Steven A Moore

The peripheral anionic site of acetylcholinesterase lies at the entrance to the active site gorge. It is composed of five residues (Tyr 70, Asp 72, Tyr 121, Trp 279 and Tyr 334; Torpedo numbering); associated with it are a number of surface loops, conferring a high degree of conformational flexibility on the area. The site is involved in the allosteric modulation of catalysis at the active centre and is the target of various anti-cholinesterases. It is also implicated in a number of non-classical functions, in particular, amyloid deposition, cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. A number of peptide and protein ligands for the site have been identified. In this review, the structure and multiple functions of the peripheral anionic site are discussed, together with its potential as a target in rational drug design for the development of novel and improved inhibitors and of therapeutics for the treatment of neural cancers, nerve regeneration and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

Distillation/dehydration represents the largest fraction of the energy used in the production of ethanol. The Siftek™ technology introduced in this paper carries the potential of reducing energy consumption of distillation/dehydration by up to 50% through the single pass ...

... Thanks to Stephen Dutton for electronics board assembly and Trent Allison at Jefferson Lab for help with the Altera FPGA programming. Thanks to the Operations and Commissioning team of the FEL for their support and technical advice. ... [2] D. Sexton, etc., “Development of ...

The management of 10 cases of penile gunshot wounds treated at Henry Ford Hospital from 1982 to 1986 is reviewed. All patients were assaulted by low velocity weapons (handguns). Eight patients had associated injuries, predominantly to the genital region (thigh, pubis, and scrotum). There were 5 urethral injuries; 4 were treated with primary repair, the remaining patient underwent delayed repair, complicated by severe urethral strictures requiring reoperation. Blood at the urethral meatus was suggestive of urethral injury but microscopic hematuria was not. Five penile injuries did not involve the urethra and were treated by debridement and primary wound closure with no immediate or delayed complications. In dealing with these injuries we recommend a high index of suspicion for urethral and regional organ injury and primary urethral closure if at all possible.

Günther Anders was speaking for the age of nuclear weapons when he noted that technological capabilities exceed human comprehension. Genetically modified organisms, pervasive computing in smart environments, and envisioned nanotechnological ...

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a major clinical problem and there is a general lack of animal models to study this condition. Carrageenan is commonly used to produce short-lasting acute inflammation and hyperalgesia in animal models. However, the potential of carrageenan to produce chronic, long-lasting hyperalgesia has not been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the long-term effects of carrageenan injected into joint or muscle in rats. Rats were injected with 0.3, 1 or 3% carrageenan in one knee joint or gastrocnemius muscle and hyperalgesia to mechanical (measured as decreased withdrawal threshold) and heat (measured as decreased withdrawal latency) stimuli of both paws assessed before and at varying times after injection, through 8 weeks. Histological changes were examined only after injection of 3% carrageenan. Three percent carrageenan injected in the muscle or knee produced hyperalgesia to mechanical and heat stimuli ipsilaterally, which lasted 7-8 weeks and spread to the contralateral side 1-2 weeks after injection. One percent carrageenan injected to the knee joint or gastrocnemius muscle, produced hyperalgesia that was shorter-lasting and remained ipsilateral; 0.3% carrageenan injected into the knee joint or gastrocnemius muscle had no effect. Three percent carrageenan injected into the skin surrounding the knee joint did not produce hyperalgesia. A similar pattern of inflammatory changes was observed histologically for both the joint and muscle tissues. Acute inflammation was observed for the first 24 h with edema and neutrophilic infiltration evident as early as 4 h. At 1 week, the inflammation converted to primarily a macrophage response with scattered mast cells. The data suggest that animals injected with 1 or 3% carrageenan in the knee joint or gastrocnemius muscle could be used as models of acute inflammation through 24 h and chronic inflammation after 1 week. Furthermore, 3% carrageenan injected into deep tissues produces hyperalgesia that spreads to the contralateral side, at the same time period as the inflammation transforms from acute to chronic.

Abstract In this chapter, I consider the relationship between the aesthetic appreciation of the built environment and the aesthetic appreciation of the natural environment, with an eye to pursuing its implications for the role of design in urban planning. In section 1, I describe some ways ...

Twentieth century social science developed penetrating analyses of formal and informal institutions on many levels, yet both philosophers and specialists in design have yet to avail themselves of the implications that these analyses have for understanding the ...

Early-maturing individuals may be at an advantage in some sports. The purpose of this study was to compare maturity status between competitive male child (10-12 years old) and adolescent (14-16 years old) athletes and minimally-active, age-matched controls. In total, 224 males were included in the study. Children (n=115) included minimally-active boys (n=34), soccer players (n=26), gymnasts (n=25) and hockey players (n=30). Adolescents (n=109) included minimally-active adolescents (n=31), soccer players (n=30), gymnasts (n=17) and hockey players (n=31). Sexual maturity was assessed using secondary sex characteristics and salivary testosterone concentration (sT). Skeletal age was also assessed, using quantitative ultrasound (Sunlight BonAgeTM). Within each age group, no differences were observed between sport groups in chronological age, sT or pubertal age. In children, hockey players were more skeletally mature (12.43±1.36 years) than all other groups (11.0±1.0; 11.6±1.4 and 11.7±1.4 years for soccer, gymnasts and controls, respectively). In adolescents, hockey players and gymnasts had higher skeletal maturity (16.8±1.5 and 16.9±1.6 years, respectively; P<0.05) than controls (15.99±1.13 years). While sexual and hormonal maturity does not appear to differ between similar-aged athletes of different sports, the results suggest greater skeletal maturity in hockey players, even before puberty.

Ten astrocytomas were tested for gene amplification or rearrangement utilizing distinct probes to nine different oncogenes by Southern hybridization. The probes spanned the four major protein-coding classes of oncogenes; growth factor proteins (csis); growth factor receptor/tyrosine kinase-related proteins [erbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGF-R), neu (HER2/neu, erbB2), mos, yes]; nuclear binding proteins (c-myc, c-fos); and guanosine 5'-triphosphate binding proteins (N-ras, H-ras). Three astrocytomas, all glioblastomas, showed amplification of EGF-R-related sequences, and two of these amplifications were rearranged. Both rearrangements appeared similar by two different restriction endonucleases. Our findings suggest that it is primarily the EGF-R protooncogene (erbB1) that is amplified or rearranged in astrocytic neoplasms. No other oncogenes were amplified or rearranged, although EGF-R and neu cross-hybridization produced a "pseudo-rearranged" pattern for neu in EGF-R-amplified cases. The similar EGF-R restriction endonuclease abnormalities seen in two patients warrant further study.

The North Central Regional Educational Library (NCREL) has the following to say about authentic learning: "Students are presented with problem-solving activities that incorporate authentic, real-life questions and issues in a format that encourages collaborative effort, dialogue with informed expert sources, and generalization to broader ideas and application" An education team within the Science Directorate at NASA Langley Research Center has been developing education projects with these attributes of authentic learning since 1996. Currently, three projects are underway. The Students' Cloud Observations On-Line (S'COOL) Project, begun in December 1996, involves K-12 students in making ground truth observations of clouds at the time that a NASA earth-observing satellite passes overhead. The students report data through an on-line form, and can later visualize their data along with the corresponding satellite retrieved cloud properties. Students are invited to take an active part in the validation effort for cloud retrievals, analyzing the data and reporting any findings of interest to the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) science team. The team made a connection with the GLOBE program in 2002, helping to define a protocol for student observation of contrails as part of the existing cloud protocol. These protocols involve students in observing parameters of interest for on-going scientific activities; while the GLOBE program provides a forum for dialog between students, educators, and scientists. In 2004, the team launched the Mentoring and inquirY using NASA Data on Atmospheric and earth science for Teachers and Amateurs (MY NASA DATA) project. The goal of this project is to remove the barriers that prevent the K-12 and citizen science communities from making use of the large volume of Earth System Science data that NASA has collected and archived. This allows students to select a problem of real-life importance, and to explore it using high quality data sources. A MY NASA DATA e-mentor network provides opportunities for educators, students, and citizens to engage in dialog about the questions they encounter. This paper will provide an overview of these projects, and some lessons learned for authentic K-12 science efforts.

Summarizing the current evidence regarding the usefulness of the previous markers for predicting patient outcome, the most promising proliferation marker for predicting patient outcome in patients with brain tumors appears to be KI-67/MIB-1. Its potential usefulness appears to be greatest (1) for grade II and III astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors in adults, where it may potentially predict length of survival; (2) for nonpilocytic gliomas in children, where it may also potentially predict survival; and (3) for benign, completely resected meningiomas, where it may potentially predict tumor recurrence. Although MIB-1 shows potential, we do not believe there is evidence yet definitely to consider MIB-1 labeling index a predictor of prognosis in these tumors due to the lack of published prospective studies validating the preliminary findings of multiple investigators who have performed only single-center retrospective studies. We also believe that the exact use of MIB-1 labeling index as an independent prognostic indicator for any type and grade of tumor may be complex, given the fact that all of these brain tumors have multiple independent prognostic factors contributing to patient outcome, many of which are readily available clinical factors. In the present managed care environment, MIB-1 labeling should probably await demonstration that it significantly contributes to the physician's ability accurately to predict patient outcome. The presence of telomerase RNA or telomerase activity appears to correlate with degree of malignancy in multiple types of brain tumors, including gliomas; however, it currently has no use as an independent prognostic indicator of patient outcome. It may instead be a marker for malignant tumor initiation or progression. p53 and EGFR are molecular markers that show promise as prognostic indicators of recurrence-free and overall survival in patients with GBMs, but further prospective studies are needed to confirm the retrospective findings. Postsurgical evaluation of these markers is potentially helpful in planning follow-up and treatment for these patients, those patients having tumors expressing relatively high levels of these markers requiring closer follow-up and, when possible, more aggressive therapies. Despite intensive investigation into the expression of molecules regulating apoptosis in brain tumors, no evidence presently exists to support their usefulness as markers of patient outcome. This also applies to measurements of the apoptotic rate itself in human brain tumors. Our overall impression, therefore, is that despite our great desire to find the Holy Grail of patient prognosis in the measurement of a single molecular marker with a precise cut-off value, one has not been identified ... yet! If we allow ourselves to think in terms of organismal biology, it is not surprising that the attempt directly to correlate one or even five (MIB-1, telomerase, BCL-2, p53, EGFR) gene products with a phenomenon as complex as a patient's long-term survival is unrealistic. More likely, multiple pieces of clinical information (which we already know significantly impact patient outcome in patients with brain tumors) will be considered in conjunction with new, scientifically proved molecular information as it becomes available, allowing us to predict, ever more accurately, a given patient's clinical course and outcome.

Abstract In this chapter, I consider the relationship between the aesthetic appreciation of the built environment and the aesthetic appreciation of the natural environment, with an eye to pursuing its implications for the role of design in urban planning. In section 1, I describe some ways ...

... Fredrik K. Fatemi, Mark Bashkansky, Hauke C. Busch, and Sean W. Moore Optical Sciences Division, Code 5654, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington ... 1. ZT Lu, KL Corwin, MJ Renn, MH Anderson, EA Cornell, and CE Wieman, "Low-velocity intense source of atoms from a ...

The publication of this book was assisted by a University Cooperative Society Subvention Grant awarded by the University of Texas at Austin. Copyright © 2001 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 2001 Requests for ...

... 5 San Antonio Water System and Austin Water Utility are two municipally owned water utilities in Central Texas. ... documentation and interview respondents perception of water consumer's ... 2009. Austin Statesman. Residents Tying up with Sewer Connections, November 1, 1929. ...

... But any scholar will surely tell a different story, one filled with helpful colleagues, friends, institutions, and students too numerous to mention. ... Brand (who also coauthored from this research an article in the Journal of Architecture), Amanda Bothwell, and Fernanda Mulho Pereira I ...