Bettina Arnold
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Anthropology, Faculty Member
- I am a European prehistorian specializing in the pre-Roman Iron Age. My interests include the archaeological interpre... moreI am a European prehistorian specializing in the pre-Roman Iron Age. My interests include the archaeological interpretation and analysis of complex societies, particularly as reflected in mortuary contextsedit
How do we make sense of the indefensible? The search for rational explanations for the Holocaust and its attendant horrors has preoccupied scholars for almost a century and attempts to understand it have ranged from systemic, birds-eye... more
How do we make sense of the indefensible? The search for rational explanations for the Holocaust and its attendant horrors has preoccupied scholars for almost a century and attempts to understand it have ranged from systemic, birds-eye view analyses to first-person, worms-eye view narratives, with variable success. Although biographies of several key figures in prehistoric German archaeology under National Socialism have appeared in the last two decades, they have largely been confined to descriptive chronological narratives with little or no consideration of post-1945 life histories. This case study utilizes a comparison of the career trajectories of prehistorians Hans Reinerth and Herbert Jankuhn, top-ranking officials in the Rosenberg Office and the Ahnenerbe, respectively, to reveal the complexity and diversity of the motivations that led archaeologists to the NSDAP and affected the actions they engaged in between 1933 and 1945. The very different pre-, peri- and post-war experiences of these two archaeologists reveal the extent to which the German university system first fostered and then turned a largely blind eye to the activities of archaeologists engaged in underwriting the ideological program of German National Socialism.
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Archaeologically and historically derived sources of evidence about the cultural evolutionary and socio-economic history of the production and consumption of ancient alcohol have been significantly increased recently by breakthroughs in... more
Archaeologically and historically derived sources of evidence about the cultural evolutionary and socio-economic history of the production and consumption of ancient alcohol have been significantly increased recently by breakthroughs in various areas of scientific analysis. At the same time public interest in craft brews and other forms of culturally enriched alcoholic beverages in west-central Europe and the Americas has
resulted in an unprecedented appetite for research-based information about their origins and cultural foundations. This presents an opportunity for archaeologists and historians to partner with researchers in chemistry, agriculture, biology and the brewing industry in developing outreach initiatives whose goals include educating the general public about
the disciplines involved in the study of the science and culture of ancient alcohol. The pedagogical potential of partnerships between universities and local museums, breweries and other businesses in the study of ancient alcohol is illustrated by a recent initiative developed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, also known as Brew City, USA.
Free download: https://www.sidestone.com/books/cooking-with-plants-in-ancient-europe-and-beyond
resulted in an unprecedented appetite for research-based information about their origins and cultural foundations. This presents an opportunity for archaeologists and historians to partner with researchers in chemistry, agriculture, biology and the brewing industry in developing outreach initiatives whose goals include educating the general public about
the disciplines involved in the study of the science and culture of ancient alcohol. The pedagogical potential of partnerships between universities and local museums, breweries and other businesses in the study of ancient alcohol is illustrated by a recent initiative developed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, also known as Brew City, USA.
Free download: https://www.sidestone.com/books/cooking-with-plants-in-ancient-europe-and-beyond
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Review of: Wendling, H., Augstein, M., Fries-Knoblach, J., Ludwig, K., Schumann, R., Tappert, C., Trebsche, P. & Wiethold, J. (Hrsg.) (2019). Übergangswelten – Todesriten: Forschungen zur Bestattungskultur der europäischen Eisenzeit.... more
Review of: Wendling, H., Augstein, M., Fries-Knoblach, J., Ludwig, K., Schumann, R., Tappert, C., Trebsche, P. & Wiethold, J. (Hrsg.) (2019). Übergangswelten – Todesriten: Forschungen zur Bestattungskultur der europäischen Eisenzeit. (Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas, 86). Langenweissbach: Beier & Beran. 331 Seiten, 201 Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramme. ISBN 978-3-95741-089-4
Rezension zu: Ludwig Wamser, Mauenheim und Bargen. Zwei Grabhügelfelder der Hallstatt- und Frühlatènezeit aus dem nördlichen Hegau. Compiled by Andrea Bräuning, with contributions by Wolfgang Löhlein, Corina Knipper, Marcus Stecher,... more
Rezension zu: Ludwig Wamser, Mauenheim und Bargen. Zwei Grabhügelfelder der Hallstatt- und Frühlatènezeit aus dem nördlichen Hegau. Compiled by Andrea Bräuning, with contributions by Wolfgang Löhlein, Corina Knipper, Marcus Stecher, Elisabeth Stephan and Joachim Wahl. Forschungen und Berichte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg volume 2. Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 2016. € 59.00. ISBN 978-3954902163. 500 pages with 58 plates, some in colour, 7 maps
Rezension zu: Patrice Brun/Bruno Chaume (Dir.), Vix et les éphèmères principautés celtiques. Les VIe et Ve siècles avant J.-C. en Europe centre-occidentale. Actes du colloque de Châtillon-sur- Seine (27–29 octobre 1993). Editions Errance,... more
Rezension zu: Patrice Brun/Bruno Chaume (Dir.), Vix et les éphèmères principautés celtiques. Les VIe et Ve siècles avant J.-C. en Europe centre-occidentale. Actes du colloque de Châtillon-sur- Seine (27–29 octobre 1993). Editions Errance, Paris 1997. ISBN 2-87772-132-9. 408 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen.
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Archaeologists act both as curators and interpreters of collective memory as represented by the material record of past human populations. The significance of archaeological evidence to political systems is demonstrated by the frequency... more
Archaeologists act both as curators and interpreters of collective memory as represented by the material record of past human populations. The significance of archaeological evidence to political systems is demonstrated by the frequency with which such evidence is used to lend ...
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Fig. 7. Range of messages associated with different personal ornament elements.
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The intersectionality of space, time and identity is expressed in the human built environment to varying degrees but is especially salient in monumental defensive architecture. In prehistoric European contexts the style and execution of... more
The intersectionality of space, time and identity is expressed in the human built environment to varying degrees but is especially salient in monumental defensive architecture. In prehistoric European contexts the style and execution of fortification systems are traditionally interpreted as the result of a combination of functional requirements and the expression of communal identity. Applying the conceptual framework provided by cultural geography to the interpretation of recent discoveries at the Early Iron Age hillfort settlement of the Heuneburg on the upper Danube in southwest Germany, we suggest that individual, even idiosyncratic decision-making may have played a larger role in the design of some defensive systems than previously supposed. The potentially transgressive nature of such architectural power-plays requires an interpretive approach that explicitly addresses both the political and agential aspects of human geography.
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"The 1989 Chacmool Conference on the Archaeology of Gender resulted in a ground-breaking volume with the same title, one of the first attempts to present the work of scholars interested in the archaeology... more
"The 1989 Chacmool Conference on the Archaeology of Gender resulted in a ground-breaking volume with the same title, one of the first attempts to present the work of scholars interested in the archaeology of gender in a single publication. I published a critique of the state of Iron Age gender studies in west-central Europe (Arnold 1991) in that volume, focusing particularly on the elite burial of the so-called Vix “princess” and its androcentric interpretation as a “transvestite male priest”. Revisiting the topic of the archaeology of gender in Iron Age Europe after two decades suggests that significant progress has been made since 1989. An overview of recent approaches to Iron Age gender archaeology in the context of mortuary analysis is presented, including a discussion of more recent work on the Vix burial itself (Knüsel, 2002; Rolley, 2003)."
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The complex interplay between dress and identity has long been a subject of analysis in several fields of study, but until recently, the approach to gender in archaeological mortuary contexts has tended to default to a reductionist binary... more
The complex interplay between dress and identity has long been a subject of analysis in several fields of study, but until recently, the approach to gender in archaeological mortuary contexts has tended to default to a reductionist binary structure. The concept of intercategorical intersectionality (McCall Signs, 30(3), 1771–1800, 2005) as applied to dress and its material correlates both confounds and challenges this problematic and restricted view of gender in prehistoric societies. Data from an area of Europe in which Iron Age populations marked an interconnected set of social roles through the medium of personal adornment in mortuary contexts reveal significant ambiguities, including two related and apparently significant patterns: the relative under-representation of adult males as compared to females (with a correspondingly large “indeterminate” gender category) and what appears to be an exclusively (and improbably) “female” subadult elite group buried in tumuli. The complex interdigitization of gender with other social roles in mortuary contexts suggests that our interpretations of the early Iron Age burial program must be correspondingly flexible to do justice to this intersectional complexity.
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Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Geochemistry, Paleopathology, Archaeological Science, and 12 moreBiology, Proteomics, Ceramics (Archaeology), Prehistoric Europe (Archaeology), Residue Analysis (Archaeology), Mortuary archaeology, Mortuary Practices, Iron Age Europe, Residue and use wear analysis, Ceramic Analysis Archaeology, Pottery Archaeology, and Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fevers
Functional societies, like functional individuals, engage in a selective winnowing of past events in the creation of their identities. They do this by both remembering and forgetting, partly out of necessity in order to manage an... more
Functional societies, like functional individuals, engage in a selective winnowing of past events in the creation of their identities. They do this by both remembering and forgetting, partly out of necessity in order to manage an overwhelming amount of information and partly to minimize traumatic experiences that might otherwise lead to an inability to function normally. At the group level this process takes place in two ways: the conservation or the destruction of heritage. The conservation of the past is a form of selective editing at several levels -- not all sites are chosen for excavation and only a small number of those that are excavated are highlighted in publications, heritage tourism or museum exhibits for example -- while the destruction of the past literally erases some sites or evidence and thereby ensures that it will not be available in physical form for study or symbolic manipulation by potentially hostile interest groups.
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Archaeological chronologies tend to conflate temporalities from all cultural contexts in a region without consideration for the different depositional trajectories and life histories of the objects that serve as the basis of those... more
Archaeological chronologies tend to conflate temporalities from all cultural contexts in a region without consideration for the different depositional trajectories and life histories of the objects that serve as the basis of those chronologies. Social variables, such as gender, age, status, and individual mobility, act on artifacts in ways that must be identified and differentiated in order for seriations derived from one context to be applicable in another. This article presents evidence from early Iron Age contexts in Southwest Germany to illustrate this phenomenon and discusses its ramifications from the perspective of a case study focusing on the mortuary landscape of the Heuneburg hillfort on the Danube River. Gender in particular is strongly marked in this society and can be shown to affect the depositional tempo of certain artifact categories, which have different social lives and depositional fates depending on context. Artifact assemblages vary not only in terms of archaeological context and temporality but also are impacted by the social personae of the human agents responsible for, or associated with, their deposition.
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... edited by Ladislav Šmejda & Jan Turek Plzeň 2004 Page 2. 4 Spatial analysis of funerary areas Edited by Ladislav Šmejda & Jan Turek Publication of the Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of West... more
... edited by Ladislav Šmejda & Jan Turek Plzeň 2004 Page 2. 4 Spatial analysis of funerary areas Edited by Ladislav Šmejda & Jan Turek Publication of the Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of West Bohemia, Sedláčkova 31, Plzeň, Czech Republic. ...
Research Interests: Archaeology, Spatial Analysis, Archaeobotany, Landscape Archaeology, Palaeolithic Archaeology, and 15 moreMesolithic Archaeology, Funerary Archaeology, Archaeological GIS, Neolithic Archaeology, Gender Archaeology, Corded Ware Culture, Etruscan Archaeology, Iron Age, Human Osteology, Early Bronze Age Archaeology, Eneolithic, Burial Customs, Death and Burial Archaeology, Pottery Archaeology, and Burial Practices Archaeology
ABSTRACT 3-dimensional visualizations are becoming a very useful tool in various archaeological contexts, from representations of individual artifacts to complex sites and architectural reconstructions. Useful as these applications are,... more
ABSTRACT 3-dimensional visualizations are becoming a very useful tool in various archaeological contexts, from representations of individual artifacts to complex sites and architectural reconstructions. Useful as these applications are, what is often missing is the ability to illuminate detailed intra-site patterning. Here, we provide background on a pilot project that uses data derived from excavation records to create a 3D visualization focused on identifying new burial patterns within a single site. This project digitized burial data (location and artifact) from Tumulus 18 in the Speckhau mound group associated with the early Iron Age (700–400 BC) Heuneburg hillfort in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Based on the spatial data obtained from digitized excavation maps, topographic and locational data were entered into Esri's ArcScene to construct a 3D model of the mound prior to excavation as well as schematic representations of individual burials within the tumulus. Spatial and attribute data for both graves and artifacts were used to identify preliminary patterns of deposition and social relationships. We address the potential of this method of visualization for highlighting spatiotemporal patterns within burial mounds, and for generating research questions that have not been previously recognized using conventional mortuary analysis methods.
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Research Interests: Iconography, Art, Animal Studies, Cypriot Archaeology, Eurasia, and 14 moreHittite, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Mycenaean era archaeology, Etruscan Archaeology, Assyrian archaeology, Minoan art and archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Ancient Seals and Sealings, Mesopotamia, Master of Animals, Greek art and archaeology, Mycenaean Art and Archaeology, Celtic archaeology and art, and Crete
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Research Interests: Iron Age and Expedition
1. Introduction: beyond the mists: forging an ethnological approach to Celtic studies Bettina Arnold, and D. Blair Gibson Part I. Celtic Political Systems: Research Paradigms: 2. From chiefdom to state organization in Celtic Europe... more
1. Introduction: beyond the mists: forging an ethnological approach to Celtic studies Bettina Arnold, and D. Blair Gibson Part I. Celtic Political Systems: Research Paradigms: 2. From chiefdom to state organization in Celtic Europe Patrice Brun 3. Building an historical ecology of Gaulish polities Carole L. Crumley 4. The early Celts of west central Europe: the semantics of social structure Franz Fischer Part II. Recovering Iron Age Social Systems: 5. The material culture of social structure: rank and status in early Iron-Age Europe Bettina Arnold 6. The significance of major settlements in European Iron Age society Olivier Buchsenschutz 7. Early 'Celtic' socio-political relations: ideological representation and social competition in dynamic comparative perspective Michael Dietler Part III. The Question of Statehood in La Tene Europe: 8. States without centres? The Middle La Tene period in temperate Europe John Collis 9. Late Iron-Age society in Britain and north-east Europe...
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... Her publications include Description of the Collections in the Rijksmuseum GM Kam at Nijmegen IX: the mirrors (1981) Proinsias Mac Cana is Senior Professor in the School of ... His main research interests are in the North British Iron... more
... Her publications include Description of the Collections in the Rijksmuseum GM Kam at Nijmegen IX: the mirrors (1981) Proinsias Mac Cana is Senior Professor in the School of ... His main research interests are in the North British Iron Age and the late Neolithic period in Britain. ...
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between then and now. In some ways, The Archaeology of Fire in the Bronze Age of Romania can be classified as a sort of catalogue. The text provides more than surface information, but does not delve particularly deep into the phenomena... more
between then and now. In some ways, The Archaeology of Fire in the Bronze Age of Romania can be classified as a sort of catalogue. The text provides more than surface information, but does not delve particularly deep into the phenomena discussed. A non-reader of the Romanian language might find it difficult to seek more information as all except one of the many references are in Romanian. Despite these shortcomings, the book has many advantages. I truly feel that I know much more about the Romanian Bronze Age than I did before. The book also stirred my curiosity and pushed me to continue my reading. Still, I wish it were a more thorough text that put problems into perspective. The vast number of figures, tables and lists could have been reduced and the complexity of the contents increased. There is the old saying that an image says more than a thousand words. In this case, I would disagree. I would gladly have exchanged some figures for text. The book has its shortcomings, but Schuster, Comşa and Popa are nonetheless to be congratulated for their publication. Their thematic stance is unique for Romanian archaeology and therefore the book adds to the literature. The next book on fire certainly will be better, or as the authors write: ‘Further on, some new steps can be made’.
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This book is a publication of a session held on the EAA Annual meeting in Thessaloniki. It covers a wide range of theoretical and methodological issues, such as: locating cemeteries in the landscape; age; gender and social relations... more
This book is a publication of a session held on the EAA Annual meeting in Thessaloniki. It covers a wide range of theoretical and methodological issues, such as: locating cemeteries in the landscape; age; gender and social relations derived from mortuary evidence, and also the chronological and spatial development of sites and the question of their continuity. The chronological span of topics is wide - from the Palaeolithic to the Iron Age; the geographical scope equally so, including vast regions of Europe from Belgium to Estonia, and from Italy to Scandinavia. New methods and approaches, such as ancient DNA analysis, advanced databases and Geographic Information Systems, are all taken into account. 160p, color and b/w figs, maps.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Spatial Analysis, Archaeobotany, Landscape Archaeology, Palaeolithic Archaeology, and 15 moreMesolithic Archaeology, Funerary Archaeology, Archaeological GIS, Neolithic Archaeology, Gender Archaeology, Corded Ware Culture, Etruscan Archaeology, Iron Age, Human Osteology, Early Bronze Age Archaeology, Eneolithic, Burial Customs, Death and Burial Archaeology, Pottery Archaeology, and Burial Practices Archaeology
Although the nuanced and complex nature of conflict in pre-literate societies like those documented in the West-Central European Iron Age before the arrival of the Romans has been acknowledged for some time, distinguishing between... more
Although the nuanced and complex nature of conflict in pre-literate societies like those documented in the West-Central European Iron Age before the arrival of the Romans has been acknowledged for some time, distinguishing between different types of violent interaction almost exclusively on the basis of material remains has been a challenge. The motivations and conditions for external vs. internal conflict have been even more difficult to identify but there is increasing evidence to suggest that bottom-up or factional conflict as well as small-scale raiding between archaeologically indistinguishable groups was at least as important as large-scale pitched battles of the kind documented by later Roman authors. This article reviews the current state of research on conflict in Iron Age West-Central Europe on the basis of several case studies that illustrate the importance of multi-scalar analyses of violent interaction in prehistory and the need to develop suitably contextual approaches for such studies.
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In the alternative fairy tale The Princess Bride, as William Goldman's character Miracle Max reanimates the apparent corpse of the hero Westley, he tells the anxious group observing the procedure: ‘There's a big difference between... more
In the alternative fairy tale The Princess Bride, as William Goldman's character Miracle Max reanimates the apparent corpse of the hero Westley, he tells the anxious group observing the procedure: ‘There's a big difference between mostly dead and all dead. Mostly dead is slightly alive’ (Goldman 2007, 313). Only a select group of the dead can be characterized as being ‘slightly alive’, in the post-mortem agency sense, however, and the case studies presented here explore the many ways in which this subcategory of mostly dead individuals have engaged with and continue to impact the living in the past as well as today. Several themes emerge as especially salient: the iteration in the death-scape of the dynamic tension between the individual and the social group, which can result in transgression as well as conformity in the disposition of the body and its effects on the living; the symbolic capital represented by some dead bodies and the ways in which their potency may be affec...
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... Glass bead production, for example, was centered in the East Hallstatt area; the graphite ... fine ceramic wares was mined and processed for export near Passau in Bohemia; and salt ... mention food processing and heating dwellings)... more
... Glass bead production, for example, was centered in the East Hallstatt area; the graphite ... fine ceramic wares was mined and processed for export near Passau in Bohemia; and salt ... mention food processing and heating dwellings) would have led to significant deforestation in the ...
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Research Interests: Archaeology and Antiquity
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Research Interests: Iron Age and Expedition
Mortuary archaeology has always been viewed as one of the most richly evocative sources of evidence for past social systems, particularly those without writing. However, the political context within which archaeology developed as a... more
Mortuary archaeology has always been viewed as one of the most richly evocative sources of evidence for past social systems, particularly those without writing. However, the political context within which archaeology developed as a discipline, especially in countries with a colonial past, has made it difficult or impossible for the burial record to be utilized to its full potential. Ironically, this moratorium on the use of human remains for research purposes has been accompanied by the development of new analytical techniques , including ancient DNA (aDNA) and chemical analysis of skeletal material, which provide powerful tools for understanding complex social relationships and mobility within and between ancient populations. This review focuses on the United States and Europe because of the close relationship between their scholarly communities, as a result of which the limits placed on mortuary archaeology in the United States has had and continues to have a direct impact on the development of the discipline in numerous European countries. The inferential potential of bioarchaeology in particular is discussed against the backdrop of these sociohistorical developments, and the case studies presented highlight the powerful array of interdisciplinary approaches now being brought to bear on our understanding of ancient social systems.
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List of figures. List of tables. List of contributors. Part 1. Crossing the divide. 1. Crossing the Divide: opening a dialogue on approaches to Western European first millennium BC studies. Part 2. Landscape studies. 2. Settlement and... more
List of figures. List of tables. List of contributors. Part 1. Crossing the divide. 1. Crossing the Divide: opening a dialogue on approaches to Western European first millennium BC studies. Part 2. Landscape studies. 2. Settlement and landscape in Iron Age Europe: ...
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Research Interests: Archaeology and Antiquity
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Old World iconography from the Upper Paleolithic to the Christian era consistently features symbolic representations of both female and male protagonists in confl ict with, accompanied by or transmuted partly or completely into, animals.... more
Old World iconography from the Upper Paleolithic to the Christian era consistently features symbolic representations of both female and male protagonists in confl ict with, accompanied by or transmuted partly or completely into, animals. Adversarial relationships are made explicit through hunting and sacrifi ce scenes, including heraldic compositions featuring a central fi gure grasping beasts arrayed on either side, while more implicit expressions are manifested in zoomorphic attributes (horns, headdresses, skins, etc.) and composite or hybrid fi gures that blend animal and human elements into a single image. While the so-called Mistress of Animals has attracted signifi cant scholarly attention, her male counterpart, the Master of Animals, so far has not been accorded a correspondingly comprehensive synthetic study. In an effort to fi ll this gap in scholarship, The Master of Animals in Old World Iconography assembles archaeological, iconographical, and literary evidence for the Master of Animals from a variety of cultural contexts and disparate chronological horizons throughout the Old World, with a particular focus on Europe and the Mediterranean basin as well as the Indus Valley and Eurasia. The volume does not seek to demonstrate relatedness between different manifestations of this fi gure, even though some are clearly ontologically and geographically linked, but rather to interpret the role of this iconographic construct within each cultural context. In doing so, The Master of Animals in Old World Iconography provides an important resource for scholars confronting similar symbolic paradigms across the Old World landscape that foregrounds comparative interpretation in diverse ritual and socio-political environments.
Research Interests: Iconography, Animal Studies, Cypriot Archaeology, Eurasia, Hittite, and 14 moreAegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Mycenaean era archaeology, Etruscan Archaeology, Assyrian archaeology, Minoan art and archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Ancient Seals and Sealings, the Sea Peoples, XIX - XX Dynasty in Egypt, the Hittites, the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Medittaranean, Mesopotamia, Master of Animals, Greek art and archaeology, Mycenaean Art and Archaeology, Celtic archaeology and art, and Crete
Old World iconography from the Upper Paleolithic to the Christian era consistently features symbolic representations of both female and male protagonists in conflict with, accompanied by or transmuted partly or completely into, animals.... more
Old World iconography from the Upper Paleolithic to the Christian era consistently features symbolic representations of both female and male protagonists in conflict with, accompanied by or transmuted partly or completely into, animals. Adversarial relationships are made explicit through hunting and sacrifice scenes, including heraldic compositions featuring a central figure grasping beasts arrayed on either side, while more implicit expressions are manifested in zoomorphic attributes (horns, headdresses, skins, etc.) and composite or hybrid figures that blend animal and human elements into a single image. While the so-called Mistress of Animals has attracted significant scholarly attention, her male counterpart, the Master of Animals, so far has not been accorded a correspondingly comprehensive synthetic study. In an effort to fill this gap in scholarship, The Master of Animals in Old World Iconography assembles archaeological, iconographical, and literary evidence for the Master of Animals from a variety of cultural contexts and disparate chronological horizons throughout the Old World, with a particular focus on Europe and the Mediterranean basin as well as the Indus Valley and Eurasia. The volume does not seek to demonstrate relatedness between different manifestations of this figure, even though some are clearly ontologically and geographically linked, but rather to interpret the role of this iconographic construct within each cultural context. In doing so, The Master of Animals in Old World Iconography provides an important resource for scholars confronting similar symbolic paradigms across the Old World landscape that foregrounds comparative interpretation in diverse ritual and socio-political environments.
This special issue of e-Keltoi will present more than twenty articles by scholars who are recognized as experts in their respective disciplines on the archaeology, folklore, language, religion, music and culture of the Celts in the... more
This special issue of e-Keltoi will present more than twenty articles by scholars who are recognized as experts in their respective disciplines on the archaeology, folklore, language, religion, music and culture of the Celts in the Iberian Peninsula. Much of this research is recent or on going and most of it has not previously been published in English. Many of the articles will be accompanied by numerous illustrations of the sites, artifacts, folk festivals and landscapes of one of the most intriguing areas of the Celtic world. Articles will appear on-line in the order in which they complete the review and editing process, so check the site frequently.
Burials are places where archaeologists reasonably expect gendered ideologies and practices to play out in the archaeological record. Yet only modest progress has been made in teasing out gender from these mortuary contexts. In this... more
Burials are places where archaeologists reasonably expect gendered ideologies and practices to play out in the archaeological record. Yet only modest progress has been made in teasing out gender from these mortuary contexts. In this volume, methods for doing so are presented, cases of successful gender theorizing from mortuary data presented, and comparisons made between European and Americanist traditions in this kind of work. Cases are broad in temporal and geographic scope--from Inuit burials in Alaska and Oneota mortuary rituals to Viking Scandinavia, Neolithic China and Iron Age Britain. Methods for identifying and analyzing gender are suggested for cultures at various levels of social complexity with or without documentary or ethnoarchaeological evidence to assist in the analysis. A volume of great interest for those attempting to develop an archaeology of gender.
This book is based on a selection of papers presented at the Fifth Gender and Archaeology Conference held at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in October 1998. The central theme was the practical application of the theoretical... more
This book is based on a selection of papers presented at the Fifth Gender and Archaeology Conference held at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in October 1998. The central theme was the practical application of the theoretical introspection that has characterized much of the emphasis on gender in archaeological studies. Explored is engendered archaeology by presenting concrete examples of how gender theory can be applied in archaeological praxis. Papers include: MARY ANN EAVERLY: Color and Gender in Ancient Painting: A Pan-Mediterranean Approach; PAUL REHAK: The Aegean Landscape and the Body: A New Interpretation of the Thera Frescoes; SUSAN LANGDON: Figurines and Social Change: Visualizing Gender in Dark Age Greece; ELKA WEINSTEIN: Images of Women in Ancient Chorrera Ceramics: Cultural Continuity across Two Millennia in the Tropical Forests of South America; JOEL W. PALKA: Classic Maya Elite Parentage and Social Structure with Insights on Ancient Gender Ideology; MONICA l. BELLAS: Women in the Mixtec Codices: Ceremonial and Ritual Roles of Lady 3 Flint; WILLIAM GRIFFIN: Gendered Graffiti from Madagascar to Michigan; GINA MARUCCI: Women’s Ritual Sites in the Interior of British Columbia: An Archaeological Model; HELENA VICTOR: The House and the Woman: Re-reading Scandinavian Bronze Age Society; SUSANNE AXELSSON: ‘Peopling’ the Farm – Engendering Life at a Swedish Iron Age Farm; LILLIAN RAHTJE: Husbandry and Seal Hunting in Northern Coastal Sweden: The Amazon and the Hunter; ROBERT JARVENPA and HETTY JO BRUMBACH: The Gendered Nature of Living and Storage Space in the Canadian Subarctic; JILLIAN E. GALLE: Haute Couture: Cotton, Class and Culture Change in the American Southwest; HOLLY MARTELLE: Redefining Craft Specialization: Women’s Labor and Pottery Production – An Iroquoian Example; MICHAEL J. KLEIN: Shell Midden Archaeology: Gender, Labor, and Stone Artifacts.
In this collection, archaeologists, historians, geographers and language specialists reexamine the structure and political development of Celtic states scattered across present-day Europe. The main theoretical focus is on whether and when... more
In this collection, archaeologists, historians, geographers and language specialists reexamine the structure and political development of Celtic states scattered across present-day Europe. The main theoretical focus is on whether and when state-level complexity was attained in the different Celtic settlements. The contributors also discuss and evaluate the various methods for studying Celtic social systems: the historical textual studies, as opposed to the analysis of the archaeological record, and the use of regional comparisons.
Before internet and electronic communication, letters served the same function as emails and telegrams were the equivalent of social media today. Conferences and other formal and informal in-person meetings were the main occasions for... more
Before internet and electronic communication, letters served the same function as emails and telegrams were the equivalent of social media today. Conferences and other formal and informal in-person meetings were the main occasions for scientific networking. This is where researchers met, discussed ideas and made contacts that were added to their social and academic networks. These networks were used for multiple purposes, from personal to professional and from scientific to non -scientific. They connected the East with the West and the North with the South and were maintained through correspondence in which people not only shared thoughts, but also sent each other artefacts, replicas, photographs, drafts of publications, journals and books. Studying these networks and their configurations is an important means of reconstructing the history of archaeology. This session aims to explore networks and the various networking modes throughout the history of archaeology in Europe and beyond, from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. We welcome papers that examine any of the following topics: archaeological actors (e.g., scholars, collectors, amateurs, illustrators and others without formal training); the structures, patterns and dynamics of networks in archaeology and the strategies used for building them; the advantages and disadvantages of being part of networks formed around archaeological collections, museums, departments and other societies and institutions; and the role of networks and networking in the inclusion of women in the discipline, especially in the establishment of hierarchies and power relationships in the field. We would also like to encourage discussions on the importance of networks and networking in the production, transfer and exchange of knowledge, as well as in the dissemination of archaeological theories and ideas, excavations, finds and research results; the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaborations that resulted from these interactions; and the exchange of objects, both archaeological and non-archaeological, that often accompanied correspondence.
Keywords: history of archaeology; networks; networking; communication; correspondence; information transfer.
Keywords: history of archaeology; networks; networking; communication; correspondence; information transfer.
Research Interests: History of Science and Technology, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Social Networks, Actor Network Theory, and 10 moreHistory of Science, History of Social Sciences, History of Archaeological Praxis, History of Communication, History of Archeology, History and philosophy of science (History), History of Archaeology, Network Theory, History and Sociology of Science, and Archeology
The circulation of concepts, ideas, theories and methods was essential to the development of archaeology since its early days. Evolutionism, the three-age system, diffusionism, culture history, processual archaeology, radiocarbon dating,... more
The circulation of concepts, ideas, theories and methods was essential to the development of archaeology since its early days. Evolutionism, the three-age system, diffusionism, culture history, processual archaeology, radiocarbon dating, behavioural archaeology, the Harris matrix, post-processual archaeology and new materialism, among many others, have all shaped archaeological theory and practice as we know it today. However, their impact on and absorption in the discipline was geographically and chronologically uneven. This session explores knowledge transmission and exchange throughout the history of archaeology in Europe and elsewhere, from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. We welcome papers that examine any of the following topics: the trajectories followed by concepts, ideas, theories and methods during their dispersal within the archaeology of different regions; the dissemination channels (e.g. correspondence, congresses, publications) through which these were transmitted and the role of social and academic networks in this process; and their use as devices for propaganda purposes, attaining personal prestige (including through appropriation) and establishing power relationships and hierarchies. We would also like to encourage discussions on the reception or rejection of various intellectual frameworks in the archaeology of different countries, and the political, economic, social and cultural contexts in which these attitudes occurred; the ways in which conceptual and methodological schemes influenced the practice of archaeological actors and institutions, and fostered multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary encounters.