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2020, Международная научная конференция памяти Ю. Л. Щаповой. Москва, Россия, 28–30 мая 2020 года = Yu. L. Shchapova International Memorial Conference. Moscow, Russia, 28–30 May 2020
Poster
The article introduces the results of the study of beads originating from Dubrovskiy burial ground – one of the new sites of the Mazunino time in the Middle Kama region. The collection of beads from the Dubrovskiy burial ground contained 3018 beads, and 2992 of them were used for classification and divided into 32 types. The authors offer descriptions of beads and the findings of the quantitative analysis of their frequency in graves, as well as their location related to the buried body. Specific uses of beads by male and female groups of the paleopopulation who left this necropolis is considered. The beads are found almost in every third burial. While more than half of them contained 1–3 beads, almost one fifth of the burials had more than a hundred beads. The big number of beads, as a rule, is associated with female head dresses, which were decorated by 1–2 rows of bead strings along the lower trim, or where beads were combined with metal elements. Apparently, different types of headdress reflect the gender and age of the buried. In addition, the beads were often used in temple pendants, which were part of a gift set or a headdress. Large beads were included in belt set of swords and (or) knives, with a number of knives found not only in the graves of men but also women of mature age (25–45 years).
The article presents a morpho-technological analysis of glass beads collection from the Dubrovskiy burial ground – one of the new sites of the Mazunino time in the Middle Kama region. The burial ground features distinct planning, similar form and placement of burials, rather large graves, distinct male and female funerary items. Acсording to preliminary gender and age analysis, proportions of men and women are fairly similar, children and teenagers burials make only about one fifth of all graves. Beads are found in every third burial. Morpho-technological characteristics of the Dubrovskiy burial ground beads are similar to the Middle Kama region sites dating to I millennium AD: dominance of the turquoise glass beads, made by cutting a glass tube, small percentage of beads made by cutting a stick, beads made by winding. Funerary collections’ features include presence of distinct female headdresses, decorated with bronze detailing and beads, low quantity of beads with metallic cushion and total absence of decorated beads. The North Black Sea region seems to be the main source of beads in the Kama region at the time. В статье приведены результаты морфо-технологического анализа коллекции стеклянных бус, происходящих из Дубровского могильника – одного из новых памятников мазунинского времени в Среднем Прикамье. Могильник характеризуется четкой планиграфической ситуацией, единообразием формы и ориентировки могил, довольно крупными размерами ям, выразительностью сопровождающего инвентаря со специфическими «мужскими» и «женскими» комплектами. По предварительным данным половозрастного анализа, количество мужчин и женщин на погребальном поле примерно одинаково, на долю детей и подростков приходится менее пятой части могил. Бусы обнаружены в каждом третьем погребении. По морфо-технологическим характеристикам коллекция бус Дубровского могильника обладает чертами, общими для памятников Среднего Прикамья первой половины I тыс. н.э.: доминирование бирюзового стеклянного бисера, изготовленного методом разрезания тянутой трубочки; незначительность доли бус, выполненных из тянутой палочки; присутствие бус, изготовленных способом навивки. Среди особенностей инвентарных наборов данного могильника отмечено наличие выразительных женских головных уборов, украшенных бронзовыми деталями и бисером, малое количество бус с металлической прокладкой и полное отсутствие декорированных бус. Основным источником поступления бус в Прикамье в это время, по-видимому, было Северное Причерноморье.
Annales du 19e Congrès de l’Association Internationale pour l’Histoire du Verre
Glass Beads from the Barrow Grave in the Greater Moscow Area Dated from 17th and 18th century2015 •
In 2008 the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) performed safeguarding archaeological work in Solnechnogorsk district of Moscow region. An isolated barrow grave was discovered in the course of the work. Two female burials were discovered inside. The accompanying inventory, including glass beads (878 specimens) allowed dating the mound to the 17th or 18th century. The bulk of the glass beads are colorless and colored seed beads (white, yellow, green, indigo, turquoise, red-brown and purple, 840 specimens) made by dividing up the drawn tubes. Flat oval beads of opaque white and gray glass and transparent blue-green glass made by winding (37 specimens) were found in addition to the seed beads. The study of the chemical composition of beads suggested that the beads of indigo, red-brown, white, purple, turquoise and colorless glass can be traced to the Venetian production. Green and yellow seed beads and flat oval beads can be regarded as a product of European factories, particularly Dutch. The beads in question were found in one of two discovered burials containing a female aged about 20 years. All of them were located in the waist area of the female to the right of the spine, near the right elbow. The hairstyle of the buried female has been reconstructed as the hair was intact: a single braid descending down the spine. The location of beads in the burial suggest that the beads may have been part of the decoration of the braid, the so-called kosnik (from Russian “kosa” for braid). Kosnik is a complex decoration, in which a bronze or leather ring-holder or metal signet rings held a strings of beads, a beaded rigid leather or textile base, also decorated with textile ribbons and tassels made from beads and seed beads.
Society of Bead Researchers website
Researching the World’s Beads: An Annotated Bibliography. Archaeometric Analysis -- Updated 7/7/242024 •
This portion of the bibliography deals with the determination of the chemical properties and composition of beads of all materials from around the world, as well as their dating and sourcing.
Society of Bead Researchers website
Researching the World’s Beads: An Annotated Bibliography. General and Miscellaneous -- Updated 7/7/242024 •
The items listed here are either of a general or specialized nature that do not readily fit in any of the other sections.
2013 •
During the excavation of Hrísbrú 1995-2010 altogether 40 beads were recovered. In Iceland beads have been found from just under settlement sites from the Viking Age, amounting to over 180 beads. Excavations have often recovered 1-3 beads at any one site but the number per site has been going up in the last few years with more rigorous recovery methods. Nonetheless Hrísbrú has the largest bead collection found from such sites in Iceland. Even if part of this can no doubt be explained by more thorough excavation methods the beads from Hrísbrú also bare witness to a wealthy household, not only by the high number of beads which was a luxtury item, but also by the types of beads found as will be discussed below. The beads from Hrísbrú were examined both macroscopically and with the aid of a Leica MZ 6 microscope at 40X magnification. The beads were classified according to Johan Callmers system of Scandinavian beads with reference to Icelandic parallels (Callmer 1977; Hreiðarsdóttir 2005).
About hundred out of three hundred colored beads excavated from the necropolis of Antsiraka Boira (AB), in Mayotte Island (12-13th c.) were classified according to Wood’s morphological criteria and studied with a portable Raman spectrometer (532nm). Based on the recorded spectra, 22 beads were identified as representative and further analyzed in the laboratory with High-Resolution Raman spectrometers, using wavelengths of 458, 633 and 785nm. Additional SEM-EDS analysis was carried out on the surface and, sometimes, the bead cross-section. It turns out that white beads are made of aragonite and that almost all other beads have a soda glass matrix. Pyrochlore (yellow), amber/“Fe-S” (black), manganese oxide (black), copper metal nanoparticles (red), and Cu2+ ions (turquoise) chromophores were identified. Some red, yellow, black and turquoise beads also show the signature of chromium-doped tin sphene that could therefore be used as a marker. Most beads from the AB site can be classified as “Indo-Pacific”, revealing a similarity with the contemporary South African site of K2 (close to Mapungubwe). However, some red and black beads are similar to molten ceramic beads from the Vohemar Islamic necropolis (13-17th century AD, Madagascar Island). The on-site Raman analysis appears sufficient for the identification of chromophores and glass types.
The beads from 33 inhumation burials at Gnezdovo burial mound are examined in the article. The beads (total 367) were crafted from stretched tube (258), stretched stick (3), winding (45), press molding (2 pcs.), welding (2 pcs.), and mosaic beads (9 pcs.). The burial mound contains virtually no broken beads, including the settlement's most common yellow glass beads. Besides glass beads, cornelian, crystal, amber and faience beads have been registered among the burial mound material, as well as beads crafted with metal. Apart from beads, grave inventories contained a series of pendants with a bead strung on a wire ring. The considered complexes contain five pendants of this type. Besides Gnezdovo, similar pendants have been discovered in Kiev, Timerev, Pskov and Vladimir barrows. A comparison between bead sets from Gnezdovo and Kiev burial mounds allows to conclude that the general composition and occurrence frequency of beads is identical for these burials. At the same time, beads crafted with rock crystal, cornelian and metal are more frequently discovered in Kiev inhumations.
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