Books by Scott Gallimore
This book traces the socioeconomic and political development of the Galatas area and its relation... more This book traces the socioeconomic and political development of the Galatas area and its relations with other areas of Crete during the Neolithic–Ottoman periods. Two powerful rival centers in Crete, Knossos/Herakleion and Kastelli/Lyttos, brought the Galatas area under their control at various times in history. The changes in local socioeconomic and political conditions are documented as Galatas came under the direct control of states elsewhere in Crete and overseas.
Contents: PART I. The Galatas Project and Its Natural Environment. 1. Field Survey, by L. Vance Watrous; 2. Survey Area, by L. Vance Watrous; 3. Geological Implications of the Broader Galatas Region, by Eleni Kokinou, Pantelis Soupios, and Apostolos Sarris; 4. Pre-Industrial Life in the Galatas Area, by Sabine Beckmann. PART II. Prehistoric Settlement and Society; 5. First Settlers, by D. Matthew Buell; 6. Prepalatial Growth in Social Complexity, by D. Matthew Buell; 7. Emergence of a Stratified Society, by L. Vance Watrous; 8. The Excavation of the Minoan Palace and Town of Galatas, by Georgos Rethemiotakis; 9. Building a Minoan State at Neopalatial Galatas, by D. Matthew Buell; 10. Collapse and Retraction, by D. Matthew Buell and Lee Ann Turner. PART III. Historical Settlement and Society. 11. Population Reduction and a Polis, by Lee Ann Turner; 12. Population Retraction during the Hellenistic Period, by Scott Gallimore; 13. Abandonment and Assimilation in the Roman Period, by Scott Gallimore; 14. An Imperial Territory, by Mark D. Hammond. PART IV. Conclusion. 15. Final Perspectives, by L. Vance Watrous; PART V. Appendices. Appendix A. Register of Sites, by Kapua Iao; Appendix B. Prehistoric Pottery, by L. Vance Watrous and Amy Heimroth; Appendix C. Ground and Chipped Stone Artifacts, by D. Matthew Buell; Appendix D. A Neolithic Pendant, by Sabine Beckmann; Appendix E. A Neopalatial Sealing, by Sabine Beckmann; Appendix F. Protogeometric to Hellenistic Pottery, by Brice Erickson; Appendix G. Early to Late Roman Pottery, by Scott Gallimore; Appendix H. Byzantine to Ottoman Pottery, by Mark D. Hammond; Appendix I. A New History of Pottery Production in Thrapsano, by Mark D. Hammond; References; Index; Tables; Figures; and Plates.
Hardback: 464 pp., 20 tables, 37 B/W figs, 69 B/W pls.
(Prehistory Monographs 55, INSTAP Academic Press, 2017)
ISBN 978-1-931534-89-5
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This book offers the first presentation of Hellenistic and Roman period ceramic assemblages from ... more This book offers the first presentation of Hellenistic and Roman period ceramic assemblages from the city of Hierapytna, located on the southeast coast of Crete. Recovered from three rescue excavations in the heart of the ancient city, this pottery records a diachronic history of Hierapytna from the third century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. Through meticulous analysis of these assemblages, including a detailed catalogue of all of the major ceramic categories encountered on Greco-Roman sites and an exhaustive economic synthesis that places Hierapytna in regional and international contexts, Dr. Gallimore documents the growth and decline of this ancient city. An evolving role in numerous exchange networks enabled Hierapytna to grow from a promising Hellenistic center into a major Roman metropolis, before it succumbed to pressures that led to a steady decline throughout the Late Roman period. An Island Economy outlines the historical trajectory of an eastern polis and demonstrates that its rise and fall are connected to pan-Mediterranean exchange networks, a subject which will be of great interest to archaeologists, ceramicists, economic historians, and students of the Greco-Roman world.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Papers by Scott Gallimore
Amphorae from the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond: Production and Distribution from the Early to the Late Roman Period, 2022
This paper examines the economic role of Crete in the third century AD based on evidence of ampho... more This paper examines the economic role of Crete in the third century AD based on evidence of amphorae attested at sites across the Roman world. Following a brief overview of Crete’s economy in the first and second centuries AD, the types of Cretan amphorae used as packaging during the third century are critically assessed and economic connections are reconstructed. The island appears linked to several different regions, most likely serving as a transhipment point for goods originating from areas such as the Black Sea and western Asia Minor.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
South by Southeast: The History and Archaeology of Southeast Crete from Myrtos to Kato Zakros, 2022
This chapter examines Hierapytna’s position within the economic networks of the Hellenistic and R... more This chapter examines Hierapytna’s position within the economic networks of the Hellenistic and Roman Mediterranean (2nd century BC – 2nd century AD). Its connectivity was much more robust than has been acknowledged and an analysis of the city and southeast Crete during this period can serve as an invaluable proxy for better understanding how and why Crete benefited from its position as a critical nexus between
numerous regions.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
American Journal of Archaeology, 2019
This paper critically assesses the transformation of material culture assemblages on Crete betwee... more This paper critically assesses the transformation of material culture assemblages on Crete between its conquest by Rome in 69–67 B.C.E. and the mid-first century C.E. by first applying the frameworks of eventful archaeology and globalization. These paradigms demonstrate that the conquest, despite being an important historical event, was not the primary impetus behind transformation of material culture assemblages but instead served as a preliminary step for gradual transition that varied in pace across Crete. Previous analyses highlight the mid-first century C.E. as the point when transformation becomes evident even at sites resistant to change up to that point. An explanation of the specific factors that led to this situation, however, is lacking. Building on an argument tied to globalization that investment is a key variable behind gradual transformation, this paper examines economic developments on Crete before and after Rome’s conquest, including infrastructure expansion, increase in agricultural output, and the growth of social and economic networks, that permitted increased connectivity with other regions of the Roman Empire. These developments, which led to intensification of economic contacts by the mid-first century C.E., particularly with Italy, provided a conduit for transformation to reach all sectors of the island.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2018
While there have been a number of inquiries into agricultural production and amphora manufacture,... more While there have been a number of inquiries into agricultural production and amphora manufacture, discussion of the relationship between the two remains limited. A recent article by A. Bevan that examines the history of ‘containerization’ in the Mediterranean from the early Bronze Age to the 20th c. A.D. illustrates one side. It focuses on different manifestations of containers, emphasizing their cultural impact over the whole history of civilization in the region. While underscoring the importance of these transport vessels as packaging, particularly for liquid commodities, he provides limited consideration of the mechanisms behind the goods moving into these containers. Studies concerned with agricultural production are also on the rise, but scholars often limit the focus to amphorae. For instance, in analyzing capital investment in large-scale farms, A. Marzano commented: rather than attempting a study of agricultural production through the containers for foodstuffs, this investi...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
World Archaeology, 2017
This paper examines the use of archaeological proxies in the study of food surpluses in antiquity... more This paper examines the use of archaeological proxies in the study of food surpluses in antiquity. Since foodstuffs rarely survive in the archaeological record, proxy evidence forms the foundation of our analyses. Scholars must be critical of these data to ensure that they provide the most accurate illustration of ancient trends possible. There are also questions that are rarely asked of proxy data, such as why the products for which they provide evidence were appealing and how they were consumed. To explore these issues, the export and consumption of wine from Roman Crete during the first–third century ad serves as a case study. This product is identified primarily through finds of ceramic containers known as amphorae. Proxy evidence, like amphorae, is indispensable, but scholars must ensure that they maximize the potential of these data while examining the role that food surplus played in social development.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Roman Crete: New Perspectives
This paper attempts to define the extent to which the island of Crete underwent an economic trans... more This paper attempts to define the extent to which the island of Crete underwent an economic transformation in the late Roman period through scrutiny of the island's economic connections from the fourth to seventh century AD and assessment of changes on Crete itself.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Food, Identity and Cross-Cultural Exchange in the Ancient World
This paper aims to evaluate the role wine played in Crete’s identity in antiquity. By critically ... more This paper aims to evaluate the role wine played in Crete’s identity in antiquity. By critically examining the interpretation of wine as the island’s chief export, including the prominence of this product in literary texts, the widespread attestations of Cretan amphorae, and consideration of the contents of these amphorae, and by assessing the role of Cretan wine in Roman diet and other contexts, particularly for use in medicine, we can gain a refined picture of how this foodstuff was viewed in Roman culture.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Hesperia 84 (2015)
This article presents previous research at Gournia, the overall goals of our project, a new plan ... more This article presents previous research at Gournia, the overall goals of our project, a new plan of the settlement, and our 2010–2012 excavations in eight areas: the Pit House, the Northwest Area, the North Cemetery, North Trench, the Northeast Area, House Aa, several rooms in the palace, and House He. Analytical sections discuss the textual evidence; the painted plasters; and the botanical remains. Our excavations indicate that Gournia was first settled in the Final Neolithic period and grew into an industrial town by the Protopalatial period. Following a Middle Minoan II destruction, the town was reorganized in Middle Minoan IIIA to include the palace, which in Late Minoan IB employed Linear A.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies, 2015
Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies 3 (2015): 105-126. Travelers’ acc... more Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies 3 (2015): 105-126. Travelers’ accounts are consulted by scholars interested in learning about issues of Greek nationalism and identity or the development of Greek archaeology. This article examines an additional type of data often preserved in these texts: information about formation processes that affect archaeological sites. Numerous travelers visited the same sites over several centuries. Their accounts can provide a diachronic narrative of deteriorating archaeological ruins and the processes behind these transformations. Using the Hellenistic and Roman city of Hierapytna, Crete, as a case study, this article examines employing travelers’ accounts as evidence for formation processes and their implications for better understanding the current state of archaeological ruins across the Mediterranean.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
HEROM. Journal on Hellenistic and Roman Material Culture, 2014
HEROM 3 (2014): 71-224.
This article presents the results of a detailed program of analysis of t... more HEROM 3 (2014): 71-224.
This article presents the results of a detailed program of analysis of three pottery groups, Black-Gloss ware, North Etrurian Red-Slip Ware, and Italian Sigillata, recovered from the site of Cetamura del Chianti in Italy. Optical microscopy, neutron activation analysis, and ceramic petrography were used to define compositional groups and, where possible, to define the provenance of these groups. In addition, this study provides insight into certain technological aspects of the manufacture of these various pottery types and offers general observations concerning the geography and chronology of pottery manufacture in the region, the organization of supply networks to Cetamura, and patterns of consumption of slipped tablewares at Cetamura for the period from ca. 350 BC to AD 100.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 2014
ZPE 190 (2014): 203-209
An examination of an ostraca archive from Chersonesos, Crete, published ... more ZPE 190 (2014): 203-209
An examination of an ostraca archive from Chersonesos, Crete, published by Nikos Litinas in 2008. This paper expands on the idea that the archive relates to Crete's export economy by discussing the ostraca in the context of Chersonesos' economic relationship with Lyttos in central Crete and by comparing them with the later fourth century CE Ilôt de l'Amirauté ostraca from Carthage. It also uses the texts to illustrate different methods for organizing agricultural products for export.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 2012
Edition of a sale of wine in advance from Byzantine Egypt (P.Vindob.inv. G 40267). Notable featur... more Edition of a sale of wine in advance from Byzantine Egypt (P.Vindob.inv. G 40267). Notable features include the guarantee clause and the supply of jars by the seller, both of which are put in a wider context.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 2010
Survey of the papyrological evidence for the various stages of the pottery production process in ... more Survey of the papyrological evidence for the various stages of the pottery production process in Graeco-Roman Egypt with a focus on wine amphorae. Where possible, evidence from excavations and ethnographical data are integrated into the discussion.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Book Reviews by Scott Gallimore
Antiquity
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Books by Scott Gallimore
Contents: PART I. The Galatas Project and Its Natural Environment. 1. Field Survey, by L. Vance Watrous; 2. Survey Area, by L. Vance Watrous; 3. Geological Implications of the Broader Galatas Region, by Eleni Kokinou, Pantelis Soupios, and Apostolos Sarris; 4. Pre-Industrial Life in the Galatas Area, by Sabine Beckmann. PART II. Prehistoric Settlement and Society; 5. First Settlers, by D. Matthew Buell; 6. Prepalatial Growth in Social Complexity, by D. Matthew Buell; 7. Emergence of a Stratified Society, by L. Vance Watrous; 8. The Excavation of the Minoan Palace and Town of Galatas, by Georgos Rethemiotakis; 9. Building a Minoan State at Neopalatial Galatas, by D. Matthew Buell; 10. Collapse and Retraction, by D. Matthew Buell and Lee Ann Turner. PART III. Historical Settlement and Society. 11. Population Reduction and a Polis, by Lee Ann Turner; 12. Population Retraction during the Hellenistic Period, by Scott Gallimore; 13. Abandonment and Assimilation in the Roman Period, by Scott Gallimore; 14. An Imperial Territory, by Mark D. Hammond. PART IV. Conclusion. 15. Final Perspectives, by L. Vance Watrous; PART V. Appendices. Appendix A. Register of Sites, by Kapua Iao; Appendix B. Prehistoric Pottery, by L. Vance Watrous and Amy Heimroth; Appendix C. Ground and Chipped Stone Artifacts, by D. Matthew Buell; Appendix D. A Neolithic Pendant, by Sabine Beckmann; Appendix E. A Neopalatial Sealing, by Sabine Beckmann; Appendix F. Protogeometric to Hellenistic Pottery, by Brice Erickson; Appendix G. Early to Late Roman Pottery, by Scott Gallimore; Appendix H. Byzantine to Ottoman Pottery, by Mark D. Hammond; Appendix I. A New History of Pottery Production in Thrapsano, by Mark D. Hammond; References; Index; Tables; Figures; and Plates.
Hardback: 464 pp., 20 tables, 37 B/W figs, 69 B/W pls.
(Prehistory Monographs 55, INSTAP Academic Press, 2017)
ISBN 978-1-931534-89-5
Papers by Scott Gallimore
numerous regions.
This article presents the results of a detailed program of analysis of three pottery groups, Black-Gloss ware, North Etrurian Red-Slip Ware, and Italian Sigillata, recovered from the site of Cetamura del Chianti in Italy. Optical microscopy, neutron activation analysis, and ceramic petrography were used to define compositional groups and, where possible, to define the provenance of these groups. In addition, this study provides insight into certain technological aspects of the manufacture of these various pottery types and offers general observations concerning the geography and chronology of pottery manufacture in the region, the organization of supply networks to Cetamura, and patterns of consumption of slipped tablewares at Cetamura for the period from ca. 350 BC to AD 100.
An examination of an ostraca archive from Chersonesos, Crete, published by Nikos Litinas in 2008. This paper expands on the idea that the archive relates to Crete's export economy by discussing the ostraca in the context of Chersonesos' economic relationship with Lyttos in central Crete and by comparing them with the later fourth century CE Ilôt de l'Amirauté ostraca from Carthage. It also uses the texts to illustrate different methods for organizing agricultural products for export.
Book Reviews by Scott Gallimore
Contents: PART I. The Galatas Project and Its Natural Environment. 1. Field Survey, by L. Vance Watrous; 2. Survey Area, by L. Vance Watrous; 3. Geological Implications of the Broader Galatas Region, by Eleni Kokinou, Pantelis Soupios, and Apostolos Sarris; 4. Pre-Industrial Life in the Galatas Area, by Sabine Beckmann. PART II. Prehistoric Settlement and Society; 5. First Settlers, by D. Matthew Buell; 6. Prepalatial Growth in Social Complexity, by D. Matthew Buell; 7. Emergence of a Stratified Society, by L. Vance Watrous; 8. The Excavation of the Minoan Palace and Town of Galatas, by Georgos Rethemiotakis; 9. Building a Minoan State at Neopalatial Galatas, by D. Matthew Buell; 10. Collapse and Retraction, by D. Matthew Buell and Lee Ann Turner. PART III. Historical Settlement and Society. 11. Population Reduction and a Polis, by Lee Ann Turner; 12. Population Retraction during the Hellenistic Period, by Scott Gallimore; 13. Abandonment and Assimilation in the Roman Period, by Scott Gallimore; 14. An Imperial Territory, by Mark D. Hammond. PART IV. Conclusion. 15. Final Perspectives, by L. Vance Watrous; PART V. Appendices. Appendix A. Register of Sites, by Kapua Iao; Appendix B. Prehistoric Pottery, by L. Vance Watrous and Amy Heimroth; Appendix C. Ground and Chipped Stone Artifacts, by D. Matthew Buell; Appendix D. A Neolithic Pendant, by Sabine Beckmann; Appendix E. A Neopalatial Sealing, by Sabine Beckmann; Appendix F. Protogeometric to Hellenistic Pottery, by Brice Erickson; Appendix G. Early to Late Roman Pottery, by Scott Gallimore; Appendix H. Byzantine to Ottoman Pottery, by Mark D. Hammond; Appendix I. A New History of Pottery Production in Thrapsano, by Mark D. Hammond; References; Index; Tables; Figures; and Plates.
Hardback: 464 pp., 20 tables, 37 B/W figs, 69 B/W pls.
(Prehistory Monographs 55, INSTAP Academic Press, 2017)
ISBN 978-1-931534-89-5
numerous regions.
This article presents the results of a detailed program of analysis of three pottery groups, Black-Gloss ware, North Etrurian Red-Slip Ware, and Italian Sigillata, recovered from the site of Cetamura del Chianti in Italy. Optical microscopy, neutron activation analysis, and ceramic petrography were used to define compositional groups and, where possible, to define the provenance of these groups. In addition, this study provides insight into certain technological aspects of the manufacture of these various pottery types and offers general observations concerning the geography and chronology of pottery manufacture in the region, the organization of supply networks to Cetamura, and patterns of consumption of slipped tablewares at Cetamura for the period from ca. 350 BC to AD 100.
An examination of an ostraca archive from Chersonesos, Crete, published by Nikos Litinas in 2008. This paper expands on the idea that the archive relates to Crete's export economy by discussing the ostraca in the context of Chersonesos' economic relationship with Lyttos in central Crete and by comparing them with the later fourth century CE Ilôt de l'Amirauté ostraca from Carthage. It also uses the texts to illustrate different methods for organizing agricultural products for export.