School of government

The then President Obasanjo sent to the National Assembly a " Bill for an Act to Amend the Trade Unions Act " and it was enacted by the Federal Government in 2005 which introduced some labour reforms that are seen by some as a welcome development while other view it as an attempt by the government to clampdown on the Nigeria Labour Congress against the background of its opposition to government programme and policies. This work aimed at critically examining the Trade Union (Amendment) Act 2005 in reforming Trade Unions; examining the advantages and inadequacies in the reforms introduced into the Trade Union Amendment Act 2005; and to disclose some findings and make possible recommendations. Accordingly, the problems this research examines among other things are: The Trade Union (Amendment) Act 2005 and the right to freedom of association; The Trade Union (Amendment) Act 2005 and the democratization of labour movement; the right to strike in Nigeria; the finality of the adjudicator/ power of the National Industrial Court; the payment of check off dues in Nigeria and ban on picketing in Nigeria.

Entrepreneurship has become a tool for uplifting nations and improving their socioeconomic development for the benefit of all citizens. This has worked for Western capitalist economies and the newly industrialized countries (NICs). In Africa there is less reliance on entrepreneurship as an engine of economic growth and development which has led to unemployment pervasive poverty and underdevelopment. The paper examined how entrepreneurship can help to speed up socioeconomic development in Nigeria and reduce reliance on unsuccessful Western backed neoliberal development strategies. The data of the study were sourced from array of both published and unpublished materials such as textbook, journal papers, newspapers, magazines, conference papers and seminar papers and internet material. The paper argues that Nigeria cannot develop without utilizing entrepreneurship as the cornerstone of its development strategy. Furthermore, the paper sees entrepreneurship as crucial to developing indigenous capacity in technology, manufacturing and export trade. It recommends development and implementation of local solutions to developmental problems, effective implementation of development policies, and credit provision to local entrepreneurs and creation an enabling environment for production and trade, and capacity development of Nigerian youth through technical and vocational training.

This study attempted to examine the impact of effective leadership on employee's performance in Zaria local government of Kaduna State. The study also examines the influence of leadership effectiveness on organizational productivity. Survey and documentary research was employed as the research design of the study. Data were sourced from both primary and secondary source. Structured questionnaire constituted the basic instrument for data collection of the study. Descriptive statistical tools such as table, percentage and mean score were used in the presentation and analysis of data. Chi-square as a non-parametric tool was utilized in the testing of the research hypotheses. Conclusion is drawn that effective leadership will have no glamour except employees of the organization are supervise and giving the opportunities to participate in the decision making of the organization, so as to enable them contribute to the realization of the organizational goals and objectives. Recommendations such as participatory leadership, flexibility management and supervision, exemplary leadership and a lot of others were proffered.

Organizations are established with certain specific aims and goals which are directly reflected in the vision and mission of the organizations. Public organizations are also established with specified goals and objectives to be attained. This study investigates the effect of organizational leadership on the organizations level of performance. For the purpose of this study, a survey research was employed and data was generated primarily through the use of questionnaire, focus was given to academic staff of the Nigeria's University and the leadership of the various faculties and departments. Data generated was tested using correlation and the result reveals that to a large extent the leadership style employed has affected timely achievement of stated goals by academic staff. Also it was revealed that the leadership of the organization does not promote academic staff exceeding their stated goals. It was recommended that; appropriate leadership style should be adopted by the leaders of the various faculties and departments so that the workers will be able to guarantee timely result delivery also the leadership styles by the faculty and departmental heads should be reviewed to enhance staff ability to exceed their set targets.

This paper examines the nexus among the 'embattled trinity,' using a contextual analysis of the Nigerian experience under the fourth republic. It argues that whereas democracy, defined as the process by which exercise of political power is vested on the people through their elected representative(s), could be a harbinger of development, with good governance as the link in the chain, much of it would however depend on its time-frame, depth and the context within which it is pursued. It applies institutional analysis to explore the connections between democracy, good governance and development in Nigeria. Data was generated mainly through secondary sources of publications and report. The study reveals that the present state of democracy, good governance and development in Nigeria gives cause for concern, as it tends towards the direction of disempowerment. Indeed, challenges were outlined and were critically examined, leading us to the basic question of whether if Nigeria is really making steps to democracy, good governance and development. While democracy, good governance and development have been on course, it has not taken a firm root, because it has so far been pursued and predicated on western institutions. Given this scenario, the paper recommends for an urgent need for a reversal of the trend, if democracy, good governance and development must be genuinely nurtured and sustained in Nigeria, in the circumstance, we consider social mobilization in all its ramifications as a highly useful and pivotal option.

This study discusses Electoral Management Bodies (EMBs) leadership challenges utilizing INEC's environment. INEC leadership underperformance compelled the study. The study aimed to identify INEC leaders' 1999-2019 difficulties. The study used in-depth interview data. Nine commission leaders with extensive expertise were interviewed. The analysis shows that INEC's leadership system hinders its mandate. Inadequate manpower, political elites' manipulation, inadequate training, ad-hoc staff problems, inadequate funding, lack of technological know-how, financial autonomy, standard operating system, poor electorate cooperation, and political interference have hampered INEC's democratic election organization in Nigeria. The INEC should have complete independence, embrace innovations, reforms, sensitization programs, adequate funding, more permanent staff, improved voting machines, and training and retraining to help Nigeria hold credible elections. These obstacles help INEC leadership establish itself in the electoral system to foster democratic growth, maturity, and consolidation.

This study discusses Electoral Management Bodies (EMBs) leadership challenges utilizing INEC's environment. INEC leadership underperformance compelled the study. The study aimed to identify INEC leaders' 1999-2019 difficulties. The study used in-depth interview data. Nine commission leaders with extensive expertise were interviewed. The analysis shows that INEC's leadership system hinders its mandate. Inadequate manpower, political elites' manipulation, inadequate training, ad-hoc staff problems, inadequate funding, lack of technological know-how, financial autonomy, standard operating system, poor electorate cooperation, and political interference have hampered INEC's democratic election organization in Nigeria. The INEC should have complete independence, embrace innovations, reforms, sensitization programs, adequate funding, more permanent staff, improved voting machines, and training and retraining to help Nigeria hold credible elections. These obstacles help INEC leadership establish itself in the electoral system to foster democratic growth, maturity, and consolidation.

Past studies have shown that nations that borrow money from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have greater rates of poverty, unemployment, and inflation than countries that do not borrow from the IMF. This is despite the fact that the IMF claims that fostering economic development is one of its objectives. The IMF loans conditions that are shown to have the most detrimental impact on economies are the subject of this study, which focused, specifically on Nigeria. In order to obtain data for this research, primary data sources such as official documents, newspapers, journals, and other similar sources were utilized, and Neoliberal theory was employed as the theoretical foundation for the study. Our research showed that the IMF loan conditions of currency devaluation and subsidy removal negatively impacted not just Nigeria's economy but also the nation's overall standard of living. As a result, it was recommended that the government should make an effort to diversify the economy, modify its relations with international financial organizations like the IMF and the World Bank, and give the populace access to the necessary resources to improve their standard of living.

Islam yang mula bertapak di Nusantara semasa masyarakatnya berada dalam pluralisme agama. Kepelbagaian agama yang dianuti sebelumnya telah disatukan di bawah panji-panji Islam melalui proses pendidikan. Ia terus berkembang hingga membentuk sebuah empayar Islam bergelar Kesultanan Melayu Melaka. Namun kolonialisme barat telah merungkai kesepaduan Islam dengan memecah sempadankan Nusantara mengikut jajahan takluk mereka. Tetapi Islam terus berasimilasi dengan sistem yang dibawa oleh penjajah walaupun berada dalam keadaan yang tertekan. Sistem pendidikan Islam yang menjadi tunjang agama turut sama berubah mengikut haluan semasa. Selepas Tanah Melayu mencapai kemerdekaan, sistem ini terus berkembang mengikut kesesuaian dan permintaan semasa masyarakat. Transformasi yang dibuat berasaskan keperluan pendidikan negara merupakan satu kebijakan Islam dalam mengurus sistem pendidikan agar ia sentiasa menepati citra rakyat tanpa bercanggah dengan sistem pendidikan ‘mainstream’ yang sedia ada. Persoalannya, apakah bentuk transformasi yang dilakukan sehingga sistem pendidikan Islam berupaya mengharungi cabaran untuk terus kekal hingga kini?. Perbincangan ini dirungkai berpaksikan tiga garis masa iaitu pra kolonial, kolonial dan pasca kolonial. Ia sangat perlu untuk melihat ujuran transformasi  yang berlaku ke atas Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Malaysia.

Education is one of the important things to develop the country. It’s base to manage the continuity of the human development. And the Islamic traditional education is a part of educational system to manage human values and contributes a lot of spiritual mankind ethics. But this aspect always disregard especially by Muslim communities which the Islamic traditional education has no economic values and not marketable to be add in the mainstream educational system. But how many peoples try to understand as an Islamic traditional education also gave more effort to the development. Nevertheless, an existence of ASEAN Community hopefully will be support and assist the Islamic traditional education to develop or expand their networking and sharing the Islamic knowledge to accommodate with current necessary. Collaboration between ASEAN Community should be easy to promote the Islamic traditional education as a part of important knowledge to develop civil society. So this paper tries to examine the concepts of Islamic traditional education which most popular in Malaysia, Indonesia and Southern Thailand and how they sustain in the global world education

abstrak Perkembangan pengajian Islam khususnya pengajian tahfiz telah diperkenalkan sejak zaman pra kolonial.Ia mula diinstitusikan setelah Malaysia mencapai kemerdekaan. Bermula dengan Kelas Pengajian Menghafaz al-Quran wal Qiraat kepada Maahad Tahfiz wal Qiraat seterusnya dinaiktaraf menjadi Darul Quran pada masa kini menunjukkan kemajuan yang sangat positif bagi pembangunan agama negara.Modenisasi yang berlaku di Malaysia pasca kemerdekaan telah membuka ruang dan peluang kepada penyebaran dakwah Islam dengan luas.Masyarakat Islam telah mula menyedari kepentingan beragama sebagai wadah bagi kemajuan hidup.Pengajian tahfiz menjadi salah satu platfom untuk masyarakat menterjemahkan kesedaran Islam mereka.Institusi tahfiz yang dipelopori oleh kerajaan tidak berupaya menampung jumlah permintaan yang tinggi daripada masyarakat.Kesannya telah membuka ruang bagi institusi tahfiz swasta untuk turut serta membantu kerajaan dalam memenuhi permintaan yang banyak itu.Dengan demikian, prospek bagi perkembangan bidang pengajian tahfiz ini sangat luas dengan adanya gandingan pihak kerajaan dan swasta tersebut.Namun lambakan institusi tahfiz terutama institusi tahfiz swasta turut memberi kesan dan akibat dari ketidakselarasan dalam pentadbiran, kurikulum, tempoh pengajian, penarafan sijil dan sebagainya. Akhirnya cabaran ini akan berbalik kepada pihak kerajaan melalui agensi yang bertanggungjawab untuk penyelesaian masalah tersebut. Cabaran ini perlu ditangani secara cermat dan bijaksana agar imej Islam di mata rakyat Malaysia tidak tercalar dengan isu-isu berbangkit masalah teknikal tersebut.Oleh kerana prospek institusi ini sangat luas, demikian juga dengan cabarannya.

A comparative analysis between the Pondok and Tsangaya traditional Islamic educational and spiritual systems in Malaysia and Nigeria indicates that, despite areas of similarity in origin and evolution, there exist a unique area of sharp contrast in relation to later life spirituality and elder care. The article maintains that, despite the two systems sharing wider similarities of originating from the traditional system of Arabic and Islamic education, the Pondok provides a complete platform for the spiritual life cycle with opportunities for devotion from childhood to death, while the Tsangaya covers childhood to early adulthood, thus, presenting a halfway approach to the spiritual life cycle. Recommendations were based on the need for the Tsangaya to model along aspects of the Pondok in a manner that will enable the incorporation of later life spiritual needs of the elderly. The purpose of this article is to carry out a comparative analysis of these two systems of traditional Islamic education in relation to eldercare and spiritual wellbeing. The relevance of this paper lies in the fact that population aging is currently receiving attention as global crises and issues of elderly wellbeing in all aspects are being explored in addressing the crises.

The quality of government service delivery has been questioned lately. Issues regarding bureaucratic red tape, inefficiency, delay, unresponsive, lack of empathy, and arrogance are some of the complaints received by the Public Complaint Bureau. Based upon this background, this paper attempts to examine the quality of service delivery in some selected local governments in Perak. The study utilizes a quantitative approach in which questionnaire surveys were distributed to local government staff and clients. A total of 500 customers and 150 staff participated in the survey. Using descriptive analysis, the findings demonstrate that the overall quality service delivery is satisfactory. Both citizens and staff feel that the local government involved in the study are able to deliver their services based on the needs of the clients. However, respondents also raise some serious concerns regarding certain issues such as lack of facilities (park and cleanliness ofpublic toilet), improper maint...