Evil against evil. The Demon Pazuzu

EVIL AGAINST EVIL. THE DEMON PAZUZU 357 NILS P. HEEßEL Evil against Evil The Demon Pazuzu There is a scene in the 1973 Hollywood block-buster “The Exorcist”, in which an elderly American archaeologist studies some recently excavavgf"qdlgevu"kp"vjg"Oquwn"qhÝeg"qh"vjg"Ktcsk"Cpvkswkvkgu"Fgrctvogpv"cpf"jku" Ktcsk"eqnngciwg"tgoctmu"cu"jg"vcmgu"wr"vjg"hgtqekqwu"nqqmkpi"enc{"tgrtgugpvcvkqp"qh"c"fgoqp<"Ðgxkn"cickpuv"gxknÑ0"Kv"yqwnf"dg"fkhÝewnv"vq"Ýpf"oqtg" uwkvcdng"cpf"ujqtvgt"yqtfu"vq"ecrvwtg"vjg"guugpeg"qh"vjg"fgoqp"Rc¦w¦w." whose image the archaeologists are talking about. Pazuzu, a Babylonian cpf"Cuu{tkcp"fgoqp"qh"vjg"Ýtuv"oknngppkwo"D0"E0."ycu"eqpukfgtgf"vq"tgrtgugpv"c"xkqngpv"ykpf"vjcv"dtqwijv"fguvtwevkqp"vq"pcvwtg"cpf"jwocpmkpf." dwv"qp"vjg"qvjgt"jcpf"jg"ycu"ghhgevkxg"vq"tgrgn"qvjgt"fgoqpu."yjkej"ocfg" jku"kocig"c"rqrwnct"apotropaion of his time. I. The demon Pazuzu – a short introduction1 Rc¦w¦wÓu"ciitguukxg"ejctcevgt"ku"urngpfkfn{"knnwuvtcvgf"d{"jku"keqpqitcrj{20"C"okzvwtg"qh"vjgtkqoqtrjke"cpf"cpvjtqrqoqtrjke"gngogpvu"eqortkugu"jku"hcekcn"hgcvwtgu"*Ýi0"33). Most notable are a rectangular form of vjg"jgcf."ecrtkfke"jqtpu."ecpkpg"lcyu"ykvj"vjg"vggvj"cpf"vqpiwg"ujqyp." cpf"nctig."tqwpf"g{gu"ugv"fggr"wpfgt"vjkem"g{gdtqyu0"C"jqtk¦qpvcnn{"ewv" human beard, human ears, round bulges on his head, and a throat marked by horizontal lines are further features characteristic of this demon. A rtqnqpigf."uocnn."cnoquv"hcokujgf"ecpkpg"dqf{"ykvj"rtqvtwfkpi"tkdu."jwman or animal thighs and bird’s talons, human shoulders and arms ending kp"vjg"encyu"qh"c"rtgfcvqt"ctg"tgrtgugpvcvkxg"cu"ygnn"*Ýi0"4+0"Vyq"rcktu"qh" dktfÓu"ykpiu"qp"jku"dcem."c"rgpku"gtgevwu"gpfkpi"kp"c"upcmgÓu"jgcf."cpf"vjg" 1 This introduction serves only to convey a basic understanding of this demon and necguuctkn{"jcu"vq"qokv"ocp{"fgvcknu0"Hqt"c"fgvckngf"fguetkrvkqp"qh"vjku"fgoqp"ugg"P0R0"Jgǧgn." Pazuzu. Archäologische und philologische Studien zu einem altorientalischen Dämon"*Cpekgpv" Magic and Divination 4), Brill, Leiden - Boston - Köln 2002, and F.A.M. Wiggermann, Pazuzu, kp"F0"Q0"Gf¦ctf"*gf0+."Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 10, De Itw{vgt."Dgtnkp"/"Pgy"[qtm"4225/4227."rr0"593/5:30" 2 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0";/440 3 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."pq0"84"*c"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"hqwpf"kp"Pkotwf."pqy"kp"vjg"Cujoqngcp" Owuwgo"3;73055+0"Pqvg"vjcv"vjg"rkevwtg"kp"ibid.."r0"442"pq0"84."fwg"vq"cp"qxgtukijv"d{"vjg"rwdnkujgt."ku"cevwcnn{"pq0":2."vjg"eqttgev"rkevwtg"hqt"pq0"84"ku"rwdnkujgf"jgtg0" SMSR 77 (2/2011) 357-368 57: NILS P. HEEßEL vckn"qh"c"ueqtrkqp"eqorngvg"Rc¦w¦wÓu"keqpqitcrj{0"Yjkng"vjg"keqpqitcrj{" qh"vjg"jgcf"ku"fkuvkpev"cpf"v{rkecn"hqt"Rc¦w¦w."vjg"keqpqitcrj{"qh"jku"dqf{" ku" ujctgf" d{" c" pwodgt" qh" fgoqpu0"Vjku" korqtvcpeg" qh" vjg" jgcf" hqt" vjg" kfgpvkÝecvkqp"qh"Rc¦w¦w"ku"knnwuvtcvgf"d{"vjg"hcev."vjcv"vjg"oclqtkv{"qh"vjg" fgoqpÓu"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"qpn{"eqpukuv"qh"vjg"jgcf."yjkej"ku"wugf"pars pro toto for this demon. Pazuzu heads are made of stone, metal, glass, frit cpf"jqtp."dwv"oquv"qhvgp"ukorn{"qh"enc{40"Kp"vjg"oclqtkv{"qh"ecugu"Rc¦w¦w" jgcfu"crrgct"cu"vjg"cowngv"kvugnh."uqogvkogu"vjg{"ctg"cvvcejgf"vq"e{nkpfgt" qt"uvcor"ugcnu."Ýdwncg."qt"uocnn"cowngvu0"Hwnn"Ýiwtg"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"ctg" uvcpfkpi" qt" etqwejkpi" uvcvwgvvgu" cpf" tgevcpiwnct" cowngvu0" Enc{" oqfgnu" hqt"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu"cpf"kp"qpg"kpuvcpeg"hqt"c"hwnn/Ýiwtg"cowngv"cu"ygnn"cu" kfgpvkecn"enc{"jgcfu"knnwuvtcvg"vjg"hcev."vjcv"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"ygtg" rtqfwegf"kp"ocuugu0"Cffkvkqpcnn{."tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"qh"Rc¦w¦w."gkvjgt"hwnn/ Ýiwtg"qt"qpn{"vjg"jgcf."crrgct"tgiwnctn{"qp"cowngvu"fgrkevkpi"vjg"fgoqness Lamaštu. Fig. 1:"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"*P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu, cit., no. 62). One of the mysteries of this demon is his early history. Several difhgtgpv"gzrncpcvkqpu"jcxg"dggp"rwv"hqtyctf"hqt"jku"uwffgp."keqpqitcrjkecnn{"hwnn{"fgxgnqrgf"crrgctcpeg"kp"vjg"Ýtuv"oknngppkwo"D0"E0"Yjkng"vjgtg" uggou" vq" dg" cp" keqpqitcrjke" eqppgevkqp" vq" ncvg" tgrtgugpvcvkqpu" qh" vjg" Gi{rvkcp"iqf"Dgu."c"rquukdng"Oguqrqvcokcp"qtkikp"ecppqv"dg"gzenwfgf5. 4 "Hqt"vjg"ocvgtkcnu"wugf"hqt"ocpwhcevwtkpi"cpf"hqt"vjg"fkhhgtgpv"mkpfu"qh"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"ugg"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"63/72"cpf"337/38;0 5 "Hqt"vjg"keqpqitcrjke"nkpm"vq"Dgu"ugg"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"43h0"cpf"C0"Itggp." Hell’s Angels: Zur Ikonographie des Todes in der neuassyrischen und neubabylonischen Bild- EVIL AGAINST EVIL. THE DEMON PAZUZU 359 Vjg"gctnkguv"ugewtgn{"fcvcdng"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"uvgo"htqo"vjg"tq{cn" vqodu"kp"Mcn沼w"*Pkotwf+."yjkej"ecp"dg"fcvgf"vq"vjg"gpf"qh"vjg":th century D0E0."yjkng"vjg"gctnkguv"tghgtgpeg"vq"Rc¦w¦w"kp"vgzvu"ku"hqwpf"kp"c"ngvvgt" fcvgf"vq"ctqwpf"892"D0E0"Oquv"qh"vjg"jgcfu."cowngvu"cpf"uvcvwgvvgu"ecp" be attributed to the 7th and 6th"egpvwt{"D0E0."cpf"vjg"ncvguv"ygtg"hqwpf"kp" Ugngwekf"eqpvgzvu0"Lwuv"nkmg"Rc¦w¦wÓu"uwffgp"crrgctcpeg"jcu"tckugf"swgutions about his origin, so does his after-life as several later demonic beings have been connected with Pazuzu6. Yjkng"Rc¦w¦w"ycu"c"tgncvkxg"ncvg/eqogt"vq"Oguqrqvcokc"cpf"Þqwtkujgf" qpn{" c" hgy" egpvwtkgu." vjg" itgcv" pwodgt" qh" tgrtgugpvcvkqpu" cpf" vjgkt"ykfg"igqitcrjkecn"fkuvtkdwvkqp"knnwuvtcvg"jku"gzvtgog"rqrwnctkv{" kp" vjg" okffng" qh" vjg" Ýtuv" oknngppkwo" D0" E0" Rc¦w¦w" tgrtgugpvcvkqpu" were found in great numbers in Babylonia and Assyria7, but also in Westkunst."kp"ÅCnvqtkgpvcnkuejg"HqtuejwpigpÇ"4914*4222+."rr0"464/472"cpf"hqt"Oguqrqvcokcp"rtgewtuqtu"eqorctg"H0C0O0"Ykiigtocpp."The Four Winds and the Origins of Pazuzu."kp"E0"Yknemg" et al."*gfu0+."Das geistige Erfassen der Welt im Alten Orient: Sprache, Religion, Kultur und Gesellschaft."Jcttcuuqykv¦."Ykgudcfgp"4229."rr0"347/3870 6 See M. Hutter, Review to N.P. Heeßel, Pazuzu, in «Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und xqtfgtcukcvkuejg"Ctej“qnqikgÇ";6*4224+."rr0"532/534="H0C0O0"Ykiigtocpp."The Four Winds and the Origins of Pazuzu."ekv0="W0"Icddc{."The King of the Demons: Pazuzu, Bagdana and Ašmedai, in: W. Horowitz et al."*gfu0+."A Woman of Valor: Jerusalem Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Joan Goodnick Westenholz"*Dkdnkqvgec"fgn"Rt„zkoq"Qtkgpvg"Cpvkiwq":+." EUKE."Ocftkf"4232."rr0"79/950 7 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."nkuvu"386"fkhhgtgpv"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu0"Ukpeg"vjku"rwdnkecvkqp"swkvg"c"pwodgt"qh"pgy"cu"ygnn"cu"c"hgy"qxgtnqqmgf"gzcorngu"jcxg"dggp"kfgpvkÝgf0"C"ukping" ectpgnkcp"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf."c"iqnfgp"Ýdwnc"ykvj"c"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"cpf"c"ejckp"qh"uocnn"i{ruwo"Rc¦w¦w" jgcfu" cpf" uvcvwgvvgu" htqo" vjg" vqodu" qh"Cuu{tkcp" swggpu" kp" Pkotwf" jcxg" dggp" rwdnkujgf" kp" M.M. Hussein - A. Suleiman, Nimrud. A City of Golden Treasures."Fktgevqtcvg"qh"Cpvkswkvkgu" cpf"Jgtkvcig."Dcijfcf"4222."rr0"432."435"cpf"43;0"C"enc{"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"hqwpf"kp"c"itcxg"htqo" Vgnn"Cdcdtc"ycu"ocfg"rwdnke"d{"D0"R nn."Ein Pazuzu-Kopf aus Tell Ababra, in R. Rollinger *gf0+."Von Sumer bis Homer, Fs. M. Schretter"*Cnvgt"Qtkgpv"wpf"Cnvgu"Vguvcogpv"547+."Wictkv/ Xgtnci." O¯puvgt" 4226." rr0" 757/7630"C0" H¯igtv." Ein Pazuzu-Kopf und ein Tonverschluss mit Cdft¯emgp"gkpgu"Rc¦w¦wmqrhgu"cwu"Vgnn"̅ 禁"均cocf."kp"J0"M¯jpg"*gf0+."F t/Mcvnkoow"422:" and Beyond"*Uvwfkc"Ejcdwtgpukc"3+."Jcttcuuqykv¦."Ykgudcfgp"4232."rr0"323/328."rwdnkujgf"c" uocnn"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"ocfg"qh"dncem"uvqpg"hqwpf"kp"c"itcxg."cu"ygnn"cu"c"enc{"rqv"ugcnkpi"ykvj"ukz" kortkpvu"qh"vjg"ucog"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"htqo"Vgnn"̅ 沼"昌cocf0"Htqo"tgiwnct"gzecxcvkqpu"qtkikpcvg" vjtgg"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu"hqwpf"kp"vjg"Ngxcpv."vyq"dtqp¦g"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu"ykvj"uvcor"ugcn"htqo"Vgn" Dgvj/Ujgcp"*V0"Qtpcp."An Amulett of the Demon Pazuzu, in A. Mazar et al. [eds.], Excavations cv"Vgn"Dgvj/Ujgcp"3;:;/3;;8."Xqnwog"I. From the Late Bronze Age IIB to the Medieval Period, Kutcgn"Gzrnqtcvkqp"Uqekgv{."Lgtwucngo" 4228." rr0" 739/73;+" cpf" htqo" Jqtxcv" Skvokv"*K0" Dgkvj/ Arieh, Horvat Qitmit: An Edomite Shrine in the Biblical Negev"*Uqpkc"cpf"Octeq"Pcfngt"Kpuvkvwvg"qh"Ctejcgqnqi{."Oqpqitcrj"Ugtkgu"33+."Vgn"Cxkx"Wpkxgtukv{."Vgn"Cxkx"3;;7."rr0"486/489." 492h0+."cpf"c"uocnn"jgcf"htqo"Dgvj"̅gogš"*F0"OceMgp¦kg."Excavations at Ain Shems"*Rcnguvkpg" Gzrnqtcvkqp"Hwpf"4+."Nqpfqp"3;34/35."rn0"93<"7."ugg"cnuq"E0"Jgttocpp."Ägyptische Amulette aus Palästina/Israel, Bd. 1"*Qtdku"dkdnkewu"gv"qtkgpvcnku"35:+."Wpkxgtukv“vuxgtnci1Xcpfgpjqgem" ("Twrtgejv."Htgkdwti1I vvkpigp"3;;6."r0"5;4."pq0"68+0"Htqo"wprtqxgpcpegf"gzecxcvkqpu"cp" cogvj{uv"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"cpf"c"ectpgnkcp"e{nkpfgt"ugcn"ykvj"cp"cvvcejgf"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"rwdnkujgf" d{"E0"Fqwogv/Ugtjcn."Au pays de l’inconnu demeure la “Bête”, in «Archaeology & History kp"vjg"NgdcpqpÇ"35*4223+."rr0"73/7;"jcxg"dgeqog"mpqyp="W0"Icddc{."A Collection of Pazuzu Objects in Jerusalem."kp"ÅTgxwg"fÓCuu{tkqnqikgÇ";7*4223]rwdnkujgf"4225̲+."rr0"36;/376"jcu" 360 NILS P. HEEßEL Ktcp , in the Levant and even as far west as the island of Samos100"Wphqtvwpcvgn{."fwg"vq"jku"kpvgtguvkpi"keqpqitcrj{."Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"jcxg" cnyc{u"dggp"rqrwnct"eqnngevqtÓu"kvgou"cpf"ocp{"knngicnn{"gzecxcvgf"cpf" wprtqxgpcpegf"rkgegu"jcxg"hqwpf"vjgkt"yc{"kpvq"rtkxcvg"eqnngevkqpu0" : 9 Fig. 2:"Rc¦w¦w"uvcvwgvvg"*P0R0"Jgǧgn." Pazuzu, cit., no. 6). II. Evil against Evil – Pazuzu’s effectiveness against other demons Rc¦w¦wÓu"itgcv"rqrwnctkv{"kp"okf/Ýtuv/oknngppkwo"D0"E0"Oguqrqvcokc" ku"wuwcnn{"gzrnckpgf"d{"jku"ghhgevkxgpguu"cu"cp"gzrgnngt"qh"qvjgt"fgoqpu0" The texts concerning Pazuzu’s actions recount how Pazuzu gained this rtqokpgpv"rqukvkqp0"Kp"vjg"uvcpfctf"hqtownc"C."cp"kpecpvcvkqp"vjcv"crrgctu" tgiwnctn{"qp"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu."vjku"ku"vqnf"kp"vjg"Ýtuv"rgtuqp"ukpiwnct."k0g0"htqo"Rc¦w¦wÓu"xkgyrqkpv< ocfg"ugxgtcn"pgy"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"htqo"vjg"Dkdng"Ncpfu"Owugwo."Lgtwucngo"rwdnke." coqpi"vjgo"c"ectpgnkcp."c"jcgocvkvg."cpf"c"dtqp¦g"jgcf."c"dtqp¦g"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"ykvj"uvcor"ugcn." c"dncem"uvqpg"hqtogf"kpvq"vjtgg"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu"cpf"c"hwnn"Rc¦w¦w"Ýiwtg"gpitcxgf"qp"c"ectpgnkcp" uvcor"ugcn0"Jqygxgt."vjgtg"ctg"tgcuqpcdng"fqwdvu"cdqwv"vjg"cwvjgpvkekv{"qh"uqog"qh"vjgo0"Vyq" enc{"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu"htqo"vjg"ucog"oqwnf"mgrv"kp"vjg"dkdnkecn"owugwo"kp"Oqpvugttcv"jcxg"dggp" vtgcvgf"d{"K0"Oƒtswg¦/Tqyg."Ceramic Stamp-Seal Amulets in the Shape of the Head of Pazuzu, kp"ÅKtcsÇ"93*422;+."pq0"3"cpf"40"Kv"ujqwnf"dg"pqvgf"vjcv"jgtg"qpn{"vjg"rwdnkujgf"rkgegu"ctg"nkuvgf." yjkng"wprwdnkujgf"gzcorngu"htqo"rtkxcvg"eqnngevkqpu"cu"ygnn"cu"htqo"cwevkqp"jqwugu."vjcv"jcxg" eqog"vq"o{"pqvkeg"xkc"vjg"yqtnf"ykfg"ygd"qt"rgtuqpcn"eqoowpkecvkqp"jcxg"dggp"qokvvgf0" : "Hqt"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu"htqo"Uwuc"cpf"Pwuj/k"Lcp"kp"Yguv/Ktcp"ugg"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu, cit., r0"58."pqu0"55."89."8:0 9 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."pq0"6:"cpf"cff"vjg"Rc¦w¦wu"htqo"Jqtxcv"Skvokv"*K0"Dgkvj/Ctkgj." Horvat Qitmit."ekv0."rr0"486/489."492h0+."Vgn"Dgvj"Ujgcp"*V0"Qtpcp."An Amulett of the Demon Pazuzu, op. cit.+"cu"ygnn"cu"vjg"Rc¦w¦w"cntgcf{"hqwpf"d{"vjg"gctn{"gzecxcvkqpu"kp"Dgvj"̅gogš." dwv"pqv"{gv"tgeqipk¦gf"cu"c"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqp"*F0"OceMgp¦kg."Excavations at Ain Shems, ekv0."rn0"93<7."ugg"cnuq"E0"Jgttocpp."Ägyptische Amulette aus Palästina/Israel, Bd. 1."ekv0."r0" 392, no. 469). 10 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu, cit., no. 161. EVIL AGAINST EVIL. THE DEMON PAZUZU 361 Kpecpvcvkqp<"K"co"Rc¦w¦w."vjg"uqp"qh"樵cpdw."mkpi"qh"vjg"gxkn"lilû-demons. K"cuegpfgf"vjg"okijv{"oqwpvckpu"vjcv"swcmgf0 Vjg"ykpfu"vjcv"K"ygpv"coqpiuv"ygtg"jgcfgf"vqyctfu"vjg"yguv0 Qpg"d{"qpg"K"dtqmg"vjgkt"ykpiu11. Vjku"kpecpvcvkqp"tgncvgu"jqy"Rc¦w¦w"fghgcvgf"*Ðdtgcmkpi"vjgkt"ykpiuÑ+" vjg"ykpfu."yjkej"tgrtgugpv"pqvjkpi"gnug"vjcp"ykpf"fgoqpu12. Demons are a threat to humankind in themselves, but even more so as carriers of diugcugu0"Rc¦w¦wÓu"tqng"cu"c"fghgcvgt"qh"fgoqpu"ocmgu"jko"vjwu"rctvkewnctn{" suitable as an amulet to ward off evil. Kpfggf."vjg"pwogtqwu"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"ecp"dg"uggp"cu"rgtuqpcn" cowngvu."yqtp"vq"rtqvgev"vjg"dgctgt"htqo"jcto0"Oquv"qh"vjg"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu" ctg"swkvg"uocnn"cpf"eqwnf"ygnn"jcxg"dggp"yqtp"qp"c"uvtkpi"qt"ejckp"ctqwpf" vjg"pgem"cu"rctv"qh"vjg"rgtuqpcn"lgygnngt{13. That all these heads exhibit uqog"mkpf"qh"fgxkeg"vq"Ýv"vjgo"qp"c"ejckp"nkmg"nqqru"*kp"ecug"qh"ogvcn" cpf"uqog"enc{"jgcfu+"qt"ftknngf/vjtqwij"jqngu"*hqt"uvqpg"cpf"enc{"jgcfu+" ku"gxkfgpeg"qh"vjku"wvknkucvkqp"cu"c"rtqvgevkxg"cowngv0"Vjg"ocp{"Rc¦w¦w" jgcfu"cvvcejgf"vq"ugcnu"qt"Ýdwncg."cpf"kp"qpg"ecug"fgrkevgf"qp"vjg"ugcnkpi" Ýgnf"qh"c"e{nkpfgt"ugcn."ctg"hwtvjgt"vguvkoqp{"qh"vjku"wucig."cu"vjg{"eqodkpg"pgeguuct{"rgtuqpcn"qtpcogpvu"ykvj"rtqvgevkxg"cowngvu0"Ugcnu"ygtg" yqtp"qp"uvtkpiu"ctqwpf"vjg"pgem"cpf"Ýdwncg"ygtg"wugf"vq"jqnf"enqvjkpi"kp" rnceg="dqvj"eqwnf"dg"uggp"qp"vjg"rgtuqp"cp{yc{"cpf"ocfg"cp"cffkvkqpcn" string for a Pazuzu head unnecessary. Further indication for the usage qh"uocnngt"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"cu"rgtuqpcn"rtqvgevkxg"cowngvu"ecp"dg" seen in the fact that many small Pazuzu heads were found in graves, whetg"vjg{"eqpuvkvwvg"rctv"qh"vjg"rgtuqpcn"dgnqpikpiu"qh"vjg"fgcf0"Cffkvkqpcnn{."c"ncvg"pgq/Dcd{nqpkcp"tkvwcn"kpuvtwevkqp"gzrnkekvn{"tgcfu"Åqpg"dtqp¦g" Pazuzu … you hang round his neck» and a late neo-Babylonian document nkuvkpi"vjg"lgygnngt{"yqtp"d{"iqffguugu"kp"vjg"vgorng"tgeqtfu"c"Åiqnfgp" Pazuzu attached to a golden wire»14. Nctigt."jgcxkgt"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"nkmg"ogvcn"uvcvwgvvgu"qt"uvqpg" cowngvu"ygtg"jwpi"cv"ycnnu"vq"rtqvgev"tqqou"cpf"gpvtcpegu0"Qpg"qh"vjg" few Pazuzu statuettes found in situ" ycu" n{kpi" qp" vjg" Þqqt" cv" vjg" htqpv" ycnn"qh"vjg"ockp"tgegrvkqp"tqqo"qh"cp"korqtvcpv"tgukfgpvkcn"jqwug"kp"vjg" pgq/Cuu{tkcp"vqyp"qh"F t/Mcvnkoow0"Cu"vjg"gzecxcvqt"pqvgu."vjg"uvcvwgvvg" rtqdcdn{" jwpi" cv" vjg" htqpv" ycnn" hcekpi" cnn" gpvtcpvu" vq" vjku" tqqo" cpf" 11 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."r0"84."nkpgu"324/32;0"Ugg"cnuq"vjg"vtcpuncvkqp"d{"D0"Hquvgt." Before the Muses. An Anthology of Akkadian Literature."EFN"Rtguu."Dgvjgufc"3;;5."r0":850 12 "Vjku"eqttgurqpfu"pkegn{"vq"vjg"hcev"vjcv"ocp{"fgoqpu"ctg"wuwcnn{"fgrkevgf"ykvj"ykpiu" kp"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu."ugg"H0C0O0"Ykiigtocpp."The Four Winds and the Origins of Pazuzu, cit. 13 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"69/750 14 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"96."9:0 362 NILS P. HEEßEL ftqrrgf" qp" vjg" Þqqt." rtqdcdn{" cu" vjg" jqwug" ycu" cdcpfqpgf150"C" Pgq/ Assyrian healing ritual gives the healer the instruction: «a Pazuzu head {qw"ocmg."gkvjgt"vjg"ukem"rgtuqp"jqnfu"kv"kp"jku"jcpfu"qt"{qw"hcuvgp"kv"cv" vjg"jgcf"qh"vjg"ukem"rgtuqp0"Yjcvgxgt"gxkn"jqnfu"jko."yknn"ugg"*kv+"cpf"yknn" not come near him. The sick will get well»16. Therefore, it becomes clear htqo" gzecxcvkqp" gxkfgpeg" cu" ygnn" cu" vgzvu" vjcv" Rc¦w¦w" tgrtgugpvcvkqpu" ygtg"oquvn{"yqtp"cu"rgtuqpcn"rtqvgevkxg"cowngvu."yjkng"nctigt"gzcorngu" eqwnf"dg"wugf"kp"tkvwcnu"qt"jwpi"cv"ycnnu"vq"rtqvgev"tqqou"cpf"dwknfkpiu17. Rc¦w¦wÓu"wvknkucvkqp"cu"cp"gxkevqt"qh"fgoqpu"dgeqogu"cnuq"crrctgpv" kp"jku"urgekcn"eqppgevkqp"vq"vjg"Oguqrqvcokcp"fgoqpguu"Ncocšvw0"Vjku" owej/hgctgf"fgoqpguu"ycu"rctvkewnctn{"ocfg"tgurqpukdng"hqt"vjg"fgcvj" qh"kphcpvu."yjkng"cnuq"cvvcemkpi"rtgipcpv"yqogp."cpf"ocp{"vgzvu"ctg"eqpegtpgf" ykvj" tkvwcnu" vq" fkurgn" jgt3:0" Qp" cowngvu" ujg" ku" qhvgp" fgrkevgf" cu" c" nkqp/jgcfgf" fgoqp" ykvj" cuuÓu" gctu." ngqrctf/nkmg" urqvvgf" qt" hgcvjgtgf" belly and bird talons, holding snakes in her hands and having a dog and a rki"uwemkpi"jgt"dtgcuvu"*Ýi0"5+0"Qp"Ncocšvw"cowngvu"htqo"vjg"9th century D0E0"qpyctfu."Rc¦w¦w"ku"uqogvkogu"fgrkevgf"tkijv"dgukfg"jgt."kp"hwnn"cvvcemkpi"rquvwtg."uvtkfkpi"cpf"ykvj"qpg"cto"tckugf"nqqmkpi"cv"jgt."dwv"oqtg" qhvgp"jg"crrgctu"qp"vjg"dcem"qh"Ncocšvw"cowngvu"ykvj"jku"jgcf"tgcejkpi" over the edge and looking directly at the viewer while his hands are graurkpi"vjg"tko"qh"vjg"cowngv190"Cffkvkqpcnn{."c"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"ecp"crrgct"pgct" Ncocšvw"qp"vjg"htqpv"qh"vjg"cowngv."gkvjgt"kp"rnceg"qh."qt"kp"cffkvkqp"vq"vjg" hwnn"Ýiwtg"tgrtgugpvcvkqp0"Jgtg."Rc¦w¦w"ku"engctn{"fgrkevgf"cu"rctv"qh"vjg" ogcpu"vq"gzrgn"Ncocšvw0"Yjkng"qp"vjg"cowngvu"vjg"eqppgevkqp"qh"Rc¦w¦w" and Lamaštu becomes clear by the considerable number of instances, it is only seldom alluded to in the textual evidence20: A late-Babylonian 15 H. Kühne, Ctej“qnqikuejg"Hqtuejwpigp"kp"U{tkgp"*7+0"Vcnn"̅ 禁/Jcocf1F t/Mcvnkoow" 3;::/3;;2."kp"ÅCtejkx"h¯t"QtkgpvhqtuejwpiÇ"62163*3;;5/;6+."r0"493d0 16 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"94h0 17 F. Tourtet, ÐFgoqpu"cv"jqogÑ0"Vjg"rtgugpeg"qh"fgoqpke"Ýiwtgu"kp"vjg"cpekgpv"Pgct" Eastern domestic architecture." kp" J0" M¯jpg" *gf0+." F t/Mcvnkoow" 422:" cpf" Dg{qpf" *Uvwfkc" Ejcdwtgpukc"3+."Jcttcuuqykv¦."Ykgudcfgp"4232."rr0"473/475"vtgcvgf"vjg"yc{"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugptations were used in domestic architecture. However, Tourtets negative conclusion «nowhere kpuvtwevkqpu"ctg"ikxgp"eqpegtpkpi"vjg"rnceg"yjgtg"Rc¦w¦w"jcu"vq"dg"ugvvngfÇ"owuv"dg"unkijvn{" oqfkÝgf."cu"jgcnkpi"tkvwcnu"kpuvtwev"vjg"jgcngt"pqv"qpn{"vq"ocmg"c"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf."dwv"cnuq"jqy"kv" ku"wugf"d{"vjg"ukem"qt"yjgtg"kv"ku"vq"dg"Ýzgf"kp"tgncvkqp"vq"vjg"dgf"qh"vjg"rcvkgpv0" 3: For an overview of Lamaštu see W. Farber, Lamaštu."kp"F0Q0"Gf¦ctf"*gf0+."Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, VI."Fg"Itw{vgt."Dgtnkp1Pgy"[qtm."rr0"65;/ 446, and F.A.M. Wiggermann, Ncocujvw."Fcwijvgt"qh"Cpw0"C"RtqÝng, in M. Stol, Birth in Babylonia and the Bible. Its Mediterranean Setting"*Ewpgkhqto"Oqpqitcrju"36+."Uv{z."Itqpkpigp" 4222."rr0"439/4740" 19 "Hqt"Rc¦w¦w"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"qp"Ncocšvw"cowngvu"ugg"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu, cit., nos. 19-32. 20 " Kv" ku" pqvgyqtvj{" vjcv" Rc¦w¦w" ku" pqv" ogpvkqpgf" qpeg" kp" vjg" vjtgg/vcdngv" ugtkgu" qh" vgzvu" cdqwv"Ncocšvw0"Vjg"tgcuqp"hqt"vjku"okijv"dg"gzrnckpgf"d{"vjg"hcev."vjcv"vjgug"vgzvu"ygtg"ugtkcnkugf"dghqtg"Rc¦w¦w"dgicp"vq"rnc{"c"fgekukxg"tqng"cu"c"ogcpu"vq"jqnf"Ncocšvw"cv"dc{0"Hqt"c" fgdcvcdng"tghgtgpeg"vq"Rc¦w¦w"kp"vjgug"vgzvu"ugg"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"96h0"cpf"H0C0O0" Wiggermann, Pazuzu."ekv0."r0"5980" 363 EVIL AGAINST EVIL. THE DEMON PAZUZU ritual against Lamaštu instructs the healer to make a Pazuzu and hang it ctqwpf"vjg"ukem"rgtuqpÓu"pgem."cpf"kp"vjg"Rc¦w¦w"vgzvu"c"nkuv"qh"rquukdng" diseases and demons, against which Pazuzu might be effective, contains Lamaštu210"Yjkng"vjg"wucig"qh"Rc¦w¦w"cickpuv"Ncocšvw"ecp"dg"gzrnckpgf" d{"Rc¦w¦wÓu"rqygtu"cickpuv"qvjgt"fgoqpu"qp"c"igpgtcn"ngxgn."vjg"rctvkewnct"itqwpfu"hqt"vjgkt"eqppgevkqp"tgockp"qrcswg22. Fig. 3:"Ncocšvw"cowngv"*P0R0"Jgǧgn." Pazuzu, cit., no. 30). Yjkng"vjg"rqtvtc{cn"qh"Rc¦w¦w"cu"c"xcpswkujgt"qh"fgoqpu"kp"vjg"ÐjkuvqtkqncÑ"qh"uvcpfctf"kpecpvcvkqp"C"ku"cp"gzrncpcvkqp"yj{"vjg"jgcf"qh"vjku" fgoqp"ku"uq"uwkvcdng"cu"c"rtqvgevkxg"cowngv"cickpuv"qvjgt"fgoqpu"cpf"vjg" fkugcugu"vjg{"ctg"urtgcfkpi."kv"fqgu"pqv"gzrnckp"jku"rctvkewnct"rqrwnctkv{" kp"vjg"okffng"qh"vjg"Ýtuv"oknngppkwo"D0"E0"Vjku"ogcpu."kv"fqgu"pqv"dgeqog"engct"kp"vjku"vgzv"yj{"Rc¦w¦w"ku"uq"owej"dgvvgt"uwkvgf"vq"gzrgn"qvjgt" fgoqpu" vjcp" vjqug" uwrgtpcvwtcn" dgkpiu" vjcv" ugtxgf" vjku" rwtrqug" dghqtg" "Ugg"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"96"cpf"85."nkpg";90 "Crctv"htqo"vjg"hcev."qh"eqwtug."vjcv"Ncocšvw"ycu"eqpukfgtgf"vq"dgnqpi"vq"vjg"lilû-demons as observed by F.A.M. Wiggermann, Pazuzu."ekv0."r0"5980"Cu"vjku"ecvgiqtk¦cvkqp"fqgu"pqv"rnc{" cp"korqtvcpv"tqng"gkvjgt"kp"vjg"Ncocšvw"tkvwcnu"qt"kp"vjg"Rc¦w¦w"vgzvu"kv"ku."jqygxgt."c"tcvjgt" constructed connection. The idea that a binary cold-heat association might connect Pazuzu cpf"Ncocšvw"ecwvkqwun{"rwv"hqtyctf"d{"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0":6h0"jcu"dggp"etkvkekugf" by B. Böck, Tgxkgy"vq"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Rc¦w¦w"*4224+."kp"ÅCtejkx"h¯t"QtkgpvhqtuejwpiÇ"73*4227/ 28+."rr0"577/57:0 21 22 364 NILS P. HEEßEL 23 Pazuzu entered the scene . As long as the reasons for Pazuzu’s sudden crrgctcpeg"gctn{"kp"vjg"Ýtuv"oknngppkwo"D0"E0"ctg"pqv"mpqyp."kv"yknn"dg" korquukdng" vq" cpuygt" vjku" swguvkqp" eqpenwukxgn{0" Jqygxgt." qpg" okijv" urgewncvg"qp"qpg"rctvkewnct"curgev."vjcv"ku"Rc¦w¦wÓu"rgewnkct"hcekcn"keqpqitcrj{0"Rc¦w¦w"ku"vjg"Ýtuv"fgoqp"kp"Oguqrqvcokc"Î"cpf"rtqdcdn{"kp"vjg" yjqng"qh"vjg"Cpekgpv"Pgct"Gcuv"Î."yjqug"hceg"eqortkugu"fkhhgtgpv"jwocp" cpf" cpkocn" hgcvwtgu0" Vjg" keqpqitcrj{" qh" qvjgt" fgoqpu" fkurnc{u" owej" nguu"xctkgv{."oquvn{"vjg"fkhhgtgpeg"nkgu"kp"qpg"dqf{"rctv"qpn{."nkmg"c"nkqp" jgcf"qp"c"jwocp"dqf{"qt"c"jwocp"jgcf"qp"cp"cpkocn"dqf{0"Kp"tctg"ecugu." one element is added to the head, like ass’s ears on a lion head in some Ncocšvw"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu0"Dwv"Rc¦w¦wÓu"hceg"ocfg"qh"c"yjqng"xctkgv{"qh" fkhhgtgpv"jwocp"cpf"cpkocn"rctvu"ycu"pgy"cv"vjcv"vkog0"Hwtvjgtoqtg."vjku" okzvwtg"qh"fkhhgtgpv"keqpqitcrjke"hgcvwtgu"ikxgu"Rc¦w¦w"pqv"qpn{"c"hgtqekqwu"crrgctcpeg."dwv"cnuq"c"fkuvkpev"rgtuqpcnkv{0"Vjku"ku"egtvckpn{"vjg"tgcuqp"hqt"Rc¦w¦wÓu"rqrwnctkv{"kp"oqfgtp"vkogu."cu"jg"godqfkgu"cnn"gngogpvu" of our views about a demonic being24, but he might have done the same kp"Cpekgpv"Oguqrqvcokc0" III. Apotropaion – feared and wanted at the same time Cp"korqtvcpv"cpf"qhvgp"pgingevgf"igpgtcn"curgev"qh"rtqvgevkxg"fgoqpke"rqygtu"kp"igpgtcn."cpf"Rc¦w¦w"kp"rctvkewnct."ku"vjgkt"codkiwkv{0"Vjqug." who might be used against dangerous demonic beings, are dangerous in vjgougnxgu0"Qt."vq"rwv"kv"cpqvjgt"yc{."vjqug"ygctkpi"cowngvu"fguktg"vjg" rqygt"qh"uwrgtpcvwtcn"gpvkvkgu"vq"gzrgn"ocngxqngpv"cpf"fkugcug/ectt{kpi" demons and fear at the same time that the destructive force of the same demonic characters could be directed against them. This double-entendre ku"gzrtguugf"crrtqrtkcvgn{"kp"vjg"cpekgpv"Itggm"wug"qh"vjg"vgto"apotrópaioi."yjkej"ukipkÝgu"pqv"qpn{"vjg"fghgpfgt"cickpuv"gxkn"cpf"fcpigt."dwv"cnuq" ukownvcpgqwun{"vjqug"rqygtu"vjcv"owuv"dg"tgrgnngf250"Rc¦w¦w"ku"c"rqygthwn" fgoqpke" dgkpi" vjcv" okijv" jgnr" cickpuv" xctkqwu" fcpigtu." ecncokvkgu" cpf" vjtgcfu." dwv" cv" vjg" ucog" vkog" jku" rqygt" ku" gzvtgogn{" fcpigtqwu" yjgp" fktgevgf"cickpuv"pcvwtg."nkxguvqem"qt"rgqrng0" Vjku"curgev"ku"tgÞgevgf"d{"vjg"vyq"uvcpfctf"kpecpvcvkqpu"hqt"Rc¦w¦w0" Kp"vjg"cntgcf{"fkuewuugf"uvcpfctf"kpecpvcvkqp"C."itcoocvkecnn{"hqtowncvgf"kp"vjg"Ýtuv"rgtuqp"ukpiwnct."Rc¦w¦w"jkougnh"tgeqwpvu"jku"fggfu"cickpuv" 23 F.A.M. Wiggermann, Pazuzu."ekv0."r0"594"cpf"kf0."The Four Winds and the Origins of Pazuzu."ekv0."r0"347"pqvgu"vjcv"Rc¦w¦w"vcmgu"qxgt"vjg"crqvtqrcke"hwpevkqp"qh"vjg"fgoqp"樵wycyc0 24 "Vjku"kpxqnxgu"vjg"swguvkqp."kh"cpf"jqy"Rc¦w¦w"d{"jku"ykfg"fkuvtkdwvkqp"kpvq"vjg"Gcuvgtp" Ogfkvgttcpgcp"okijv"jcxg"eqpvtkdwvgf"vq"vjg"Itggm"cu"ygnn"cu"vjg"Kutcgnkvg"eqpegrvkqp"qh"vjg" kocig"qh"c"fgoqp."ugg"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"7h0 25 R. Schlesier, Apotropäisch." kp" J0" Ecpekm" et al0" *gfu0+." Handbuch religionswissenschaftlicher Grundbegriffe 4.""Mqjnjcoogt.""Uvwvvictv"/"Dgtnkp"/"M np"3;;2."rr0"63/670 EVIL AGAINST EVIL. THE DEMON PAZUZU 365 the winds in the mountains, while in the standard incantation B Pazuzu is ockpn{"cfftguugf"kp"vjg"ugeqpf"rgtuqp"ukpiwnct."yjkng"c"okffng"rctv"wugu" vjg"vjktf"rgtuqp<" Kpecpvcvkqp<"[qw."okijv{"qpg."yjq"cuegpfu"vjg"oqwpvckpu. Who faces all the winds, Angry wind, who’s rising is terrible, Fierce one, raging one, who comes on furiously, Who roars at the world regions, who wrecks the high mountains, Yjq"rctejgu"vjg"octujncpf."yjq"ykvjgtu"kvu"tggfu0 Jg"eqphtqpvgf"vjg"yqqf."ftqrrgf"kvu"vtggu. Jg"rcuugf"vq"vjg"ictfgp."ftqrrgf"fqyp"kvu"htwkv. Jg"fguegpfgf"vq"vjg"tkxgt."rqwtgf"qwv"keg. Jg"ygpv"wr"vq"vjg"ft{"ncpf."eqxgtgf"kv"ykvj"jqcthtquv. He struck the young man, hunched him over, He knocked the young woman, hit her womb, Jg"fguegpfgf"vq"vjg"tkxgt."rqwtgf"qwv"keg. Jg"ygpv"wr"vq"vjg"ft{"ncpf."eqxgtgf"kv"ykvj"jqcthtquv0 Agony of mankind, disease of mankind, suffering of mankind, Fq"pqv"gpvgt"vjg"jqwug"K"gpvgt."fq"pqv"eqog"pgct"vjg"jqwug"K"eqog"pgct."fq" pqv"crrtqcej"vjg"jqwug"K"crrtqcej# Dg"eqplwtgf"cpf"uvc{"eqplwtgf"d{"Cpw"cpf"Cpvw."Gpnkn"cpf"Pkpnkn."Gc"cpf" Fcomkpc."jgcxgp"cpf"gctvj#"Kpecpvcvkqp"hqtownc26. Vjku"kpecpvcvkqp"xkxkfn{"fgvcknu"vjg"fguvtwevkxg"rqygt"qh"Rc¦w¦w0"Qpg" ecp"cuuwog"vjcv"uvcpfctf"kpecpvcvkqp"C"cpf"D"eqorngogpv"qpg"cpqvjgt<" Kp"vjg"ujqtv"jkuvqtkqnc"qh"uvcpfctf"kpecpvcvkqp"C"Rc¦w¦w"jkougnh"tgncvgu"jku" xkevqt{"qxgt"vjg"ykpf/fgoqpu."yjkej"eqphgtu"jko"c"pcog"cpf"vjg"rqvgpe{" vq"gzrgn"fgoqpu0"Kv"ku"vjku"rqygt"vjcv"jwocpmkpf"vtkgu"vq"wug."cu"Rc¦w¦wÓu" image and name are daunting for other demons, who must fear to end nkmg" Rc¦w¦wÓu" cfxgtuctkgu" kp" vjg" oqwpvckpu0" Kp" qtfgt" vq" kpuvtwogpvcnkug" jko"cpf"wug"jku"cpvk/fgoqpke"rqygt"Rc¦w¦wÓu"rtgugpeg"owuv"dg"gpuwtgf" in a given context by his image and the mentioning of his name. The latter serves the standard incantation A, which together with an image ocmgu"Rc¦w¦wÓu"rqygt"rtgugpv"cpf"jku"ukijv"cpf"pcog"gzrgn"vjg"vjtgcvgpkpi"fgoqpu0"Uwej"u{orcvjgvke"ocike."jqygxgt."ku"pqv"ykvjqwv"fcpigtu" cu"Rc¦w¦wÓu"fguvtwevkxg"hqteg"eqwnf"hqewu"kvugnh"qp"vjg"rgqrng"cpf"pqv"qp" their demonic adversaries. Therefore, standard incantation B is directed cickpuv"Rc¦w¦w"vq"eqpvckp"jku"rqygt"cpf"vq"uvggt"kv"kpvq"vjg"tkijv"fktgevkqp0" Pazuzu’s strength can be instrumentalised for human aims, but his evocation remains a dangerous business. Thus, while standard incantation A "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"82h0."nkpgu"53/69"cpf"D0"Hquvgt."Before the Muses."ekv0."r0" 26 :840 366 NILS P. HEEßEL gpuwtgu"Rc¦w¦wÓu"rtgugpeg"d{"u{orcvjgvke"ocike."uvcpfctf"kpecpvcvkqp"D" rtqvgevu"cickpuv"wpfguktgf"ukfg"ghhgevu027 The two incantations are, therehqtg."Ýpg"gzcorngu"hqt"vjg"codkiwkv{"qh"fgoqpu"nkmg"Rc¦w¦w"yjgp"wugf" cu"crqvtqrcke"cowngvu0 Vjku" gswkxqecvkqp" kp" vjg" wug" qh" Rc¦w¦w" dgeqogu" crrctgpv" kp" ocp{" Rc¦w¦w" tgrtgugpvcvkqpu" cu" ygnn0" Qp" ugxgtcn" cowngvu" Rc¦w¦w" ku" fgrkevgf" together with two other demonic beings, the so-called “lion-man” and vjg" ÐjgtqÑ" *Ýi0" 6+4:0" Vjg" knnwuvtcvkqp" qh" vjgug" vyq" Ýiwtgu." yjkej" jcxg" dggp"kfgpvkÝgf"cu"Wicnnw"cpf"Nwncn29, side by side with Pazuzu, can be kpvgtrtgvgf" nkmg" uvcpfctf" kpecpvcvkqp" D" cu" c" ogcpu" vq" eqpvtqn" Rc¦w¦wÓu" fguvtwevkxg"uvtgpivj0"Wicnnw"cpf"Nwncn"ctg"uwrgtpcvwtcn"dgkpiu."yjq"crrgct"kp"fkhhgtgpv"ukvwcvkqpu."dwv"cnyc{u"cu"rtqvgevkxg"rqygtu"jgnrkpi"jwocpmkpf"cpf"pqv"jctokpi"vjgo0"Yjgp"wukpi"ukorng"dkpct{"fgukipcvkqpu." vjgug"vyq"eqog"pgctguv"vq"yjcv"eqwnf"dg"ecnngf"ÐiqqfÑ."ÐrqukvkxgÑ"uwrgtnatural guardians. On Pazuzu amulets on the one hand they might serve vq"gpjcpeg"vjg"crqvtqrcke"ghhgev"cickpuv"qvjgt"fgoqpu."dwv"qp"vjg"qvjgt" jcpf"vjgkt"rtgugpeg"uwtgn{"gpuwtgf"vjcv"Rc¦w¦wÓu"rqygt"yqwnf"dg"wpngashed in the right direction300"Vjku"cuuworvkqp"ku"cnuq"uwduvcpvkcvgf"d{" vjg"hcev"vjcv"Wicnnw"cpf"Nwicn"kp"oquv"ecugu"fq"pqv"crrgct"qp"vjg"htqpv" of the amulet, but on the back, where they could not be seen by the xkgygt"yjgp"vjg"cowngv"jwpi"qp"c"ycnn"qt"cpqvjgt"dcemftqr="vjku"ocmgu" kv"jkijn{"nkmgn{"vjcv"vjgkt"rtgugpeg"ycu"fktgevgf"cickpuv"Rc¦w¦w"cpf"pqv" against other demons. Wicnnw"cpf"Nwncn"fq"pqv"qpn{"crrgct"qp"Rc¦w¦w"cowngvu."dwv"cnuq"kp" swkvg"c"pwodgt"qh"gzcorngu"qp"vjg"dcem"qh"jcnh"tgnkgh"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu0"Jgtg." gkvjgt"uocnn"uvkem/Ýiwtg/nkmg"Wicnnw"cpf"Nwncn"ctg"kpekugf"swkvg"cumgy"kp" vjg"unggmgf"dcem"qh"vjg"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf."qt"vjg{"crrgct"oqtg"vjtgg/fkogpukqnal below a row of divine symbols310"Cickp."vjg"Þcv"dcem"qh"vjgug"Rc¦w¦w" 27 "Ykiigtocpp"4222<"465h0"cpf"Kf0."Pazuzu."ekv0."rr0"596h0"jcu"c"fkhhgtgpv"wpfgtuvcpfkpi" of standard incantation B. 4: "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."pqu0"36."37."38"cpf"3:0" 29 "Hqt"vjg"kfgpvkÝecvkqpu"ugg"H0C0O0"Ykiigtocpp."Mesopotamian Protective Spirits. The Ritual Texts"*Ewpgkhqto"Oqpqitcrju"3+."Uv{z."Itqpkpigp"3;;4."rr0"85h0"cpf"ugg"cnuq"H0C0O0" Wiggermann, Some Demons of Time and their Functions in Mesopotamian Iconography, in B. Itqpgdgti/J0"Urkgmgtocpp"*gfu0+."Die Welt der Götterbilder."Fg"Itw{vgt."Dgtnkp"/"Pgy"[qtm" 4229."rr0"332h0 30 F.A.M. Wiggermann, Lamashtu, Daughter of Anu."ekv0."r0"445"cuuwogu"vjcv"vjg"eqodkpction of Pazuzu with lion-demon and hero is directed solely against other demons, and he is folnqygf"d{"K0"Oƒtswg¦/Tqyg."Ceramic Stamp-Seal Amulets in the Shape of the Head of Pazuzu, ekv0."r0"379"hp0"440"Jqygxgt."K"uvknn"ockpvckp"vjcv"ugxgtcn"curgevu"ocmg"vjku"xkgy"wpnkmgn{"cpf" vjcv"vjg"xkgy"cfxqecvgf"jgtg"Ývu"vjg"gxkfgpeg"qh"crqvtqrcke"cowngvu"kp"Oguqrqvcokc."dwv"cnuq" kp"vjg"pgkijdqwtkpi"ewnvwtgu."owej"dgvvgt="ugg"kp"fgvckn"P0R0"Jgǧgn."Babylonische-Assyrische Diagnostik."ekv0."r0":5"hp0"350 31 "P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."pqu0"372."3750"Ugg"pqy"vjg"gzcorngu"eqnngevgf"d{"K0"Oƒtswg¦/ Rowe, Ceramic Stamp-Seal Amulets in the Shape of the Head of Pazuzu, cit., and add the Pa¦w¦w"kp"E0"Fqwogv/Ugtjcn."Au pays de l’inconnu demeure la “Bête”."ekv0."rr0"76h0."pqv"pqvgf"d{" EVIL AGAINST EVIL. THE DEMON PAZUZU 367 jgcfu"ocmgu"kv"nkmgn{"vjcv"vjg{"ygtg"yqtp"cu"rgtuqpcn"rtqvgevkxg"cowngvu" cpf"vjg"Wicnnw"cpf"Nwncn"qp"vjg"dcem"qh"vjg"jgcfu"eqwnf"pqv"dg"uggp"d{" the viewer. Fig. 4:"Rc¦w¦w"cowngv"*P0R0"Jgǧgn." Pazuzu, cit., no. 15). Vjg"fgrkevkqp"qh"Wicnnw"cpf"Nwncn"qp"Rc¦w¦w"cowngvu"qt"qp"vjg"dcem" of Pazuzu heads can be seen, therefore, as a visual manifestation of the pggf"vq"eqpvtqn"Rc¦w¦wÓu"rqygt"cu"gxkfgpv"htqo"uvcpfctf"kpecpvcvkqp"D0" Text and image are illustrating the same idea, namely the necessity to control the invoked Pazuzu. This ambivalence in the attitude towards this demon illustrates the kpvgtrtgvcvqt{" rtqdngou" yjgp" Rc¦w¦wÓu" pcvwtg" ku" tgfwegf" vq" ukorng" ecvgiqtk¦cvkqpu"yjgvjgt"jg"ku"ÐiqqfÑ"qt"ÐdcfÑ"qt"rctv"qh"Ðdncem"qt"yjkvg" magic”32. The textual as well as the visual evidence convey a much more fkhhgtgpvkcvgf"rkevwtg"qh"vjku"fgoqp0 Oƒtswg¦/Tqyg0"Cu"xctkcpvu"uqogvkogu"qpn{"vjg"nkqp/fgoqp"*P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."pq0"33:" cpf"K0"Oƒtswg¦/Tqyg."Ceramic Stamp-Seal Amulets in the Shape of the Head of Pazuzu, cit., pq0"4+"qt"c"ectr/iqcv"*K0"Oƒtswg¦/Tqyg."Ceramic Stamp-Seal Amulets in the Shape of the Head of Pazuzu."ekv0."pq0"7+"crrgct"kpuvgcf"qh"vjg"nkqp/fgoqp"cpf"vjg"jgtq"qp"uqog"Þcvvgpgf"dcemu" qh"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu0"Yjkng"vjg"Wicnnw"ykvjqwv"Nwncn"ecp"dg"gzrnckpgf"cu"c"rquukdng"tgfwevkqp"vq" vjg"oqtg"korqtvcpv"rctv"qh"vjg"vyq."vjgtg"tgockpu"vjg"eqppgevkqp"qh"vjg"ectr/iqcv"ykvj"fgoqpu" kp"igpgtcn."cpf"Rc¦w¦w"kp"rctvkewnct0"Vjgug"Rc¦w¦w"jgcfu."eqpvtc"K0"Oƒtswg¦/Tqyg."Ceramic Stamp-Seal Amulets in the Shape of the Head of Pazuzu."ekv0."ecp"jctfn{"dg"uggp"cu"Ðuvcor" ugcnuÑ."fgurkvg"vjg"ukping"rkgeg"qh"enc{"ykvj"ugxgtcn"kortkpvu"qh"c"Rc¦w¦w"jgcf"hqwpf"kp"Vgnn" ̅ 沼/昌cocf"*P0R0"Jgǧgn."Pazuzu."ekv0."r0"74."hp0"85"cpf"pqy"C0"H¯igtv."Ein Pazuzu-Kopf, cit.), pqv"ekvgf"d{"Oƒtswg¦/Tqyg0" 32 F.A.M. Wiggermann, Pazuzu."ekv0."r0"594"cpf."igpgtcnn{"qp"fgoqpu."L0C0"Dncem"/"C0"Itggp" *gfu0+."Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary, British Owugwo"Rtguu."Nqpfqp"3;;4."r0"850 58: NILS P. HEEßEL CDUVTCEV Pazuzu, un demone dall’aspetto feroce, è stato ampiamente usato come amuleto protettivo personale nella Mesopotamia del I millennio. Forza devastante che minaccia la natura, il bestiame e l’uomo, Pazuzu jc"wp"rqvgtg"uwink"cnvtk"fgoqpk"ejg"tkgueg"c"ueqpÝiigtg."equc"ejg"cuukcura la sua funzionalità quale amuleto protettivo, il cui portatore usa “il ocng"eqpvtq"kn"ocngÑ0"NÓwuq"crqvtqrckeq"fgn"rqvgtg"ocngÝeq"fk"wp"fgoqne contro un altro demone, evitando che il potere distruttivo di Pazuzu possa colpire colui che dovrebbe proteggere, è qui esplorato e analizzato. Pazuzu, a ferocious looking demon, was used widely as a personal rtqvgevkxg"cowngv"kp"Ýtuv"oknngppkwo"D0"E0"Oguqrqvcokc0"Dgkpi"c"fgxcutating force that can ruin nature, cattle and humankind, he was able to gain power over other wind demons by defeating them, which ensured his suitability as a protective amulet, whose bearer used “evil against evil”. This usage as an apotropaion is explored and it is investigated, how the harmful power of this demon can be used against other demons, without risking that Pazuzu’s destructive potency might be directed against those who want to utilise him.