book, in the same way again. In addition to the book’s satiric sting, which would have been enough to bring its readers a dual pleasure, Perl’s hints at contemporary people and places, hidden within anagrams and numerological tricks. With the unraveling of these clues, which also include the use of actual Hasidic sources, the book is a valuable, contemporary view of historical reality. A meticulous reading of the book may therefore open a window on the hidden worlds of Hasidism and the Haskalah at the start of the nineteenth century.

The first volume (Imagined Hasidism) serves as an introduction to the complex satirical writings of Josef Perl of Tarnopol (1773-1839). At the center of the book stands an analysis of the satires, Megaleh Temirin (1819) and Bochen Tzadik (1838), including a systematic treatment of the ‘characters’ in the central works and a discussion of the dozens of manuscripts to be found in the Perl Archive in Jerusalem. Perl’s writings are analyzed here in the fuller context of Hebrew and Yiddish literature in general and Maskilic and Hasidic literature in particular, as well as other polemical writings and governmental records critical of Hasidism. The study thus presents a complex and nuanced picture of the relationship between literature and history, between the anti-Hasidic reports and the more complicated historical reality, and lays the groundwork for further research into the genre of nineteenth-century Maskilic satire.

The second and third volumes (Megaleh Temirin) present for the first time an annotated edition of Megaleh Temirin. It is based on the first edition and the scattered manuscripts and it includes a comparison to its Yiddish translation. The book is accompanied by appendices on its origins and contents, including fundamental treatments of several passages: an explication of the encoded names, the Hasidic sources used by the author, and the variants found in the manuscripts and in the only edition of the book in Yiddish.

The editor of the book, Professor Jonatan Meir, teaches in the Goldstein-Goren Department of Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University. He has published several articles on the Haskalah of Eastern Europe, Hasidism, and a number of varied topics in twentieth-century Kabbalah.



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


Contents


Introduction                                                                                     
Scholarship on the anti-Hasidic writings of Josef Perl • Hasidic hagiography and the emergence of satire • Two-fold reading of Perl’s writings and the gematriyot • Satire, literature, and history • ‘Holy Books’ and subversive books

Chapter 1: Josef Perl, Rabbi Nathan of Nemirov, and the ‘Holy Books’
Prayer of the fall of Hasidism and the expungement of their books • Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht and the critique of hagiography • Sefer Sipurey Ma‘asiyot and the parodic response to it • Rabbi Nathan of Nemirov, ‘heretical books’ and the ‘Holy Books’ • In praise of the true Tsaddikim • ‘Laughter of the heretics’: testimonies about the polemics against Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht • ‘Holy Books’, ‘sacredness of hagiography’, and parodies of hagiography • Appendix: Parodic manuscript about an opponent of the ‘Holy Books’ who was reborn as a horse

Chapter 2: Speaking Names in Sefer Megale Temirin                             
Time of the composition of Megale Temirin, censorship, and a note on the Buch • Hasidic books and the emergence of parody • Structure of Sefer Megale Temirin • The Introduction to Sefer Megale Temirin • Main Hasidic courts • The court in Żołyń (Łożne) and the peregrinations of the Buch • The court of Dishpal (Międzyboż), moneyboxes of the Besht, the holy relics • The court in Aklo (Olika) and the ritualized reading of Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht • Function of the footnotes and the parodic hagiography • History of the rabbis – clandestine opponents of Hasidism • The Besht in Tarnopol • Rabbi Meir Jacob of Zasław and the letters from Galicja  • Zaddikim in Galicja • Ciphered stories • ‘Holy Places’: reincarnations of a praise from Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht • The revelation of the Buch and the death of the secretary • ‘Gang of criminals’: another death and an escape to the Land of Israel • The End: Ovadia Ben Petahia and the rabbi of Opatów

Chapter 3: Joseph Perl, Hirsh of Zydaczów, and the Polemics of Gematriyot
Reb Zevi Hirsh of Zydaczów and Hasidism in Galicja • Maskilic opposition to the Zydaczówer • Letters concealed in Sefer Megale Temirin • A manuscript about the misdeeds of the Hasidim • Books, education, and a note on Reb Nathan of Nemirov • Zydaczówer’s ban on the Maskilim and the first Gematria • Parodic letter of Perl and the second Gematria • About the parodic letter and the jumble of gematriyot • Denunciation and expulsions of R Zevi Hirsh • ‘Father of impurity’: Joseph Perl and the writings of the rabbi of Komarno • Final note • Appendix: Parodic letter against the Zydaczówer

Chapter 4: Speaking Names in the Book of Sefer Bohen Zaddik               
The manuscript of Sefer Bohen Zaddik and the difficulties with its publication • Structure of the book • In search for the true Zaddik and the rabbi of Opatów • Travels of Ovadia Ben Petahia between the towns of Galicja • Kromcza Ruska (Zaleszczyki) or the entrance to Galicja • ‘Briks’ (Tarnopol): Rabbi Jehoshua Heschel Babad and the school • ‘Bicik’ (Lemberg) Rabbi Jacob Orenstein and a ban on the Maskilim • ‘Abdera’ (Brody) Rabbi Ephraim Zalman Margaliot and Sefer ha-Zoref • The explanation of the names of the rabbis • Utopia and dystopia • The hidden butcher and his kabbalistic writings • The discovery of the colonies • The image of the disciples of the Gaon and the ‘true Hasid’ • ‘The solution for the East’ or heterotopia •  The will to flee and the emissary

Chapter 5: The Imaginary Influence of Sefer Megale Temirin                     
The myth about the success of the book • Pamphlet Megale Sod • The manuscript about the misdeeds of the Hasidim • Dialogues about Sefer Megale Temirin • For whom Sefer Megale Temirin was intended and who read it • Note concerning Sefer Megale Temirin in Yiddish • Influence real and imagined • Was Sefer Shivhe ha-Besht written by a parodist? • Temerl Bergson and Sefer Megale Temirin • Writ of defense of Hasidism • Sefer Megale Temirin and the Hebrew literature • Appendix: writ of defense of Joseph Judah Lob Sossnitz

Afterword: Note on the Anti-Hasidic Outlook                                       

Bibliographic Abbreviations   

Reviews:
(1) Dan Meron, 2013, ‘Megaleh Temirin’, Kivunim Hadashim 29, 55 pages (Hebrew)
(2) David Assaf, 2014, ‘Hasidim will not Read it but Tear it’, Haaretz, Tarbut ve-Sifrut, p .6 (Hebrew) http://onegshabbat.blogspot.co.il/2014/04/blog-post_18.html
(3) Eliezer Brodt, 2014, 'New book Announcement- Megale Temirin', The Seforim Blog http://seforim.blogspot.co.il/2014/01/new-book-announcement-megale-temirin.html
(4) Matan Hermoni, 2014,  הסבתא המופקרת של הספרות העבריתHaaretz, Sfarim (Hebrew) http://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.2382365
(5) Shinichi Yamamoto, 2015, 山本　伸一, "ヨナタン・メイール編著『想像のハシディズム』", ユダヤ・イスラエル研究　第28号  http://www.waseda.jp/assoc-jsjs/jistudies.html
(6) David Biale and David Assaf,, 2015, 'Revealer Revealed', Jewish Review of Books, pp. 17-21  http://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/1454/revealer-revealed/
(7) Hillel Halkin, 2015, "Sex, Magic, Bigotry, Corruption- and the First Hebrew Novel', Mosaic Magazine,  http://mosaicmagazine.com/observation/2015/05/sex-magic-bigotry-corruption-and-the-first-hebrew-novel/
(8) Tomer Persico, 2015, "Interview", Lula'at haEl http://tomerpersico.com/2015/08/10/meir_perl/
(9) Ariel Evan Mayse, 'Review', Jewish History (2015)ת  http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10835-015-9245-2
(10) Review - Gal-Ed

Born in Stuttgart in 1883, Oskar Rescher was a prolific Orientalist of the 20 th century. He lived in both Germany and Istanbul from 1909 to 1925 and settled down in Turkey in 1925. He studied many manuscripts found in private collections, libraries, and secondhand bookstores and sold thousands of manuscripts to various libraries, book antiquarians, and persons in Europe and America. Although the details have yet to be uncovered, Rescher's manuscript sales are still talked about in certain circles; however, his manuscript trade has not been the subject of any study until ours.

This article, which constitutes the fourth phase of a series of studies, draws attention to the 262 manuscripts Rescher sold to the Leipzig University Library between 1925-1934 and provides a list of these manuscripts after discussing the sales process. Thus, this study intends to direct attention to the 262 manuscripts one Orientalist scholar personally selected, evaluated, and sold. As in the example of the Berlin State Library, instead of sending the ordinary manuscripts that could be found almost anywhere, Rescher examined each manuscript and offered the ones that he found valuable in terms of content or physical characteristics. The prices he assigned were very reasonable, and there were librarians in Leipzig who think the future of these manuscripts is in danger and who attempt to collect as many manuscripts as possible.

The list that has been organized with respect to the acquisition dates and numbers of each manuscript specifies the titles and author names. The list also provides the shelf numbers.

1883’te Stuttgart’ta dünyaya gelen şarkiyatçı Osman Reşer (Oskar Rescher), 1909-1925 yıllarında Almanya-İstanbul arasında bir hayat sürmüş, 1925’te Türkiye’ye yerleşmiştir. Türkiye’de özel koleksiyonlarda, kütüphanelerde ve sahaflarda bulunan pek çok yazmayı incelemiş, binlerce yazmayı Avrupa ve Amerika’daki muhtelif kütüphanelere, sahaflara ve şahıslara satmıştır. Detayları söylenmemekle birlikte Reşer’in yazma satışı belli muhitlerde dillendirilegelmiş; fakat –bizim çalışmalarımıza kadar- onun yazma ticareti herhangi bir çalışmaya konu olmamıştır.

Bir dizi çalışmanın dördüncü safhasını teşkil eden bu makalede, Reşer’in 1925-1934 yıllarında Leipzig Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi’ne sattığı 262 yazma ele alınmış, satış prosedürü hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra yazmaların listesi sunulmuştur. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, bir şarkiyat âliminin bizzat seçtiği, değerlendirdiği ve sattığı 262 yazmayı ilim âleminin dikkatine sunma amacındadır. Berlin Devlet Kütüphanesi örneğinde olduğu gibi burada da Reşer, hemen her yerde bulunabilen sıradan yazmaları göndermek yerine her yazmayı incelemiş, muhteva veya fizik açısından kıymetli bulduğu yazmaları teklif etmiştir. Tayin ettiği bedeller çok uygundur. Karşı tarafta ise bu yazmaların geleceğinin tehlikede olduğunu düşünen ve mümkün olduğu kadar çok sayıda yazma toplamaya çalışan kütüphaneciler mevcuttur.

Yazmaların kütüphaneye dâhil oldukları tarih ve numaraya göre tertip edilen listede her bir metnin adı ve müellifi belirtilmiş, ayrıca yazmaların raf numaraları verilmiştir.

La familia Remondini constituye, desde mediados del siglo XVII y hasta bien entrado el siglo XIX uno de los pilares  del mundo editorial  italiano. En 1785, Giuseppe Remondini reedita el "Catalogus recens in varias classes", una edición de la que únicamente se conoce, en España, el ejemplar conservado en la Biblioteca Histórica de la UCM, con signatura BH FLL 2260. En éste se incorporan más de 4000 títulos en lengua latina e italiana, de las materias más diversas y fechadas entre 1552 y 1785, que este editor y sus hijos tenían puestos a la venta en su establecimiento de Venecia en dicho año. Una de sus peculiaridades estriba en la distribución de los libros en "Clases", en función de que se trate de ediciones remondinianas, no remondinianas, Nuevo Rezado y  "Libri da risma" (pliegos sueltos). Junto a ello aparece también un catálogo con más de 700 títulos de libros en francés. La rareza de las ediciones descritas, el volumen cuantitativo del fondo de almacén, los nombres de los autores y los títulos de las obras registradas demuestran que este editor y su familia se encuentran a la vanguardia de la producción, distribución y comercio del libro en la Italia y, por extensión, en la Europa del Antiguo Régimen

From the mid-17th Century to well into the 19th the Remondini family was one of the pillars of the Italian publishing world. In 1785, Giuseppe Remondini republished "Catalogus recens in varias classes", of which a sole copy is conserved in Spain in the Complutense University’s Historical Library, with the identification BH FLL 2260. This catalogue includes more than 4000 titles in Latin and Italian, on totally different subjects and each of them dated between 1552 and 1785, which the editor and his sons had for sale during that year in their Venetian shop. One of the catalogue’s peculiarities is its distribution of the books in “Classes”, as Remondini editions, non-Remondini editions, “Nuevo Rezado” and "Libri da risma" (broadsheets). It is accompanied by a second catalogue, with more than 700 titles of books in French. The rarity of the editions it describes, the size of the shop’s stock, the authors’ names and the titles of the books that are registered show that Remondini and his family were at the forefront of book production, distribution and trade in Italy and, by extension, in the Europe of the Ancien Régime.

On the history in 1913-1914 of the manuscript (now at Yale University Library) of Cotrugli's De navigatione. Draft of the article "Il manoscritto de navigatione di Benedetto Cotrugli in Marciana: cronaca di un acquisto mancato tra 1913 e 1914", published in “Studi Veneziani” n. s. 57 (2009), pp. 549-556 [ISSN 0392-0437].

ABSTRACT: [Original text in German.] Having given a short review of the history of antiquarian book-selling and of letterpress the essay tries to reveal the double meaning of the book as a receptacle of information and a carrier of information whilst looking on the theories of Walter BENJAMIN. The "aura" of an old book may be described as a buying cause for bibliophiles. Regarding the model of capital transformation of Pierre BOURDIEU there are other reasons buying antiquarian books to be seen: the wish to acquire knowledge, and higher social prestige in an honest and also not so honest way with respect on better positioning of the own person within the social hierarchy. At least theoretically the not honest way acquiring social prestige is more easier affordable by persons of the ruling wealthy class. Models for the activities of antiquarian book-sellers are represented by the art-culture-system of James CLIFFORD and the cooperation-convention-modell of Howard Becker. The essay is provided with a comprehensive bibliography. *** Nach kurzem Abriss der Geschichte des Antiquariatshandels und des Buchdrucks eröffnet der Essay den Blick auf den Doppelcharakter des Buches als Informationsgefäß und als Informationsträger, der sich mit Hilfe der BENJAMINschen Auffassung vom Kunstwerk schärfer fassen lässt und die „Aura“ eines alten Buches als ein Kaufgrund für Bibliophile ausmacht. Zieht man das Kapitaltransformationsmodell von BOURDIEU heran, werden andere Kaufgründe von BuchsammlerInnen sichtbar: der Wunsch nach Wissenserwerb, nach erhöhtem Sozialprestige auf lauterem und auf unlauterem Weg zwecks besserer gesellschaftlicher Positionierung der eigenen Person. Der unlautere Weg kann theoretisch besehen am ehesten von VertreterInnen der kapitalkräftigen herrschenden Schicht eingeschlagen werden. Modelle für die Vorgänge im Antiquariatshandel liefern das Art-Culture-System von James CLIFFORD und das Kooperations-Konventionsmodell von Howard BECKER. Der Essay beinhaltet eine umfangreichere Bibliographie.

This article explores changes to the increasingly extensive itinerant book trade from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century and their effects on the circulation of books in late imperial China. Drawing upon historical, literary, and bibliographical records, I demonstrate that itinerant book peddlers functioned as significant intermediaries between centers of book production and consumers of printed matter living in peripheral locations, a role of special significance in a geographically fragmented market lacking any overarching institutional framework. The itinerant traders’ inherently flexible, diffuse, and interactive business practices accorded particularly well with book production through woodblock printing. During the three hundred years from the 1570s to the 1870s, the itinerant book trade grew and diversified. With the growing complexity and stratification of the book market, one group of itinerant booksellers specialized in rare editions and solicited the patronage of literati. These would reach the height of their cultural prominence during the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1735-1796), when the imperially sponsored movement toward evidential scholarship created unprecedented demands for rare books. The compilation of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries also attracted scholars and itinerant booksellers from across the empire to the capital, thus promoting the reorientation of the book market from Jiangnan to Beijing. Reconstructing the dynamic cultural processes of book peddling, this chapter brings attention to the complex, unsystematic, and multi-directional modes of book distribution in late imperial China and, by extension, complicates our understanding of the impact of printing on knowledge production and distribution.

En abril de 1774, tuvo lugar la subasta de la biblioteca de Monsieur Morand, Caballero y Secretario de la Orden del Rey y fundador de la Academia de Cirugía de París. Aficionado al coleccionismo de libros, fue propietario de una importante biblioteca que fue puesta a la venta por sus herederos tras su muerte. Louis-Françoise Prault, editor parisino, fue el encargado de elaborar este catálogo con el fin de ponerla en pública subasta. En él se describen minuciosamente más de dos mil manuscritos, incunables, libros e impresos menores de los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII, de diversas materias, además de publicaciones periódica. También se detalla un calendario de orden de ventas, además de los datos bibliográficos que identifican cada pieza se incluyen así como las particularidades de cada ejemplar. Esta biblioteca patrimonial, especializada en obras de Medicina, albergaba también otras referentes a la Historia, la Teología, Literatura o la Jurisprudencia. El catálogo, clasificado por materias y submaterias demuestra que nos encontramos ante la  biblioteca de un erudito dieciochesco, preocupado por adquirir una cultura enciclopédica en todos los campos del saber, además de ser un reputado bibliófilo.

Dalla sua fondazione nel 1876 la Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele II di Roma ha visto arricchire il proprio patrimonio di alcuni pregevoli volumi, manoscritti e a stampa, legati alla figura del poeta aretino. Focalizzando l’attenzione sui fondi manoscritti Vittorio Emanuele e Varia e sulla collezione degli incunaboli, è possibile individuare un circoscritto ma ragguardevole nucleo di incunaboli (inc. 71.8.D.11.1, 71.8.D.11.2, 70.6.F.2) e codici manoscritti (mss. Varia 3 e Vitt. Em. 945, 999, 1147, 1445, 1632). Il contributo desidera analizzare brevemente tali volumi, che la Nazionale decise di acquistare sul mercato antiquario, collocandoli nel rispettivo contesto di produzione e all’interno del patrimonio odierno della biblioteca romana.

Resumen: Este artículo ofrece un estudio del comercio europeo del libro y de los gustos del público lector a través de la descripción pormenorizada del catálogo de los libros en lengua latina, inglesa, española e italiana que Jean Marie I y Jean Marie II Bruyset, impresores y libreros, tenían puestos a la venta en su establecimiento de Lyon en 1780. Se detalla la clasificación de los fondos por idiomas, haciendo hincapié en la época de las publicaciones, así como las materias de los impresos reseñados. Así mismo se incide, por su particularidad, en las ediciones más significativas y en el grupo de libros en inglés, como muestra del interés de estos libreros por ampliar su negocio y establecer relaciones comerciales con el mercado anglosajón.
Abstract: This article presents a study of the European bookselling trade and the preferences of the readers through a detailed description of the catalogue of the books in Latin, English, Spanish and Italian that were on sale by the printers and booksellers Jean Marie I and Jean Marie II Bruyset. A language classification of the book stock is detailed, emphasasing both the period of publication and the subject of the reviewed prints. Furthermore, due to its singularity, the most significant editions and group of books in English are closely viewed as a sign of the interest these booksellers had in order to expand their business and develop trade relations with the Anglo-Saxon market.

Web resource mapping the various locations of Jacob Albert Sjöblom's (1849-1922) commercial lending library library in Lund, as well as the known addresses and loans of around 150 of his customers. In all, the names and titles of ca. 700 library customers have been preserved in archival sources, but most of these names lack information on the residential addresses of the customers.

The color coding represents the number of books individual customers have borrowed. Red = 1, Yellow = 2, Green = 3 or more.

The cursors contain the known information on the loan: first the title, name and full address of the customer, and in the details-section all available info on the books: Title of the book, author's name, dates the book was printed and last the date the customer borrowed the book: Example: "Frithiofs saga Tegnér, Esaias. 1825 14-09-84". In some cases extra info is added, for example details on payments "betalat 15 öre" or extra addresses.

J. A. Sjöblom ran a combined antiquarian bookshop and lending library, and until it finally closed in 2017 it was the oldest antiquarian bookshop in Sweden still in business. Sjöblom closed the commercial lending library ca. 1904 and operated the bookshop until his death in 1922.

For more information on Sjöblom's library or on the Swedish book market and reading public of the late nineteenth century, see Henning Hansen's dissertation "Modern Reading" (https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/12397)

The ascendance to power of the National Socialist Party 1933 was a deep, destructive incision into the entire German literary culture. The Nazis denounced all who did not follow the new totalitarian regime as "un-German" or "Jewish", excluded them from social, cultural and economic life, closed their companies, confiscated their property and money, persecuted the former owners, their families and employees, deprived them of their existence, and drove them into exile. Thousands of authors, artists, musicians, scientists were forced to leave the country, among them hundreds of publishers, booksellers, literary agents, auctioneers, and rare book dealers. In England, specifically in London, they tried to find asylum and to build up a new existence. Some of them failed, others succeeded, established new companies, and played an important role in exile, in their new home countries, and in the international antiquarian book trade.