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The paper aims at analyzing the concept of politeness in some Italian books of manners (galatei) written in a stretch of time going from the period after the First World War up to the 1970s. The main aim is to show that galatei – wrongly neglected in pragmatic research – express a complex concept of politeness, which is not only of a normative type but includes also strategic and instrumental components. This implies that the galatei perspective on politeness encompasses a certain awareness that people abide by the social code of good manners for a multiplicity of reasons that vary in relation to the wider political, ideological and socio-cultural changes occurring in a given society Keywords: Politeness, Books of Manners, Morality, Positive and Negative Face.
Between 1800 and 1920, 186 conduct books are printed in Italy, totalling at least 450 editions. (Im)politeness rules and formulae are found in 22 sources; we compare them with present-day (im)politeness strategies (Brown and Levinson, Leech, Culpeper, Bousfield). Whilst there are numerous similarities with 21st century Italian, formulae in the context of deference, attentiveness and requests refer to an older politeness model, based on social class hierarchy.
This edited collection investigates historical linguistic politeness and impoliteness. Although some research has been undertaken uniting politeness and historical pragmatics, it has been sporadic at best, and often limited to traditional theoretical approaches. This is a strange state of affairs, because politeness plays a central role in the social dynamics of language. This collection, containing contributions from renowned experts, aims to fill this hiatus, bringing together cutting-edge research. Not only does it illuminate the language usage of earlier periods, but by examining the past it places politeness today in context. Such a diachronic perspective also affords a further test-bed for current models of politeness. This volume provides insights into historical aspects of language, particularly items regularly deployed for politeness functions, and the social, particularly interpersonal, contexts with which it interacts. It also sheds light on how (social) meanings are dynamically constructed in situ, and probes various theoretical aspects of politeness. Its papers deploy a range of multilingual (e.g. English, Spanish, Italian and Chinese) diachronic data drawn from different genres such as letters, dramas, witch trials and manners books.
This paper takes four frameworks for understanding linguistic politeness (Brown and Levinson, Watts, Terkourafi, Hall) and tests each on the same corpus to see whether they yield results that are useful and/or in keeping with the other information we have about the material. The corpus used consists of 661 polite requests made in letters by a single Roman author, Cicero. The results demonstrate first that politeness theories are helpful as explanatory tools even in dealing with very well-known material, and second that no one theory is best: different theories are more and less useful in answering different questions about the data. It is therefore suggested that the use of multiple frameworks will provide the best understanding of the data.
1992 •
Politeness in and across Historical Europe Edited by Annick Paternoster, Gudrun Held and Dániel Z. Kádár [Journal of Historical Pragmatics 24:1]
Introduction: Politeness in and across Historical Europe2023 •
Schiffrin's (1981) paper on handwork is an early attempt to come up with a description of the communicative significance of the quasi universal greeting and leave-taking ritual, the handshake. She follows Goffman (1971: 80) in viewing the gesture, on greeting, as an 'access ritual', increasing intimacy and thus, carrying rights and obligations for both parties. Her description aligns the modern day handshake with its roots in ancient Greece, with the medieval 'handclasp' between a king and his knights, and associates it with such values as 'mutual trust', 'solidarity' and 'friendliness'. As a form of non-verbal communication the handshake must concern researchers of politeness phenomena , as well as being of general sociological (and socio-linguistic) interest. This study proposes to add some data to Schiffrin's theoretical considerations, and to add an intercultural dimension by means of a survey conducted online with Italian and Brit...
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