Veterinární medicína - Latest articles

Prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia infestation in cattle and in broiler chickens in Algeria

R Baazizi, M Taibi, N Senouci, D Baroudi, S Khodja, R Belala, D Khelef, N Mimoune

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):68-76 | DOI: 10.17221/82/2024-VETMED  

Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are zoonotic protozoan diseases with significant public health and economic concerns. In Algeria, epidemiological data on these parasites in livestock are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia in dairy calves and broiler chickens and to identify the associated risk factors. A microscopic analysis of 200 faecal samples revealed a Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence of 56% in calves and 60% in broiler chickens, while the Giardia prevalence was 8% in calves and absent in chickens. In cattle, the data showed that age constituted a potential risk...

Clinical and microbiological evaluation of foot diseases in small ruminants in Siirt province (Türkiye) and its districts

A Gulaydin, O Gulaydin, M Yesilyurt, N Sindak, MB Akgul, O Yildrim

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):54-67 | DOI: 10.17221/81/2024-VETMED  

Foot diseases are one of the leading health problems that lead to significant yield losses in small ruminant breeding. This study aimed to clinically evaluate foot diseases in sheep and goats reared in Siirt province of Türkiye and its surrounding districts. Molecular methods were used to investigate the presence of Dichelobacter nodosus serogroups and Treponema spp. phylogroups in cases with identified lesions. Clinical examination of 4 111 sheep and goats identified foot diseases in 402 animals, affecting a total of 410 feet. Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) and digital dermatitis (DD) cases were identified in 66.82% and 26.82%...

Cryptosporidium parvum screening in young calves with diarrhoea in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq

S Abdulqader, A Kaya, H Marif, B Ali, D Ismaeel

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):45-53 | DOI: 10.17221/60/2024-VETMED  

The parasitic protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum causes cryptosporidiosis in young calves, leading to diarrhoea and financial losses in the farming industry. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of C. parvum in preweaning calves suffering from diarrhoea in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Faecal samples were obtained from 80 young calves categorised into various groups according to age, breed, sex, and geographic origin. Notably, a greater occurrence of C. parvum infection was observed in female calves, those in the 5–30 days age...

Claw diseases are the dominant cause of lameness in dairy cows and a risk factor for mastitis

V Hisira, J Zahumenska, M Kadasi, R Klein, P Mudron, F Zigo

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(2):35-44 | DOI: 10.17221/56/2024-VETMED  

Lameness and mastitis are two of the most economically important issues for the dairy industry. This study aimed to obtain a clearer analysis of the link between mastitis and lameness in dairy cows using the Mastitis Score and detecting the pathogens that predominate in dairy cows’ milk samples with claw diseases. During routine claw trimming, milk samples were collected from dairy cows in two Slovak dairy farms. Out of 558 cows presented for claw trimming, 144 cows (25.8%) exhibited lameness from claw diseases. The most prevalent disease in our study was digital dermatitis (43.1%), followed by toe necrosis (41.7%), and Rusterholz ulcer (15.3%)....

List of volume 69 reviewers

Editorial Department

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):I-II  

Biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to sublethal concentrations of the antiepileptic and analgesic drug gabapentin

J Blahova, P Mikula, P Marsalek, Z Svobodova

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):20-29 | DOI: 10.17221/75/2024-VETMED  

The present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp after exposure to the antiepileptic and analgesic drug gabapentin at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/l for 4 weeks. The exposure to the highest two concentrations resulted in significant changes in plasma indices such as glucose (only group 100 μg/l), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, creatine kinase (CK), amylase as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Similar trends were found in both groups exposed to the environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., 0.1 and 1 μg/l). In addition, a significant...

Assessment of the accuracy of patient-specific drilling guides for cervical (C5–C6) and lumbar (L4–L5) vertebrae in cats

RC Costa, GG Moraes, RG Ferreira, RB Neto, M Nobile, TASS Rocha, LP Barros, BW Minto, LGGG Dias

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):11-19 | DOI: 10.17221/73/2024-VETMED  

Ten sets of vertebral biomodels and the corresponding drilling guides were created to evaluate the implantation accuracy in the cervical (C5–C6) and lumbar (L4–L5) vertebrae of cats. Smooth pins were implanted using the guides on the right side of five randomly assigned biomodel sets and on the left side of the remaining sets, with the contralateral side undergoing freehand implantation. Subsequently, a new tomographic study was conducted to measure the implantation angles. The pre-implantation angles were compared with the post-implantation angles between the techniques and among the sets. The guide-assisted implantation exhibited...

Successful pregnancy of a Maine Coon queen despite feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia recurrence after treatment with aglepristone

P Socha, P Mossakowski

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):30-34 | DOI: 10.17221/51/2024-VETMED  

One of the disorders of the mammary gland in the queen is feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (FMFH), caused by an increasing concentration of progesterone (P4) and some other local growth factors. It occurs mostly during puberty after the heat characterised by spontaneous or provoked ovulation, as a result of exogenous progesterone intake and sometimes during pregnancy. To diagnose a 14-month-old intact Maine Coon queen with extensive mammary gland hyperplasia, a clinical examination, analyses of the progesterone (P4) concentrations and ultrasound examination were performed. Feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia associated with...

Prevalence, current status, and prevention of dental extractions in dogs: A retrospective study

K Han, Z Piao, C Park, MM Rahman, N Kim

Vet Med - Czech, 2025, 70(1):1-10 | DOI: 10.17221/40/2024-VETMED  

Dental health has historically received little attention in veterinary medicine, but is becoming more common. This study aimed to report the prevalence of dental extractions in dogs in Seoul, Republic of Korea, describe the current status of dental health and determine any preventive methods. In total, 166 dogs participated in the study, presented to the veterinary hospital with an oral disorder or for a routine check-up were included in the study. Teeth were extracted from 130 dogs (78.32%). A single tooth was extracted from 18 dogs (13.85%), whereas multiple teeth (2–29 teeth) were extracted from 112 dogs (86.15%). Ten teeth were extracted...

Evaluation of urine protein to creatinine ratio in sighthound breeds

S Kovarikova, D Jurujova, K Panykova, J Blahova

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):420-426 | DOI: 10.17221/74/2024-VETMED  

The breed can influence the results of haematological and biochemical blood tests, with sighthounds traditionally mentioned. It may also affect certain urinary parameters. This study aimed to compare urinary protein and creatinine concentrations and their ratio (UPC, urine protein to creatinine ratio) between sighthounds and non-sighthounds and to evaluate these parameters in various sighthound breeds. Urine samples from clinically healthy dogs were collected via normal voiding, representing both sighthound and non-sighthound breeds. The protein and creatinine concentrations in the urine samples were determined, and their ratio was subsequently calculated....

A serological survey of wild boar in Serbia for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

M Ninkovic, J Maksimovic Zoric, D Vojinovic, L Veljovic, N Jezdimirovic, J Kureljusic, J Zutic

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):413-419 | DOI: 10.17221/64/2024-VETMED  

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are causative agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex. However, information on the prevalence of these pathogens in wild boars is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in wild boars in Serbia. In this study 253 serum samples from wild boars were tested for antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia using the ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence rates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus...

Molecular detection of Enterobacter hormaechei in bovine respiratory disease

HAJ Gharban

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):403-412 | DOI: 10.17221/54/2024-VETMED  

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) develops from complex interactions among environmental, host and pathogenic factors. This study aimed to phenotypically identify Enterobacter hormaechei isolated from cattle with BRD and assess antimicrobial susceptibility and determining the molecular phylogeny of local E. hormaechei strains. Between November 2023 and March 2024, nasal swabs were collected from 93 cattle with BRD, before culturing for phenotypic analysis, and performing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for molecular characterisation. Of the 93 samples evaluated, 15.79% and 24.56% tested positive for E. hormaechei isolates on culture...

Accuracy and reliability of tibial torsion measurement using radiography and ultrasound in dogs

M Jeong, K Kwack, J Kim, Y Yu, S Heo

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(12):427-436 | DOI: 10.17221/50/2024-VETMED  

Tibial torsion assessment is crucial for understanding deformities and malalignments that can lead to joint pathologies in dogs. Different methods such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), and three-dimensional (3D) volume-rendering techniques have been employed to measure tibial torsion. This study compared the accuracy and reliability of tibial torsion angle (TTa) measurements obtained using radiography and ultrasound tilting techniques against those obtained using the 3D volume-rendering method in small-to-medium-sized non-chondrodystrophic dogs. Seven dogs with 11 hind limbs were included in this study. Descriptive statistics revealed mean...

Erratum: The effects of Pycnogenol, a pine bark extract on pulmonary inflammation by Asian sand dust in mice

SH Kim, IS Shin

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):401 | DOI: 10.17221/97/2024-VETMED  

The beauty of the beast: Suggestions to curb the excesses of dog breeding and restore animal welfare – Invited review

C Diederich

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):369-380 | DOI: 10.17221/62/2024-VETMED  

Dog. Specifically created to save its master’s life. – (The dog is the ideal) Friend of man, (because it is his devoted slave) (source: Gustave Flaubert, Dictionnaire des Idées Reçues). But is man the best friend of the dog? This question is legitimate when we consider living situations to which modern domestic dogs are exposed. They often do not satisfy basic animal needs. In this narrative review, the author revisits the history of the dog’s presence alongside humans, in the light of current knowledge. The modern dog (breed standards and their interests in canine research) and its breeding strategy, including extreme...

Robinia pseudoacacia poisoning in two horses: A case report

T Novotna, E Samonilova, J Klan, L Frgelecova, A Mala, Z Svobodova, Z Drabkova

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):395-400 | DOI: 10.17221/55/2024-VETMED  

This case report describes the poisoning of two mares from the same paddock with Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust) bark. The poisoning manifested itself by the sudden onset of weakness and fever with transient improvement after the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and fluids. After the initial stabilisation, the mares were left unattended overnight. One of them was found dead in the morning. The surviving mare developed colic and severe encephalopathy and had to be referred to the clinic. Blood tests revealed severe hyperammonaemia. After four days of symptomatic treatment, she fully recovered. Robinia pseudoacacia...

A study on the measurement of the reference range of the whole blood viscosity in Thoroughbred horses

Y Ha, K Yi, C Park, G Kim, D Choi, J Lee, N Kim

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):381-388 | DOI: 10.17221/24/2024-VETMED  

This study aimed to measure the whole blood viscosity (WBV) in racehorses using a new viscometer and establish reference values, as well as to investigate the correlation between the WBV and the haematological parameters and serum chemistry. WBV measurements were conducted on 51 Thoroughbred horses using a novel U-shaped scanning capillary-tube viscometer. The reference values for the WBV were determined at various shear rates ranging from 1 s^–1 to 1 000 s^–1. Correlation analyses were performed to examine the correlation between the WBV and the haematological and serum chemistry parameters. The findings provide...

A novel pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 isolated from a sick racing pigeon in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China shows high virulence in chickens

L Tong, X Gao, L Feng, D Yao, X Zhang, Y Du, Y Zhou, F Chen

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(11):389-394 | DOI: 10.17221/15/2024-VETMED  

Pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) is the causative agent of pigeon Newcastle disease (ND), which has caused huge losses to the pigeon industry. In this study, a PPMV-1 strain, PPMV-1/QH-01/CH/23, was isolated from a sick racing pigeon in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China in 2023. The mean death time of chicken embryos and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) were 76.8 h and 1.25, indicating a mesogenic strain. Pigeon morbidity and mortality were 100% and 80%, respectively, and both were 80% in chickens; therefore, this isolate was velogenic for both pigeons and chickens. The fusion gene was amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis,...

Evaluation of coagulation by thromboelastography and a velocity curve in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

O Eralp Inan, P Levent, A Saril, L Hamabe, M Kocaturk, Z Yilmaz

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):345-354 | DOI: 10.17221/49/2024-VETMED  

Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) has a high mortality rate in untreated dogs due to systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. The inflammatory process can lead to coagulation abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the coagulation status using thromboelastography (TEG) and assess the thrombin generation (TG) and clot dissolution using TEG-derived velocity curve (v-curve) parameters in dogs with CPE. It included 21 dogs with CPE and five healthy dogs. In addition to the clinico-haemato-biochemical examinations, the coagulation status was analysed using citrated venous blood samples with TEG. All the dogs with CPE met at least two criteria...

An unusual finding of schwannoma in the mammary gland of a dog

M Makovicka, P Bolgac, K Kajo, P Makovicky, P Svorc

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):362-368 | DOI: 10.17221/41/2024-VETMED  

Peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNSTs) are rare in the mammary glands of dogs. Here, we report a case of a schwannoma, composed of two parts, of the mammary gland of a dog. The first part consists of clusters of uncircumscribed, alternating, more concentrated and looser regions. In the more concentrated parts, typical fascicularly arranged schwannoma intermingle in plexiform arrangement, more subtle in appearance than in neuronal tumour areas. The second part undergoes regression consisting predominantly of residual shorter rosettes of cells with the presence of a peculiar variably sized swirling of target-like formations consisting of compact, thicker,...

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in clinically healthy German Shepherd dogs and dogs with early stages of chronic kidney disease

N Marecakova, J Kacirova, C Tothova, A Madari, M Madar, M Kuricova, S Hornak

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):337-344 | DOI: 10.17221/34/2024-VETMED  

Urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity is associated with kidney disease. In our study, we focused on evaluating the ratio of NAG to the urinary creatinine concentration (NAG/Cr) in the German Shepherd breed. Sixty-two healthy dogs and thirteen dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were examined. The healthy dogs were divided into groups based on their sex and age (puppies and adolescent dogs under 2 years, adult dogs from 2 to 6 years and seniors over 6 years), while the dogs with CKD were divided based on the disease stage (CKD stage 1 and 2). No significant difference was detected between the males and females. Regarding...

Evaluation of CTX-I, CTX-II, TIMP-I, MMP-9 and PIICP in the population of working German Shepherd dogs in Slovakia

S Maresova, T Liptak, A Madari, P Zeleznik, C Tothova, M Kuricova

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(10):355-361 | DOI: 10.17221/127/2023-VETMED  

The aim of this study was to determine the reference values of cartilage damage biomarkers in the blood and urine in 76 clinically healthy German Shepherd dogs. We grouped the dogs into 4 groups by age. All the groups were consistently made up of 19 dogs. The mean age and average body weight were established for all the dog groups. The blood was collected from the vena cephalica antebrachii or the vena saphena medialis and the urine sample was taken by us-guided cystocenthesis. The biomarkers were determined using quantitative sandwich ELISA kits. The mean values of the biomarkers ± SD were, for the urine biomarkers, CTX-I 3.29 ±...

A multi-year study monitoring the cadmium content in the tissues of lambs and sheep sampled in the Czech Republic between 2001 and 2022

Z Svobodova, J Drapal, V Vlasakova, D Harustiakova, J Illek, M Svoboda

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(9):314-320 | DOI: 10.17221/45/2024-VETMED  

Cadmium is one of the most important environmental contaminants. Animals grazing on natural pastures are particularly exposed to cadmium. Sheep are mostly reared in extensive and grazing systems. Therefore, sheep may accumulate larger amounts of cadmium compared to other ruminant species and are a good indicator of exposure to cadmium contamination in a given area. The determination of cadmium concentrations in the muscles, livers and kidneys of lambs and sheep was carried out in the Czech Republic during the period 2001–2022. The average cadmium content in the livers and kidneys of all the lambs was 0.037 ± 0.006 and 0.061 ± 0.013 mg.kg^–1,...

Senecio ovatus poisoning in a horse – A case report

A Kopecka, T Novotna, Z Svobodova, Z Drabkova

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(9):329-336 | DOI: 10.17221/37/2024-VETMED  

This study describes a case of poisoning by pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a horse. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of Senecio ovatus poisoning. A six-year-old 450-kg Irish cob mare was presented to the Equine Clinic of the University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (Czechia) with symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy, which progressively worsened with time despite intensive therapy and led to euthanasia. A complex diagnostic and therapeutic approach including the post-mortem patoanatomical and histopathological examination is described here. Regarding the histopathology of the liver, there was necrosis with...

Does a relation between bone histomorphometry and fractures exist? The case of the equine radius and tibia

M Zedda, R Babosova, S Gadau, G Lepore, S Succu, V Farina

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(9):307-313 | DOI: 10.17221/18/2024-VETMED  

Fractures of long bones in limbs are rare traumatic events in horses. This study investigates whether the incidence and types of fractures can be related to the histomorphometric features of the radius and tibia, which experience different biomechanical stresses and exhibit varying incidences and types of fractures. Clinical observations suggest that, in adults, slightly transverse and comminuted fractures are present in the radius, while the tibia shows a higher frequency of longitudinal and spiral fractures. Microscopic observations reveal no apparent distinctive characteristics between the radius and tibia, whereas the histomorphometric data highlight...

Molecular detection and characterisation of Mycoplasma species in community owned dogs of Kerala, a South Indian State

GS Kumar, A Varghese, PK Hembram, KGA Kumar, CK Deepa, A Varghese, R Ravindran

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(9):321-328 | DOI: 10.17221/116/2023-VETMED  

Haemotropic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) are obligate epierythrocytic bacteria that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts. The molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma organisms in dogs has not previously been attempted from India. Hence, in the present study, the molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma spp. in dogs of different zones of Kerala was attempted using 16S rRNA gene. An overall prevalence of 18% for M. haemocanis was detected. The NCBI-BLAST analysis of all the selected sequences revealed > 99% identity with the sequences of M. haemocanis. The phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of M. haemocanis...

Probiotic bacteria of wild boar origin intended for piglets – An in vitro study

I Kostovova, K Kavanova, M Moravkova, J Gebauer, L Leva, M Vícenova, V Babak, M Faldyna, M Crhanova

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(8):281-296 | DOI: 10.17221/35/2024-VETMED  

Using probiotics represents a potential solution to post-weaning diarrheal diseases in piglets on commercial farms. The gastrointestinal tract of wild boars serves as a promising reservoir of novel lactic acid bacteria with suitable probiotic characteristics. In this study, we isolated eight bacterial strains from the intestinal content of wild boars identified as representatives of the species Bifidobacterium apri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius. These isolates underwent in vitro analysis and characterisation to assess their biological safety and probiotic properties. Analysis of their full genome...

Comparison of two methods of measuring the urinary protein concentration for the determination of the urinary protein to creatinine ratio in various animal species

S Kovarikova, J Blahova, I Vanova, P Marsalek

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(8):273-280 | DOI: 10.17221/30/2024-VETMED  

Determination of the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) is an important tool in the quantification of proteinuria in animals. However, the result may be affected by the different methods of determining the urinary protein concentration. The aim of this study was to compare the turbidimetric method using benzethonium chloride and the colorimetric method using pyrogallol red in the measurement of the urinary protein concentration in dogs, cats, guinea pigs and horses. A total of 464, 192, 216 and 119 urine samples from dogs, cats, guinea pigs and horses were examined in the study, respectively. The group consisted of animals of both sexes and...

Therapeutic potential of cannabis for surgical wound healing in rats

GD Akarsu, R Hobek Akarsu

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(8):297-306 | DOI: 10.17221/21/2024-VETMED  

This study was conducted to evaluate the wound-healing activities of a Cannabis sativa L. plant extract and cannabidiol on incision wounds. An incision was created and sutured in rats under anaesthesia. Routine wound care procedures were applied for 10 days, followed by histological wound examinations. The cellular bioactivities of the hemp extract and CBD were assessed for MCP-1, EGF, BFGF, IL-8, and COL-1 using ELISA on the rat skin wound healing activity. A one-way ANOVA was used for the data analysis. The EGF values in the plasma were similar in the povidone-iodine, hemp seed oil, and hemp essential oil groups (P > 0.05)....

Non-surgical pain management for hip joint disease in veterinary medicine

J Toholova, S Hornak, M Kuricova

Vet Med - Czech, 2024, 69(8):261-272 | DOI: 10.17221/19/2024-VETMED  

The most common orthopaedic developmental disease in dogs is hip dysplasia. This condition results in coxofemoral laxity due to incongruity and lack of stabilisation of the joint by the soft tissues. Currently, there is no therapeutic plan to correct hip dysplasia without surgical intervention at a very early age. The goal of the non-surgical treatment is to relieve pain and stiffness and to increase the muscle strength, usually through hydrotherapy and the beneficial physical properties of water. Recently, there has been growing interest in regenerative medicine, which involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their products to alleviate...