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2015, Lingualumina
Lingualumina is a very strange artificial language designed by Frederick William Dyer in the 19th century. This is the handout for a talk on this language given at the Sydney Language Festival, which took place on August 29-30, 2015.
information about technology and language.
The paper tries to answer several frequently asked questions.
Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology - HLT '93, 1993
This book is an introduction to the study of human language across the planet. It is concerned with the immense variety among the languages of the world, as well as the common traits that cut across the differences. The book presents a number of analytic tools for comparing and contrasting different languages, and for seeing any one particular language in a larger linguistic perspective. The book attempts to avoid eurocentrism, the excessive focus on European languages often found in introductions to linguistics. Although, for ease of presentation, examples are often drawn from English, a large variety of languages from all continents are drawn into the discussion whenever this helps to broaden our perspective. This global focus is reflected in the choice of topics. Apart from a chapter introducing the four traditional branches of linguistics (semantics, syntax, morphology and phonology), this book is primarily interested in the following seemingly simple questions: 1. How and why do languages resemble each other? 2. How and why do languages differ from each other? These questions are dealt with, from different angles, in the chapters on language universals, linguistic typology, language families and language contact. The chapter on language variation moves the focus from inter-language to intra-language comparison. Finally, the chapter on writing discusses similarities and differences in the ways in which various cultures have used a visual medium to represent and augment the auditory signals of speech. The book is primarily concerned with natural languages that function as full-fledged mother tongues for larger or smaller groups of people. It is less concerned with the clearly artificial and highly restricted languages of, for instance, mathematics, formal logic or computer programming. The line of division is not always clear. While the word one belongs to English, the number 1 belongs to mathematics; and while the words if and then belong to English, the logical operator if-then belongs to formal logic and computer programming. At the heart of our concern lies the spoken language. All natural languages are spoken, while to this day many of them have no written form. Unlike most textbooks in linguistics, however, this book will also devote a whole chapter to writing, which may be seen as an extension of speech. On the other hand, it will have little to say about forms of language that are based on gestures rather than speech, such as body language or the sign languages of the deaf.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ: "СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ: ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ТРАДИЦИЙ И ИННОВАЦИЙ II"
Linguopragmatics is one of the most promising areas of modern linguistics. As an integral part, it is included in the theory of language and is studied in the course of general linguistics. In this case, we aim to show how this theoretical discipline can be applied to the facts of speech, sometimes familiar, sometimes unexpected for the reader.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2018
Artificial languages -- languages which have been consciously designed -- have been created for more than 900 years, although the number of them has increased considerably in recent decades, and by the early 21st century the total figure probably was in the thousands. There have been several goals behind their creation; the traditional one (which applies to some of the best-known artificial languages, including Esperanto) is to make international communication easier. Some other well-known artificial languages, such as Klingon, have been designed in connection with works of fiction. Still others are simply personal projects. A traditional way of classifying artificial languages involves the extent to which they make use of material from natural languages. Those artificial languages which are created mainly by taking material from one or more natural languages are called a posteriori languages (which again include well-known languages such as Esperanto), while those which do not use natural languages as sources are a priori languages (although many a posteriori languages have a limited amount of a priori material, and some a priori languages have a small number of a posteriori components). Between these two extremes are the mixed languages, which have large amounts of both a priori and a posteriori material. Artificial languages can also be classified typologically (as natural languages are) and by how and how much they have been used. Many linguists seem to be biased against research on artificial languages, although some major linguists of the past have been interested in them.
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