Research Interests: Media Policy and Welfare
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Ever since the launch of the World Press Freedom Index almost 20 years ago, Finland has always been among the top fi ve countries of that index. According to the annual Reuters Digital News reports, Finnish people also have the highest... more
Ever since the launch of the World Press Freedom Index almost 20 years ago, Finland has always been among the top fi ve countries of that index. According to the annual Reuters Digital News reports, Finnish people also have the highest level of trust in the news media and one of the highest levels of press readership in the EU. Most of the media companies are doing quite well, while Google and Facebook have a much less dominant role in the advertising market than elsewhere in Europe. In this context, you might expect Finland to have a comprehensive and visionary media and communications policy to support democracy. However, our meta-study of Finnish media and communications policy based on two recent reports
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Markus-setä : Suomen ensimmäinen radiopersoona / Paavo Oinonen. Helsinki : Yleisradio, 2015.
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While direct media subsidy schemes are under increasing pressure in media markets across the world the role of indirect tools, such as media taxation, is coming into focus. This paper studies the d ...
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«*» CHAPTER 4<**> DIGITAL REFLECTIONS OF FINNISH SPEECH JOURNALISM: YLE RADIO PEILI Marko Ala-Fossi Historical background Radio Peili ('Radio Mirror'), the first digital radio channel on Finnish national... more
«*» CHAPTER 4<**> DIGITAL REFLECTIONS OF FINNISH SPEECH JOURNALISM: YLE RADIO PEILI Marko Ala-Fossi Historical background Radio Peili ('Radio Mirror'), the first digital radio channel on Finnish national public service radio, Yleisradio (YLE), has made a virtue out ...
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Esta obra es un manual de carácter divulgativo para dar a conocer el espectro radioeléctrico en un sentido amplio, pues ha dejado de ser terreno exclusivo de la radio y la televisión. Desde los mínimos fundamentos técnicos hasta sus... more
Esta obra es un manual de carácter divulgativo para dar a conocer el espectro radioeléctrico en un sentido amplio, pues ha dejado de ser terreno exclusivo de la radio y la televisión. Desde los mínimos fundamentos técnicos hasta sus vertientes social, cultural, económica y comunicativa, el espectro radioeléctrico se ha convertido en protagonista de duras disputas y algunos titulares periodísticos. Conocido popularmente, entre otros motivos, por ser la causa de la resintonización de la TDT en España, los diferentes capítulos de este libro quieren acercar al lector a un nuevo campo de batalla tecnológico, donde combaten dos formas de comunicación, dos modelos de negocio. Desde la primera línea, el lector se dará cuenta de la enorme complejidad que rodea todo lo que se refiere al espectro, desde ámbitos distintos como la ingeniería, la política, la economía o la comunicación. Por sí solo, el espectro sería un magnífico estudio de caso para ejemplificar la multiplicidad, diversidad y complicación presentes cada vez que hay que que ponerse de acuerdo sobre algún aspecto relacionado con él.
Research Interests: Radio, Television, Broadcasting, DTT, Radiodifusion, and 4 moreSpectrum, TDT, Editorial UOC, and Espectro Radioeléctrico
The previous chapter worked at a fairly high level of abstraction, analysing broad developments in terms of strategy, structure and process common to all sectors of the media industries. However these... more
The previous chapter worked at a fairly high level of abstraction, analysing broad developments in terms of strategy, structure and process common to all sectors of the media industries. However these 'generic'developments have clearly affected the different constituent sectors of the industry in different ways. This chapter, therefore, provides an analysis of the impact of the Internet on the business models of the media industries' various constituent sectors on a case by case basis.
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Author(s): Ala-Fossi, Marko Title: Digital Divergence of Terrestrial Broadcasting Systems in Europe Main work: Intermediality and media change Editor(s): Herkaman, Juha; Hujanen, Taisto; Oinonen, Paavo Year: 2012 Pages: 214-241 ISBN:... more
Author(s): Ala-Fossi, Marko Title: Digital Divergence of Terrestrial Broadcasting Systems in Europe Main work: Intermediality and media change Editor(s): Herkaman, Juha; Hujanen, Taisto; Oinonen, Paavo Year: 2012 Pages: 214-241 ISBN: 978-951-44-8147-5 Publisher: Tampere University Press Discipline: Media and communications School /Other Unit: School of Communication, Media and Theatre Item Type: Article in Compiled Work Language: en URN: URN:NBN:fi:uta-201302251032
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The article has been translated from the original Spanish article: Radiodifusion terrestre en Europa despues de la CMR-15: ?el final de una era o un nuevo principio? First published by Oberta UOC Publishing, Editorial UOC in book: El... more
The article has been translated from the original Spanish article: Radiodifusion terrestre en Europa despues de la CMR-15: ?el final de una era o un nuevo principio? First published by Oberta UOC Publishing, Editorial UOC in book: El Imperio del Aire : Espectro Radioelectrico y Radiodifusion. Edited by: Bonet Montse. 2016. ISBN 978-84-9116-495-1.
There are two economies of culture, the economy of production and the economy of consumption. This paper concentrates on the production side and examines to what extent is it possible to synthesize or integrate six different theoretical... more
There are two economies of culture, the economy of production and the economy of consumption. This paper concentrates on the production side and examines to what extent is it possible to synthesize or integrate six different theoretical perspectives on quality, culture and economics for more comprehensive understanding of media production. In addition, it asks what cultural or quality differences there still might be between commercial production and PSB production except the economic aspects of their ownership and funding.The six theoretical perspectives have originally been selected for further examination as tools for understanding the quality culture inside commercial broadcasting. However, they may also provide useful insights about the role of culture in defining and producing quality in modern and increasingly cost-efficient, market-oriented PSB. The big question is, to which extent economic perspectives on content quality really are exclusive in relation to the cultural pers...
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Several European Union (EU) member states have consistently opposed European Commission (EC) efforts to create a supranational EU spectrum policy, but only Finland voted against the EC at the World Radiocommunication Conference in 2015,... more
Several European Union (EU) member states have consistently opposed European Commission (EC) efforts to create a supranational EU spectrum policy, but only Finland voted against the EC at the World Radiocommunication Conference in 2015, proposing the release of the entire ultra-high frequency (UHF) band for mobile use. Originally, in 2007, the EC and Finland wanted quick release of the UHF for mobile, but the EC has changed its UHF policy completely. Based on a new institutionalism approach, this article argues that one of the main reasons for this development is that the EU’s spectrum policy planning system has become intergovernmental. The EU members are now able to force the EC to seek a wide consensus on spectrum policy. The unique Finnish spectrum policy stand is based on certain nation-specific institutional factors: concentration of power in the spectrum policy, strong economic orientation of the communication policy, and oversupply of UHF frequencies.
Does low VAT on legacy media dwarf digital media? : An overview of VAT policy and the press in Finland, Norway and Sweden
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The concept of media welfare state is a combination of the democratic corporatist media system and social democratic welfare state model, describing the distinctiveness of the Nordic countries and their media systems with four basic... more
The concept of media welfare state is a combination of the democratic corporatist media system and social democratic welfare state model, describing the distinctiveness of the Nordic countries and their media systems with four basic principles. Media welfare state is based on communication services understood as public goods, freedom from editorial interference, cultural policy and economic support for media pluralism as well as preference for consensual solutions involving cooperation between main stakeholders. However, identifying a joint media welfare state model in recent media and communication policy decisions made in Nordic countries on developing communication infrastructures, media delivery and universal access turns out to be difficult. During the last three decades, none of the four largest Nordic countries has strictly followed all the four principles. In most cases, Finland has ended up with different solutions than its Nordic neighbours and sometimes also in contradict...
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Financed almost entirely by a special public broadcasting tax, and with no advertising or sponsoring allowed, Yle is one of the ‘purest’ public service organizations in Europe and might be seen as enjoying an enviably secure position in... more
Financed almost entirely by a special public broadcasting tax, and with no advertising or sponsoring allowed, Yle is one of the ‘purest’ public service organizations in Europe and might be seen as enjoying an enviably secure position in comparison to many other European PSM organizations. In recent years, however, the tradition of media policy consensus has increasingly showed sign of unravelling. The level and justification of Yle’s funding as well as its transparency, efficiency and accountability have been subject to heated political debate, with attacks against its legitimacy spearheaded by the struggling commercial media industry. This chapter reviews the main issues and arguments in the Finnish debates. It concludes that, at least for the time being, it seems that the fragile consensus over the importance of PSM is maintained, and it is unlikely that the current government would push through radical changes.
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Media policy schemes around the world are seemingly shifting character. As budgets for direct subsidies are under increasing pressure, the role of indirect tools, such as tax reductions, are growing in relative importance. This article... more
Media policy schemes around the world are seemingly shifting character. As budgets for direct subsidies are under increasing pressure, the role of indirect tools, such as tax reductions, are growing in relative importance. This article explores the political justifications of value-added tax (VAT) as a media policy tool, and how longitudinal shifts indicate broader changes in the media systems. Based on a document analysis of newspaper VAT development in three countries with similar historical policy models—Finland, Sweden and Norway—the article identifies and describes the dynamics between four major policy positions; transparency, pluralism, harmonisation and financial austerity.
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In the European Union, “television-like” is a legal concept, introduced in 2007 as a part of a political compromise over the scope of the new Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD). The European Commission had originally intended to... more
In the European Union, “television-like” is a legal concept, introduced in 2007 as a part of a political compromise over the scope of the new Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD). The European Commission had originally intended to expand the new rules on linear television programming to cover also all new nonlinear audiovisual content services intended for the same audiences online. This approach was objected to by the U.K. government, which saw it as potentially harmful for the growth of the new online media. Although left practically alone in the opposition in the EU decision-making process, the U.K. government managed with the support of the U.K. regulator Ofcom and the U.K. industry alliance to limit the new directive to cover only “television-like” online services. According to AVMSD Recital 24, these services should “compete for the same audience as television broadcasts” while “the concept of ‘programme’ should be interpreted in a dynamic way taking into account devel...