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2012, South African Crime Quarterly
The draft Western Cape Community Safety Bill, introduced in the provincial legislature in February 2012, is part of a broader provincial government initiative to tackle issues of safety in the province. The Bill sets out to concretise the powers allocated to provincial governments by the Constitution. Specific provisions reflect the wish to give effect to Section 206(1) of the Constitution in terms of which provinces are to be consulted in the formulation of national policing policy. But the main focus of the Bill is on provincial policing oversight powers. In line with the Civilian Secretariat for Police Service Act, the Bill aims to formalise the role of the provincial Department of Community Safety as distinct from the provincial secretariat. The Bill provides for inspections to be carried out at police stations by Community Policing Forums (CPF). This aspect of the initiative has the potential to redefine the relationship between CPFs and the police. It is also envisaged that a provincial ombud’s office will be created, in line with provisions of the Constitution, authorising provinces to investigate complaints against police. The Bill is of interest as it provides a model for fuller engagement by provincial governments in policing matters. At the same time the introduction of the draft Bill raises questions about potential political interference that the Bill does not address.
Acta Criminologica Southern African Journal of Criminology
THE CHANGING FACE OF 'COMMUNITY POLICING' IN SOUTH AFRICA, POST-1994 12010 •
One of the legacies of the pre-1994 apartheid style repressive and authoritarian policing was the lack of trust by black citizens of the South African Police (SAP). The poor public image of the police and lack of credibility in terms of policing and crime reduction obviously required a drastic change, not only in the mindset of police members themselves, but also in the way the new South African Police Service (SAPS) policed communities in the newly-democratic South Africa. This had to occur within the new democratic-oriented and rights dispensation as outlined initially in the Interim Constitution of 1993 and the final Constitution (1996). This changeover was premised and underpinned on the acceptance of the policing approach or strategy of 'Community Policing', which in turn was strongly based on community policing models emanating largely from best practices culled from the USA. In South Africa, community policing was implemented with a number of support 'legs', namely victim empowerment and restorative justice, inclusive of so-called democratic or human-rights oriented policing. Furthermore, community support structures as mandated by the Constitution such as Community Police Forums were also crucial to the envisaged roll out of community policing. Other policing approaches in South Africa that aimed to encompass community policing were the operational approaches termed 'visible' and 'sector' policing which in turn were premised on an intelligence-led policing approach. However, all these policing changes had to be operationalised within a context of continuing high levels of crime, in particular of violent crime. This article looks at the policy development and operational implementation by the new South African Police Services of a broad-based multi-pronged form of community policing and social crime prevention in a transitional democratic state in the period 1994-2009. It also postulates the relative failure of 'community policing' per se in the context of the continuing high levels of crime particularly violent crime with the return to a more structured operations based formal policing approach in the last three years. It also briefly examines some of the initiatives and 'community policing-oriented' post-ANC Polokwane Conference of December 2007 particularly the so-called Community Safety Initiatives, coupled to the national roll-out of Sector Policing in preparation for the Soccer World Cup to be held in South Africa in 2010.
One of the legacies of the pre-1994 apartheid style repressive and authoritarian policing was the lack of trust by black citizens of the South African Police (SAP). The poor public image of the police and lack of credibility in terms of policing and crime reduction obviously required a drastic change, not only in the mindset of police members themselves, but also in the way the new South African Police Service (SAPS) policed communities in the newly-democratic South Africa. This had to occur within the new democratic-oriented and rights dispensation as outlined initially in the Interim Constitution of 1993 and the final Constitution (1996). This changeover was premised and underpinned on the acceptance of the policing approach or strategy of ‘Community Policing’, which in turn was strongly based on community policing models emanating largely from best practices culled from the USA. In South Africa, community policing was implemented with a number of support ‘legs’, namely victim empowerment and restorative justice, inclusive of so-called democratic or human-rights oriented policing. Furthermore, community support structures as mandated by the Constitution such as Community Police Forums were also crucial to the envisaged roll out of community policing. Other policing approaches in South Africa that aimed to encompass community policing were the operational approaches termed ‘visible’ and ‘sector’ policing which in turn were premised on an intelligence-led policing approach. However, all these policing changes had to be operationalised within a context of continuing high levels of crime, in particular of violent crime. This article looks at the policy development and operational implementation by the new South African Police Services of a broad-based multi-pronged form of community policing and social crime prevention in a transitional democratic state in the period 1994-2009. It also postulates the relative failure of ‘community policing’ per se in the context of the continuing high levels of crime particularly violent crime with the return to a more structured operations based formal policing approach in the last three years. It also briefly examines some of the initiatives and ‘community policing-oriented' post-ANC Polokwane Conference of December 2007 particularly the so-called Community Safety Initiatives, coupled to the national roll-out of Sector Policing in preparation for the Soccer World Cup to be held in South Africa in 2010.
2001 •
The Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 11, No. 3
Policing South Africa1986 •
South Africa is a puzzle that seems to become harder and harder to fathom the closer one gets to the excitement, urgency, and pathos of day-to-day events. This is particularly true of Botha's reforms and the reactions to them. The problem is finding a framework that allows one to distinguish what is significant, and essential, from what is not. This is made all the more difficult by the constant stream of politically motivated and contradictory interpretations of events; each claiming that it understands what is important. One way of getting this kaleidoscope to stop turning long enough to allow a pattern to form is to view Botha's reforms as an attempt to reshape the basis of South African policing, understood in its generic sense of governance. This point of departure clarifies the reforms in two important ways. First, it gives meaning to the process by identifying the objectives that gave rise to, and continue to shape reform. Second, it identifies a logic that permits one to stand back somewhat from the immediacy of events to assess what is, and what is not, critical. This twofold clarification provides a basis for making judgments about the future direction of reform and its likely consequences.
In recent years, the ideas and methods of Policing have evolved, the issues of crime prevention and community safety are no longer in the hands of the police. Clifford Shearing states that policing is every bodies business (Edge Magazine, 2001). The rise of community policing, the National Crime Prevention Strategy, the establishment of community forums, and the constitutional push for cooperative governance and the realisation that it does not all work as planned – motivated the Civilian Secretariat for Police to write the policy on Community Safety forums. This paper is divided into four main sections, section one reviews the available literature. The paper will aim to sketch the backdrop from which the policy was created. The paper will start with the assumption that safety is a constitutional right, it will discuss the literature of Community Policing, Polycentric governance and crime as a poly-crisis, and discuss Community forums as a co-operative governance response. The second part will explore the South African policy on Community Safety forums, review the legislative backbone and outline the policy structure. The third section discusses the limitation of the Policy and Community Safety Forums in South Africa and finally the Paper will suggest recommended responses to the shortcomings of the policy.
Marks, M., Shearing, C. & Wood, J. 2009. A Thin or a Thick Blue Line? Exploring Alternative Models for Community Policing and the Police Role in South Africa. In: Grabosky, P. Ed. Community Policing and Peacekeeping. New York: CRCPress/Taylor and Francis, 153-168.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
Community Policing Forums and Boards Foster Communication and Trust between the Police and Communities in South AfricaThe article's goals are to foster communication and trust between the police and communities. Close the distance by having honest conversations and communication between the public and the police. Encourage accountability and openness throughout the police force. Encourage a sense of belonging and shared accountability for security, Increasing Community Empowerment Give locals a say in decisions that impact their safety and wellbeing. Give locals tools like community organization, dispute mediation, and crime prevention strategies. Boost civic engagement and involvement in local decision-making. Advocacy and policy change are the article's secondary goals. Determine and deal with the structural factors that lead to crime and social concerns, Encourage policy modifications that advance community well-being and safety. Make local government representatives answerable for their dedication to enhancing public safety, enhancing quality of life, Work on projects that go beyond preventing crime, like enhancing public areas, environmental security, and other issues related to quality of life Promoting Inclusion and Social Cohesion, Bridge gaps between various community groups, encourage inclusivity, and serve as a hub for community development programs. Community policing forums and community empowerment are complementary concepts. CPFs can serve as powerful catalysts for the growth of more lively, secure, and equitable communities by empowering residents and fostering cooperation. Even if there will be challenges along the way, there might be significant advantages. By working together, communities and CPFs can build a future where everyone feels safe, in charge, and actively engaged in choosing their own well-being.
In South Africa, police cling to the idea of a policing monopoly and prove reluctant to exhaust possibilities for sharing the load of creating safety. Nevertheless, they operate knowing that feelings of insecurity are rising and diverse ‘nodes’ for governing security have been established. Police and public authorities realize that a policing monopoly is more a dream than a reality, yet their policies and practices surrounding partnerships reveal an incoherent vision. We argue that this incoherence provides opportunities for designing innovative partnerships for the nodal governance of security that support the notion of a ‘core,’ and publicly symbolic police role.
Occasional Paper 34
CHANGING PARADIGMS IN POLICING - The Significance of Community Policing for the Governance of Security1998 •
There is much talk within South Africa, as indeed across the world, about the importance of community policing as the appropriate way of policing in the new millenium. What are not always clearly spelt out, are the arguments surrounding the relationship between community policing and the more established style of policing, and the reasons why this should be replaced, or at least complemented by community policing. This paper will focus on these questions. To achieve this, some basic questions about policing will be raised: • What is policing? • How has it been done? • What exactly does community policing seek to promote?
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