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2014 •
2016 •
In an increasingly globalized world climate change is becoming an ever-pressing matter. A 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that climate changes threatens to destabilize ecosystems, weaken food security and precipitate severe water shortages (IPCC, 2007). Because of this and the effects of globalization, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent on the international agenda over the last fifty years. As environmental problems transcend national boundaries, they come to be a feature of international politics. This situation is rendered all the more unsustainable by the rise of new pollutants, like China and India (Vogler, 2011, p. 348). China has experienced a remarkable period of economic high growth over the last decades. Even though this is generally seen as a good thing, the rapid economic development also has its downside. In recent years a serious degradation of the environment took place in China (Wang, 2007). China is the biggest emitter of carbon emissions in the world. Emissions transcend national boundaries, which makes this a global problem. However, China has been very reluctant to sign treaties or make any form of concessions. Therefore I will analyze the position of China in international climate politics through various theoretical frameworks. In order to explain the position of China two theories are used: classical realism and neoliberal institutionalism. The way I would like to conduct my research has led to the following research question: To what extent can China’s position in climate negotiations be explained through classical realism and neoliberal institutionalism? I will use the variable treaties to give my research more focus. I will first map the climate treaties and earlier compliances by China. I will focus on the Kyoto protocol and the Copenhagen summit. Afterwards I will analyze them through a realist and neoliberal institutionalist perspective. However, before I can answer my research question it must first be identified what the effects are of the Chinese position to international climate negotiations. Therefore a sub-question needs to be answered first: What are the effects of the Chinese position on climate negotiations? In this sub-question there is an independent and a dependent variable. The independent variable is the Chinese position in climate negotiations, the dependent variable are the effects. After answering this sub-question and examining the variables I can proceed to answer my general research question. The hypothesis to my research question is: the current position of China in international climate negotiations is more of a puzzle for neoliberal institutionalism than for classical realism. In order to answer this question I have divided this article in various sections. Firstly I will provide a description of China’s position in the area of climate politics. I will also look at the effects of china’s position on international climate negotiations. Afterwards I’ll examine the effects, and thirdly I will give a brief description of the theoretical framework of classical realism and neoliberal institutionalism. I will apply these theories to climate treaties, in particular to the Kyoto protocol and the Copenhagen protocol and the effect of these treaties. In this article I argue that the current position of China in international climate negotiations is more of a puzzle for neoliberal institutionalism than for classical realism. This is because climate negotiations take the form of a zero-sum game. Most countries will pursue relative gains. The most important effect of China’s position on international climate negotiations is that they are hindering a solid agreement, but they do however have the capacity to contribute in knowledge and innovative factors.
2009 •
Climate change has reached the apex of the global agenda at a time when China faces significant development and energy security challenges. The political leadership and leading intellectuals are debating the direction of a new development pathway that provides both growth to meet development objectives, and dramatically reduces energy intensity and pollution. While the official position has not changed significantly, there are four key aspects that illustrate how climate change is conceived by the Chinese leadership. This signals that China may come to play a much more important role in global mitigation of climate change than was thought only a couple of years ago.
China: An International Journal
China's Diplomatic Strategy towards Climate Change Negotiations in the Post-Paris Agreement Era2020 •
This article investigates Beijing’s new policy in its domestic implementations and international negotiations on climate change in the post-Paris Agreement era. As the 2015 Paris Agreement is an implementing agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), China’s signature and ratification, as the country is the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide, are critical not only to the entry into force of the Paris Agreement, but also to its exercise of obligations and influence in climate diplomacy. Reviewing China’s National Policy on climate change, this article considers that China has not only planned its strategy to incorporate “global energy interconnection” in “One Belt, One Road” Initiatives a part of China’s global energy reform, but also announced its 2030 Agenda as its low carbon road map to fight climate change, both of which echo the aims of the Paris Agreement regarding “mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage, financial support, capacity-building, and technical facilitation”.
Spanish Yearbook of International Law
Evolving China in the Global Climate Norm-Making: Development Models, National Roles and International Contexts2021 •
Journal of Contemporary China
China’s Climate Change Policy Process: Improved but Still Weak and Fragmented2010 •
The essay aims at conducting China's changing climate change governance on both domestic and international levels. The essay approaches this puzzle by identifying explanatory factors that have shaped the astonishing shift the most. The analysis will trace back this shift for a timeframe of five years between 2009 and 2014.
The Kyoto Protocol in 1997 which required the developed countries to reduce green-house gases emission was one of the historic international agreements on climate change. Nevertheless, it did not bear much fruit without the participation of the United States. For this reason, many observers urge that a new international agreement should be made urgently. The COP 21 in Paris was hence highly anticipated. Prior to the conference, each participant country was invited to make pledges of carbon emission reduction according to their respective capabilities, known as ‘Intended Na-tionally Determined Contributions’ (INDC). Although some NGO studies doubt the effectiveness of all the INDCs to limit the world temperature increase below 2 Celsius Degree, the bottom-up approach implied by the concept of INDC is seen as more practical and promising to the climate change problem. As the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases and the world’s second largest economy, China has become an important force that heavily influences the failure or success of the cooperation on climate change. In this paper, I discuss the role of China in the making of Paris Agreement, the reasons for China’s activeness in forging international cooperation on climate change, and the challenges it faces in taking action against climate change.
International journal of engineering research and technology
Compressed Liquid Air Propelled Engine2019 •
Peeters Publishers eBooks
The Ethics of Care as a Politics of the Ordinary2020 •
2020 •
Psychological Services
Helping veterans with mental illness overcome civil legal issues: Collaboration between a veterans affairs psychosocial rehabilitation center and a nonprofit legal center2013 •
2018 •
2017 •
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
Effect of Nitrogen and Foliar Application of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on Growth and Yield of Baby corn (Zea mays L.)2021 •
Bioinformatics
xGAP: a python based efficient, modular, extensible and fault tolerant genomic analysis pipeline for variant discovery2021 •
Diseño de una cartilla en educación financiera para las microempresas de la localidad Antonio Nariño (Bogotá D.C.)
Diseño de una cartilla en educación financiera para las microempresas de la localidad Antonio Nariño (Bogotá D.C.)International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)
Programme D’Éducation Bilingue Spécial (Pebs) Au Cameroun : État Des Lieux, Opportunités et Défis2013 •