Shivraj Narayan Yeole

Application of implants in dental patients has increased to a great extent all over the world. Readily available dentures and conventional techniques are being employed for developing such implants which are time-taking as well as not specific to the patient. However, researchers are working on developing alternatives to these. One such technique is 3D printing, an emerging technology. This research focusses on analyzing the load withstanding capability of a customized dental implant made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using FEA and feasibility to 3D print it using PLA material. A model of patient specific implant is developed using CT scan data of a 38 year old male and finite element analysis is performed on it. Correlation between the fixture strength and mastication force is developed by steady increase of load so that the maximum allowable mastication force is identified through von-Mises stress. Critical areas in the implant are investigated utilizing finite element analysis. Stress concentration is seen at one key area in implant. Ti-6Al-4V implant can readily tolerate loads of up to 160 N. Results obtained are helpful in advising patients about their food intake. 3D printing of the PLA mandible and unique oral maxillofacial implant using Fused Deposition Modeling would assist in surgical planning and visualization.

Additive manufacturing is a process of making the three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file. 3D printing has developed enough to perform crucial roles in our day-to-day life. So far, the religious components are produced manually through highly practiced skilled persons which involves lot of cost and time. Now, it is possible to make ancient religious components like idols, gopura kalasams using additive manufacturing technology. The digital 3D models of existing ancient religious components can be recreated through reverse engineering process using 3D scanner and 3D printer. Hence, this work aims at providing the data to the organizations that produce ancient complex religious components through 3D printing technology.

Kevlar is commercial brand of fibers supporting para-aramids of light weight for major part of composite. It is applicable in robotics and automobile sectors where parts need to possess high tensile strength and excellent fatigue resistance. Carbon fibers are processed by thermal conversion of organic fiber with low Carbon content such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) which contain around thousands of filaments. In the current work, samples are produced through Mark Two 3D printer and subjected under investigation for improving mechanical performance in evaluating tensile, flexural and impact behavior as per ASTM Standards. The differentiation is presented by finding the error between experiment and simulation results.

In almost every country, knee joint problems are common among humans. As per American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, it is estimated that 3.5 million individuals in the world will undergo knee replacement surgery by 2030. People with advanced rheumatoid arthritis, or longstanding osteoarthritis are usually affected by this deformity due to changes in lifestyle. These conditions mainly affect middle-aged and elderly individuals with osteoarthritis or severe knee injuries. These problems can be overcome with the help of total knee implants by undergoing surgical procedures for providing relaxation & comfort to the knee joint. These procedures are also known as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). TKA is an ancient surgical process employed for treating intracapsular knee joint arthritis. It is promising technique greatly augmenting a patient's standard of life. The main components of TKA are femoral and tibial components, spacer, and patellar components respectively. Materials often used in these components include titanium, Ti6Al4V, cobalt-chromium alloys, polyethylene and bio compatible materials. 3D printing of TKA implants is a recent avenue being explored by researchers in an attempt to develop a better replacement for the conventional implants for providing comfort to the patients. This paper presents thorough assessment of research trends in mechanical characterization and finite element analysis of knee joint prosthetics, especially TKA implants for 3D printing.

Application of implants in dental patients has increased to a great extent all over the world. Readily available dentures and conventional techniques are being employed for developing such implants which are time-taking as well as not specific to the patient. However, researchers are working on developing alternatives to these. One such technique is 3D printing, an emerging technology. This research focusses on analyzing the load withstanding capability of a customized dental implant made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using FEA and feasibility to 3D print it using PLA material. A model of patient specific implant is developed using CT scan data of a 38 year old male and finite element analysis is performed on it. Correlation between the fixture strength and mastication force is developed by steady increase of load so that the maximum allowable mastication force is identified through von-Mises stress. Critical areas in the implant are investigated utilizing finite element analysis. Stress concentration is seen at one key area in implant. Ti-6Al-4V implant can readily tolerate loads of up to 160 N. Results obtained are helpful in advising patients about their food intake. 3D printing of the PLA mandible and unique oral maxillofacial implant using Fused Deposition Modeling would assist in surgical planning and visualization.

Kevlar is commercial brand of fibers supporting para-aramids of light weight for major part of composite. It is applicable in robotics and automobile sectors where parts need to possess high tensile strength and excellent fatigue resistance. Carbon fibers are processed by thermal conversion of organic fiber with low Carbon content such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) which contain around thousands of filaments. In the current work, samples are produced through Mark Two 3D printer and subjected under investigation for improving mechanical performance in evaluating tensile, flexural and impact behavior as per ASTM Standards. The differentiation is presented by finding the error between experiment and simulation results.

Additive manufacturing is a process of making the three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file. 3D printing has developed enough to perform crucial roles in our day-to-day life. So far, the religious components are produced manually through highly practiced skilled persons which involves lot of cost and time. Now, it is possible to make ancient religious components like idols, gopura kalasams using additive manufacturing technology. The digital 3D models of existing ancient religious components can be recreated through reverse engineering process using 3D scanner and 3D printer. Hence, this work aims at providing the data to the organizations that produce ancient complex religious components through 3D printing technology.

Human shoulder joints are susceptible to failure due to Osteonecrosis. It occurs at the humeral head region thereby collapsing it. For repair, resurfacing arthroplasty is used which involves reshaping of the humerus bone head and preparing an implant. But it is a tedious process to prepare the bone implant conventionally. This article presents developing prototype of a customized implant on human humerus bone that can act as an alternative to the conventional manufacturing of implants. 3D scanning technology is employed for acquisition of data of humerus bone in the form of point cloud which acts as an input for its modeling. Morphometric measurements of the bone are used to develop the resurfacing implant for proximal humerus. The humerus head is reshaped using Boolean operations and assembled with resurfacing implant. CATIA software is used for CAD modeling and related operations. Static structural analysis is performed on humerus bone and reshaped humerus bone with implant in ANS...

Human shoulder joints are susceptible to failure due to Osteonecrosis. It occurs at the humeral head region thereby collapsing it. For repair, resurfacing arthroplasty is used which involves reshaping of the humerus bone head and preparing an implant. But it is a tedious process to prepare the bone implant conventionally. This article presents developing prototype of a customized implant on human humerus bone that can act as an alternative to the conventional manufacturing of implants. 3D scanning technology is employed for acquisition of data of humerus bone in the form of point cloud which acts as an input for its modeling. Morphometric measurements of the bone are used to develop the resurfacing implant for proximal humerus. The humerus head is reshaped using Boolean operations and assembled with resurfacing implant. CATIA software is used for CAD modeling and related operations. Static structural analysis is performed on humerus bone and reshaped humerus bone with implant in ANSYS software to know its behaviour during different loading conditions. Fused Deposition Modeling technology has been used for 3D printing of humerus bone and its implant. However, the procedure for geometric modeling of such complex shape bone and its proximal implant has not been well defined. Work presents an approach for the development of CAD model of humerus bone with its 10954 implant and its prototype development using FDM based 3D printing. The prototypes of reshaped bone and resurfacing implant are then printed at 80% scaled downsize in Makerbot Replicator 2X 3D printer and later assembled. The methodology employed is useful for orthopaedic surgeons for humerus surgeries and bone prosthesis development providing an avenue to understand its anatomical structure and implant fixation in the proximal region of the humerus bone. Outcome of achieving a customized proximal implant in terms of shape and size using 3D scanning and 3D printing technologies is really interesting.

The present study examines the mastication force that the implant can withstand for a patient-specific
parameter. As a result, a finite element (FE) analysis is performed on the patient's unique oral maxillofacial implant.
The force applied to the implant gradually increases to create a relationship between implant strength and mastication
forces. The FE analysis's von Mises stress findings assist in identifying the maximum allowed mastication force.
Furthermore, FE analysis facilitates the identification of crucial areas of the implant. There is just one critical area
where stress concentration occurs in the implant used for this purpose. The findings of the FE analysis based on
mastication forces are utilized to advise the patient on food intake restrictions.

Improving the quality of products being manufactured and enhancing the productivity is of utmost importance in today's global competition. This could be achieved by addressing the bottlenecks present in the manufacturing process as well as in the layout. This project aims at optimizing the layout of Upvc windows manufacturing unit of M/s. GenX windoors Private Limited Hyderabad. It is done by carrying out a detailed study to find out the bottlenecks in the existing layout and suggest corrective measures to them. Various tools like Statistical Quality Control, Flow Process charts, Flexsim software are used. The layout is optimized by first building and validating the simulation model of existing layout, followed by creating proposed layouts based on the various alternatives found for the bottlenecks and validating them. Alternatives or corrective measures are decided by making use of statistical tools like brainstorming and flowchart. Simulated results are then compared with the existing results so as to find the optimized layout. It is also intended to carry out the cost analysis so as to know the economic impact of implementation of the proposed changes in the windows manufacturing unit.

3D printing is one of the most important technological advancement in Additive manufacturing which has been Implemented and recognized as a part of modern industry as it has many advantages over conventional approach of which one of the most important factor which is time. Generally in Fused Deposition modeling the component is manufactured using the concept of rapid prototyping and Layer by layer deposition of the material which is done by sending the data into the software of the machine using a Stereo lithography (.STL) file format made by using Modeling software (CAD). In today's world of Mechanical Engineering the applications of 3D Printing are very useful for Research and Development of various components ranging from simple structures used in everyday life to complicated Components in aerospace applications, 3D printing Provides many advantages few are Simplicity, Reliability and Precision etc this makes it one of the most widely used for making components which can be used as concept. Components. 3D printing is the most widely used additive manufacturing processes in the current industry not only limited to Engineering. This paper presents an overview of Additive Manufacturing and Various applications of engineering.

Any industry strives to achieve higher production rate by manufacturing superior quality products at lower cost, in less time and delivering them to the customer at right time. This helps the industry to maintain good market and reputation in the society. M/s. VELJAN Hyderabad, engaged in the manufacturing of hydraulic pumps and motors, observed that the production rate in the hydraulic pump manufacturing unit was low. Low production rate attributed to improper design of the layout. This project deals with the optimization of layout of hydraulic pump manufacturing unit in M/s. VELJAN Hyderabad thereby reducing the distance travelled and time taken by the parts in manufacturing. Critical study of the existing layout was carried out to know the problems associated with the layout. Flow process charts were used for this purpose as well as the distance travelled and time consumed. The existing layout was modeled in Flexsim 7.3.4, a discrete event simulation software and simulation logic...

Engineering has always been the backbone of medical sciences. It is the helping hand for the doctors in performing their job precisely. There are many areas where engineering applications are used by doctors like electronic monitoring systems, surgical tools, prosthetics, implants and other instruments. Some of the surgeries where the fruits of engineering are used are very costly because the tools used in these surgeries change from one patient to the other. Manufacturing of such tools conventionally requires special tooling making it difficult for the people to use who cannot afford it. This problem has been overcome by the advent of new manufacturing technology called Additive Manufacturing (AM). Manufacturing of an implant or medical application using AM involves stages like digitizing the scan data, translating the data to software, digital reconstruction of the implant and its manufacturing2. Using AM, model of a human skull has been effectively fabricated3. AM has also been s...

Rapid-Prototyping (RP) is a group of techniques used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using three-dimensional Computer Aided Design (CAD) data. There are two phases in the birth of a product, first would be the design phase and second would be the manufacturing phase. Both the processes involve several steps as per design and manufacturing guidelines. In this competitive age any time reduction in these steps will help in profit maximization. Apart from the conventional manufacturing processes which are used for several years while manufacturing of a product, additive manufacturing processes have gained momentum in the recent years. The reason behind this is that these processes do not require special tooling and do not remove material which is very beneficial in the making of a component. In this review paper, an attempt has been made to know the insights of one such additive manufacturing process i.e., Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM).

Belt conveyors are durable and reliable components used in the industries for transporting material. Conveyors producing single type of component at a time generally monitor and control a single type of object. However, if there are more objects, then another system needs to be developed. This paper presents the design, fabrication and validation of a prototype of an automatic monitoring and control system designed for probing various types of objects on a belt conveyor. This system uses Allen Bradley MicroLogix PLC for controlling and feedback sensors for monitoring the objects. The production capacity of the system can be set in the program which can be easily altered satisfying the seasonal demand. The system stops automatically after reaching the desired production. In order to validate the designed system, experiments are performed using Taguchi's methodology wherein parameters like position, orientation, filling time, material type and types of objects i.e. trays and bottles are studied elaborately.

Flat feet are one of the most commonly occurring ailments among humans all over the world. About 20–30% of the global population is suffering from this condition. Not only elder people but middle-aged people between 40 and 60 years and even younger age people between 18 and 21 years are also suffering from this ailment. Based on the National Foot Health Assessment conducted in the USA, about 18 million people, aged 21 years or older have this condition along with another 8 million adults suffering from fallen arches. This is mainly attributed to the change in lifestyle of the people. Lack of physical activities, overrunning, sitting or standing for long time, obesity pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis diabetes, etc. are the primary reasons for this condition to develop in a normal person. A flat foot generally affects skeletal alignment leading to pain in the ankles, knees and hips. In order to overcome this, orthopedists are recommending the usage of orthotic devices for providing relaxation and comfort to the foot. Conventionally, orthotic devices made from custom silicon using an injection molding methods are used but their performance in terms of providing comfort is not up to the satisfied state. Researchers are trying to find an alternative to the conventional ones by finding better comfort providing optimized designs like 3D printed orthotic devices. This paper presents an extensive review of the state of research being carried out in the field of leg prosthetics especially orthotic devices including 3D printed orthotic devices.

The Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining, popularly known as micro-EDM, is a nonconventional machining process mainly used for producing micro features like micro holes, micro gears, micro moulds etc. that are difficult to be obtained by conventional process. It can machine different types of conductive materials especially the ones which are difficult to cut and machine. Microholes have been drilled using micro-EDM process on various alloys like Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel 718 etc. using electrodes like Copper, Tungsten etc. The parts produced by micro-EDM are widely used in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), biomedical applications, automotive industry, and defence industry. Selection and use of correct process parameters is of paramount importance for achieving superior surface quality and higher machining rates while performing micro drilling. However, this process has been characterized by low tool wear rate, low machining rate and longer machining time as compared to other non-conventional processes. This paper aims at studying the influence of various process parameters while drilling micro holes on Maraging Steel 300 alloy using a brass electrode. Maraging Steel 300 alloy is widely used in aerospace, tooling and machinery applications. Brass was selected as the electrode material so as to know its influence in the microdrilling process as it is known for achieving high material removal rate along with high wear ratio. Machining parameters considered in this work were pulse on time, pulse off time, tool diameter and current. A total of 27 micro holes of 300 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm were drilled on Maraging Steel 300 alloy as per the orthogonal array design based Taguchi methodology. Experiments were carried out on Toolcraft V04056 micro-EDM machine. Dielectric used was distilled water. The output responses observed were material removal rate, tool wear rate and overcut. Analysis was carried out using signal to noise ratio analysis. Material removal rate, tool wear rate and overcut were found to be influenced mainly by pulse on time and current. In order to know and better understand the surface morphology of the micro-holes, SEM micro-graphs were obtained. Presence of spatters and re-deposited eroded material were observed in few of the drilled micro holes. The results were verified by performing confirmation experiment at the obtained optimum combination. The confirmation results were in close proximity to the predicted results.Copyright © 2015 by ASME

During accidents, joint dislocation is one of the majorly occurring injuries. Recent studies reveal that injuries to knee occur in around 20 to 40% of accidents and primarily while playing sports like basketball, soccer etc. People in the age group of 20–60 years are susceptible to these injuries and in some cases even beyond this age. Wear out of cartilage is the main factor for cause of knee injury. Sudden impact on the knee leads to the dislocation of knee. Orthopaedic surgeons have prescribed utilizing orthopaedic aids, medicines and providing rest to the dislocated joint. Usage of knee protective pads is observed to reduce the impact force but generalized designs that are manufactured conventionally are not found to be in a satisfied state. To resolve this issue, an attempt is made to provide an alternative to the traditionally made orthopedic pads by designing and developing a customized 3D printed protective knee pad.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a medical condition that affects the knee joint of humans primarily in the age group of 55–60 years. It specifically triggers cartilage breakdown due to aging. However, injury, obesity, inactivity, genetics, inflammation, diabetes, and other medical reasons may also lead to osteoarthritis in lesser age groups. Some of the symptoms used for detecting osteoarthritis are muscular pain, a decrease in range of motion at joint, difficulty in joint mobilization, and mild swelling around the joint. Orthopaedic practitioners analyze this condition using the Kellgren Lawrence grading system based on X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis involves suggesting regular exercises for increasing muscle strength, losing weight, and putting less effort into the affected joint. Knee braces, knee caps, knee protective pads, and knee sleeves are recommended for use depending on the grade of cartilage wear. As a measure of precaution, many people in the aforementioned age group as well as sportspersons are moving towards using personal protective devices as prevention is better than treatment to the injury. Personal protective device is a patient-specific device used to decrease risk factors associated with the injury. One such device is a knee protective pad which safeguards the knee and provides comfort. This paper presents a critical review and detailed analysis of the latest trends in the development and use of conventional and unconventional knee protective pads.

ABSTRACT Micro EDM, a variant of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process, is used to drill micro holes in hard and electrically conducting materials. Since Maraging Steel 300 alloy has not been studied on micro EDM process, an attempt has been made in this research paper to investigate the effect of various process parameters on tool wear rate (TWR) in micro EDM drilling of holes in Maraging Steel 300 alloy using Taguchi Methodology. Process parameters taken up for study are Pulse-on time, Pulse-off time, Tool diameter and current. Brass electrode of 300 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm diameter is used as tool material. The experiments were carried out using L9 (34) orthogonal array. Based on eroded length of tool and volume measurements, the tool wear rate is calculated for various combinations of factors and levels. The results of experiments are thoroughly discussed and the effect of process parameters on tool wear rate is presented.

Robots are developed basically to minimize the human effort and increase the quality of work. They find their application in a variety of fields, one such being the radioactive environment, generally present in the nuclear power plants. Safety of humans is of prime concern in the radioactive environments. Humans are prone to detrimental health effects like cancer. Cancer is considered as the primary health effect caused mainly due to radiation. Radiation can lead to changes in DNA, called as mutations. Sometimes the body fails to repair these mutations or even creates mutations during repair. The mutations can be teratogenic or genetic. Genetic mutations are often passed on to offspring. These are some of the health problems that are being faced by humans in radioactive environments. There are different types of robots that are being used in the nuclear power plants which reduce the human exposure to the harmful and dangerous radiations like alpha, beta and gamma. Even though these ...

Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is a material handling system used mainly for material transfer automatically using unmanned vehicle in manufacturing facilities. AGVs find their application in various fields ranging from chemical, pharmaceutical, paper and printing to hospitals, food and beverages. Due to the abundant availability of human labour at lower costs, these are rarely implemented in India. Even then implementing AGVs will bring many benefits to the organization like improved safety, reliability and efficiency. The main objective of this work is to design and develop a cost effective AGV. This paper addresses the designing of the control unit of AGV which is considered to be as its brain. The control system regulates the tasks performed by the vehicle. Designing of control system includes the design of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), its simulation and fabrication. Programming is incorporated in the PCB which includes the instructions to be followed by the vehicle for naviga...

Microwave horn antennas are extensively used in aerospace applications. The surface finish of the antenna influences its quality and electrical performance. The quality and performance of horn antenna is attributed to process parameters apart from other factors. This paper proposes the use of Taguchi method for improving the surface finish and electrical performance of horn antenna. In this study, quality characteristic considered for optimization is surface roughness. Process parameters viz., cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and tool diameter are studied at four different levels on Aluminium material. The necessary experimentation is carried out using L' 16 orthogonal array on a CNC Milling machine. The test results are analyzed using the " Smaller – the – better " criteria for Signal to Noise ratio. The analysis is done for identifying and optimizing the significant process parameters for reducing the surface roughness. The experimental results are conformed and suc...

The main aim of this paper is to find and optimize the significant process parameters in the manufacturing of a Microwave horn antenna. The quality of Microwave horn antenna depends upon surface finish and the electrical performance. Surface finish of the horn antenna is attributed to various process parameters, the most important being, cutting speed (A), feed (B), depth of cut (C) and tool diameter (D). The influences of these parameters on surface roughness were studied at four different levels on Aluminium material using Taguchi Methodology. The test results were analysed using the “Smaller – the – better” criteria for Signal to Noise ratio. Results showed that depth of cut and tool diameters were the most significant factors. Optimum condition of process parameters was successfully conformed with an improvement of 0.145µm in surface finish on the internal surface of microwave horn antenna. Performance of the microwave antenna manufactured with the optimum condition of process p...

Improving the quality of products being manufactured and enhancing the productivity is of utmost importance in today's global competition. This could be achieved by addressing the bottlenecks present in the manufacturing process as well as in the layout. This project aims at optimizing the layout of Upvc windows manufacturing unit of M/s. GenX windoors Private Limited Hyderabad. It is done by carrying out a detailed study to find out the bottlenecks in the existing layout and suggest corrective measures to them. Various tools like Statistical Quality Control, Flow Process charts, Flexsim software are used. The layout is optimized by first building and validating the simulation model of existing layout, followed by creating proposed layouts based on the various alternatives found for the bottlenecks and validating them. Alternatives or corrective measures are decided by making use of statistical tools like brainstorming and flowchart. Simulated results are then compared with the existing results so as to find the optimized layout. It is also intended to carry out the cost analysis so as to know the economic impact of implementation of the proposed changes in the windows manufacturing unit.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a medical condition that affects the knee joint of humans primarily in the age group of 55–60 years. It specifically triggers cartilage breakdown due to aging. However, injury, obesity, inactivity, genetics, inflammation, diabetes, and other medical reasons may also lead to osteoarthritis in lesser age groups. Some of the symptoms used for detecting osteoarthritis are muscular pain, a decrease in range of motion at joint, difficulty in joint mobilization, and mild swelling around the joint. Orthopaedic practitioners analyze this condition using the Kellgren Lawrence grading system based on X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis involves suggesting regular exercises for increasing muscle strength, losing weight, and putting less effort into the affected joint. Knee braces, knee caps, knee protective pads, and knee sleeves are recommended for use depending on the grade of cartilage wear. As a measure of precaution, many people in the aforementioned age group as well as sportspersons are moving towards using personal protective devices as prevention is better than treatment to the injury. Personal protective device is a patient-specific device used to decrease risk factors associated with the injury. One such device is a knee protective pad which safeguards the knee and provides comfort. This paper presents a critical review and detailed analysis of the latest trends in the development and use of conventional and unconventional knee protective pads.

Flat feet are one of the most commonly occurring ailments among humans all over the world. About 20–30% of the global population is suffering from this condition. Not only elder people but middle-aged people between 40 and 60 years and even younger age people between 18 and 21 years are also suffering from this ailment. Based on the National Foot Health Assessment conducted in the USA, about 18 million people, aged 21 years or older have this condition along with another 8 million adults suffering from fallen arches. This is mainly attributed to the change in lifestyle of the people. Lack of physical activities, overrunning, sitting or standing for long time, obesity pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis diabetes, etc. are the primary reasons for this condition to develop in a normal person. A flat foot generally affects skeletal alignment leading to pain in the ankles, knees and hips. In order to overcome this, orthopedists are recommending the usage of orthotic devices for providing relaxation and comfort to the foot. Conventionally, orthotic devices made from custom silicon using an injection molding methods are used but their performance in terms of providing comfort is not up to the satisfied state. Researchers are trying to find an alternative to the conventional ones by finding better comfort providing optimized designs like 3D printed orthotic devices. This paper presents an extensive review of the state of research being carried out in the field of leg prosthetics especially orthotic devices including 3D printed orthotic devices.

Optimization is an effective tool for optimum utilization of existing resources so as to improve quality, productivity and to reduce the cost. The majority of the real-world situations have multiple objectives that conflict with each other. Hence multiple objectives or criteria need to be optimized effectively and simultaneously for achieving the best output. Hence, many evolutionary algorithms like Pareto Optimization, Non-Sorted Genetic Algorithm (NSGA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA), etc. have been developed in the past for this purpose. However, in order to obtain more accurate predictions, these techniques are continuously being modified to make them evolutionary in nature resulting in newer multi-objective optimization techniques. Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) and JAYA are two state-of-the-art multi-objective optimization techniques. This paper presents a review of TLBO and JAYA multi-objective optimization techniques with an emphasis on key insights into the methodology and algorithms, followed by their application in different fields. It is observed that these techniques yielded better performance than the existing ones.

Belt conveyors are durable and reliable components used in the industries for transporting material. Conveyors producing single type of component at a time generally monitor and control a single type of object. However, if there are more objects, then another system needs to be developed. This paper presents the design, fabrication and validation of a prototype of an automatic monitoring and control system designed for probing various types of objects on a belt conveyor. This system uses Allen Bradley MicroLogix PLC for controlling and feedback sensors for monitoring the objects. The production capacity of the system can be set in the program which can be easily altered satisfying the seasonal demand. The system stops automatically after reaching the desired production. In order to validate the designed system, experiments are performed using Taguchi’s methodology wherein parameters like position, orientation, filling time, material type and types of objects i.e. trays and bottles are studied elaborately.