- Nasibeh zanjari is a faculty member of Iranian Research Center on Aging, at the University of Social Welfare And Reha... moreNasibeh zanjari is a faculty member of Iranian Research Center on Aging, at the University of Social Welfare And Rehabilitation Sciences in Tehran, Iran. Her research interests are social gerontology, medical sociology, qualitative research and mixed method. Her latest project was about Successful aging among Iranian older adults.edit
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Background Older adults experience persistent symptoms post-COVID-19, termed as Long COVID, affecting their physical and mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Long COVID, level of physical activity, and functional... more
Background Older adults experience persistent symptoms post-COVID-19, termed as Long COVID, affecting their physical and mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Long COVID, level of physical activity, and functional decline on older adults’ health-related quality of life post-COVID-19. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 121 older adults with 60 to 90 years old post-coronavirus infection. The standardized metrics used in the study were Fatigue Severity Scale, Physical Activity Elderly, SF12, Post-COVID-19 functional status scale, and COVID-19 Yorkshire rehabilitation screening scale. The severity of coronavirus infection was evaluated by changes in chest CT scan images and O2 saturation at hospital admission. Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses. Results The results of regression analysis revealed six factors to be predictors of physical health at 6 months post-COVID-19 (F = 9.046, P < 0.001; explained variance 63%), which the sig...
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Introduction: Elder abuse is a major public health concern worldwide. Considering the high prevalence of misbehavior towards the elderly, this study investigated the prevalence of elder abuse and its related factors among the elderly... more
Introduction: Elder abuse is a major public health concern worldwide. Considering the high prevalence of misbehavior towards the elderly, this study investigated the prevalence of elder abuse and its related factors among the elderly people in Yasouj, Iran in 2021. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, this cross-sectional study included 299 older adults aged over 60 years referring to the Social Security Outpatient Clinic in Yasouj. To collect data, we used the Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire. To analyze the data, chi-square and multiple logistic regression statistical tests were used. Results: Of the participants, 55.2 % reported at least one type of misbehavior. While psychological misbehavior had the highest prevalence (41.8 %), rejection had the lowest prevalence (10.7 %). Multiple regression analysis showed that elder abuse was statistically associated with higher educational status (p = 0.002), lower economic status (p = 0.002), and single people reported a hig...
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Introduction: The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (PediEAT) is a parent-report tool to assess feeding problems in children aged 6 months to 7 years. This study aimed to translate and adapt the PediEAT to Persian and determine its... more
Introduction: The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (PediEAT) is a parent-report tool to assess feeding problems in children aged 6 months to 7 years. This study aimed to translate and adapt the PediEAT to Persian and determine its psychometric properties. Methods: The PediEAT was translated and culturally adapted the following guidelines for health-related instruments. Face and content validity was assessed using an expert panel. This study also aimed to evaluate psychometric properties using a sample of 160 children without feeding problems and 43 children with diagnosed feeding problems. Known-groups validation was used to compare PediEAT scores between children with and without feeding problems. In criterion validity, pediatricians’ opinions were used as a criterion. To calculate internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha was used. After 2 weeks, temporal stability was assessed with 40 parents who repeated the PediEAT. Results: Face and content validity showed that all tool items had...
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Objective (s): Considering the increasing population of the elderly in developing countries such as Iran, attention to the needs of this group is essential. One of the important needs of the elderly is appropriate nutrition. Failure to... more
Objective (s): Considering the increasing population of the elderly in developing countries such as Iran, attention to the needs of this group is essential. One of the important needs of the elderly is appropriate nutrition. Failure to recognize malnutrition in a timely manner will result in deprivation of appropriate nutrition, illness, and decrease in quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and its related factors among the elderly covered by the Social Security Organization hospitalized in Mashhad hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2018 on 200 elderly 60 years and older covered by Social Security Organization, hospitalized in two hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. The relationship between nutrition status and demographic, anthropometric and individual-health variables was investigated. Data were collected through a general information questionnaire and MNA questionnaire. SPSS version 24 was used for data ana...
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Aims: The attitudes toward older patients are considered the main factor in providing health services. Background: There is a lack of proper short scale to measure attitudes toward older patients among healthcare professionals. Objective:... more
Aims: The attitudes toward older patients are considered the main factor in providing health services. Background: There is a lack of proper short scale to measure attitudes toward older patients among healthcare professionals. Objective: The present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the UCLA Geriatric Attitude scale (UCLA-GAS) among a sample of Iranian healthcare professionals. Methods: The method of this study was cross-sectional for psychometric evaluation. The sample included 232 healthcare professionals in Mazandaran city. Study participants were selected by cluster random sampling technique. Psychometric evaluation of the UCLA-GAS assessed through content and construct validity. Content validity was evaluated based on the content validity index (CVI) and construct validity was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, convergent validity was assessed using the Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Older People Scale (KAOPS) questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency reliability and stability was assessed using test-retest. Results: Regarding the content validity, CVI and modified Kappa statistic for all items were &gt;0.79 and showed all items relevant to the UCLA-GAS in the Iranian context. The three dimensions of the UCLA-GAS extracted from factor analysis were labeled: 1- medical/economic burden (6 items) 2- appreciate attitude (5 items), 3- resource allocation (3 items). CFA revealed that the UCLA-GAS structure model was a validated model (CMIN = 2.312, GFI = 0.913, CFI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.075). The scale had a significant and positive correlation with KAOPS questionnaire. Also, The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.78 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for total instrument was reported as 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87-0.98) and demonstrated good reliability of the instrument. Conclusion: The result shows the UCLA-GAS is a valid and reliable scale for measuring attitudes toward older patients among healthcare professionals. This study recommends using Iranian UCLA-GAS in future research and policy-making.
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Identifying the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population can help with planning and preparing for future pandemics. The main objective of the current study was to examine the psychological impacts of the... more
Identifying the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population can help with planning and preparing for future pandemics. The main objective of the current study was to examine the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among Iranian citizens in 2021. The current study used an online cross-sectional survey via web-based questionnaires among Iranian citizens. Perceived feelings during the COVID-19 pandemic were measured by the validated self-reported inventory by Reynolds et al, 2007. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percent, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, including, correlation, chi-square, independent t-test, and analysis of variances (ANOVA) by SPSS.22. The average age of the respondents was 34.62 (±11.86). The most frequent feelings experienced by Iranian citizens were boredom (44.0%), nostalgia (40.6%), anxiety (35.3%), and nervousness (34.1%). Female participants, younger respondents, unemployed, single individuals, and those living in the urban areas experienced significantly higher levels of the negative feelings. The results of the study showed the high prevalence of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iranian citizens, particularly among women, single, and unemployed people. Therefore, we need to develop more supportive and consultative packages for future pandemics as well as implement psychological rehabilitation after the crises.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and prolonged quarantine affect the health behaviors of older adults. We investigated the changes in older adults’ lifestyles during the pandemic in a sample of 1020 people aged 60 years old and over in Tehran. The... more
The COVID-19 pandemic and prolonged quarantine affect the health behaviors of older adults. We investigated the changes in older adults’ lifestyles during the pandemic in a sample of 1020 people aged 60 years old and over in Tehran. The results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on nutritional behaviors and social support while having a negative impact on physical activity and anxiety in older adults. Due to the greater deterioration of health behaviors among unmarried older adults, low socio-economic status, and COVID-19 inpatients, policymakers must pay attention to interventions to promote healthy lifestyles.
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Research Interests: Psychology and Ageing
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CONTEXT: Understanding how middle-aged people perceive healthy aging and what they need to do to stay healthy as they age can help public policy planning to enhance the lifestyles of middle-aged and elderly people. AIMS: The purpose of... more
CONTEXT: Understanding how middle-aged people perceive healthy aging and what they need to do to stay healthy as they age can help public policy planning to enhance the lifestyles of middle-aged and elderly people. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of healthy aging and strategies to achieve it from the perspective of middle-aged people in Tehran, Iran. SETTING AND DESIGN: This qualitative study was performed on 21 middle-aged people aged 45–59 years of Tehran in 2019. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The data collection was carried out through semi-structured and in-depth interviews; the interviews were audiotaped, transcribed. Sampling was carried out gradually until data saturation through purposive sampling was achieved. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data collection and analysis were performed simultaneously. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. To establish the reliability and validity of findings, Graneheim and Landman criteria were considered. RESULTS: The middle-aged perspective on healthy aging was included in four main themes: having good physical and mental health, having financial well-being, having social support. Strategies for achieving healthy aging were included in five themes: future financial planning, promoting physical health, promoting psychological health, maintaining and improving communication. CONCLUSION: From the middle-aged perspective, healthy aging and strategies to achieve it are multidimensional. Planning for promotional interventions to have a healthy old age should be including all dimensions and done from the years before old age.
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Introduction: Immune system dysfunction in old age leads to infectious diseases, autoimmunity and a high prevalence of various cancers in the elderly. Assessing the quality of services provided to the elderly and identifying its strengths... more
Introduction: Immune system dysfunction in old age leads to infectious diseases, autoimmunity and a high prevalence of various cancers in the elderly. Assessing the quality of services provided to the elderly and identifying its strengths and weaknesses can help improve elderly health and increase the quality of life-related to health. Objectives: We aimed to assess the quality gap in an integrated healthcare program for the Iranian elderly. Participants and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 701 elderly individuals aged over 60 years in Hamadan by stratified random sampling. Interviewers visited the selected centers on random days of the week and completed the SERVQUAL questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Stata 13, using ANOVA and a multiple linear regression model at a 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.38±6.90 years and the majority of them were women (59.63%). The mean of expected quality was higher regarding all the dimen...
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Income poverty is one of the most common problems of old age. It varies among older adults living in different societies. This study aims to investigate the predictors of income poverty in older adults based on the data from Organization... more
Income poverty is one of the most common problems of old age. It varies among older adults living in different societies. This study aims to investigate the predictors of income poverty in older adults based on the data from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Methods: The secondary data analysis method was used in the present study. The income poverty rate and its associated variables were extracted from 36 members of OECD countries and entered into the SPSS software, version 22. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple linear regression analysis were employed. Results: The results showed that in the studied countries, the mean of income poverty among older adults was higher in women (11.48±16.2), and the elderly aged 75 years or above (12.57±16.1). The income poverty of older adults was significantly correlated with older adults' share in the gross domestic product (r=-0.376, P=024), targeted pension coverage (r=-0.505, P=0.003), income sources based on public transfers (r=-0.460, P=0.005), income sources from work (r=0.697, P=0.000), mandatory pension contribution rate (r=-0.343, P=0.040), and net pension replacement rate (r=-0.424, P=0.010). The results of regression analysis also revealed that variables of income sources from work and targeted pension coverage explained 66% of the variance in income poverty among older adults. Discussion: It is important to pay attention to the variables of age and gender of older people to overcome economic vulnerability in social policies. It is also necessary to consider the role of the share of public transfers and basic old-age pensions to reduce older adults' poverty. The lessons to be learned from OECD countries in this research are useful for the social rehabilitation of older adults in Iran.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and prolonged quarantine affect the health behaviors of older adults. We investigated the changes in older adults’ lifestyles during the pandemic in a sample of 1020 people aged 60 years old and over in Tehran. The... more
The COVID-19 pandemic and prolonged quarantine affect the health behaviors of older adults. We investigated the changes in older adults’ lifestyles during the pandemic in a sample of 1020 people aged 60 years old and over in Tehran. The results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on nutritional behaviors and social support while having a negative impact on physical activity and anxiety in older adults. Due to the greater deterioration of health behaviors among unmarried older adults, low socio-economic status, and COVID-19 inpatients, policymakers must pay attention to interventions to promote healthy lifestyles.
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Objectives This study aims to investigate the relationship between the big-five personality traits (extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and elder abuse. Methods & Materials In this... more
Objectives This study aims to investigate the relationship between the big-five personality traits (extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and elder abuse. Methods & Materials In this cross-sectional study, 304 older adults (60 years old and older) were selected by convenience sampling method based on the inclusion criteria among older adults who were referred to the health centers of Marand City, Iran in 2021. To collect data, Hwalek-sengstock elder abuse screen test (HS-EAST) and 10-item personality inventory (TIPI) were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 with t test, chi-square, and logistic regression. Results The mean age of the participants was 70.5±7.7 years with almost equal gender distribution. Among the older adults studied, the prevalence of elder abuse was calculated to be 34.2%. The results of logistic regression indicated that the five-big personality traits, especially low conscientiousness, lo...
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Objectives: Healthy lifestyle along with spirituality affect the physical and mental health of older adults. Regarding the older clergymen’s experience of spiritual life, this study aims to evaluate the role of health-promoting lifestyle... more
Objectives: Healthy lifestyle along with spirituality affect the physical and mental health of older adults. Regarding the older clergymen’s experience of spiritual life, this study aims to evaluate the role of health-promoting lifestyle in predicting cognitive status of older clergymen. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 older clergymen living in Qom, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and Mini-Mental State Exam were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 22 software using descriptive and inferential statistics (Correlation test, linear regression analysis, independent t-test, and ANOVA). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 70.55±6.86. There was a significant positive relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and cognitive status (r= 0.295, P= 0.001). The results ...
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Objectives: The present research aims to identify the assessment and treatment processes used by Iranian Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) for Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) and investigate the impact of their knowledge level and... more
Objectives: The present research aims to identify the assessment and treatment processes used by Iranian Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) for Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) and investigate the impact of their knowledge level and experience on their choice of assessment and treatment. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study using a survey design conducted on 260 SLPs with a minimum of a Bachelor’s degree and at least one year of experience of working with preschoolers. The CAS assessment and treatment were measured by a validated questionnaire, which was completed in person or online. Results: The tests of Diadochokinesis (DDK) (66%), single-word speech sampling (58.1%), oral-motor assessment (54.6%), and connected speech sample analysis (53.1%) were the popular tests chosen by the participants. The treatment approaches indicated that Oral Motor Exercises (OMEs) (57.7%) were the only treatment for which over half of the participants voted. The experts chose phonologic...
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Background Preparing for aging is investing resources in preparing to cope with the challenges that are expected to happen in older age. This will lead to an increase in the quality and well-being in aging. The present study was conducted... more
Background Preparing for aging is investing resources in preparing to cope with the challenges that are expected to happen in older age. This will lead to an increase in the quality and well-being in aging. The present study was conducted to elucidate the preparation of the middle-aged people for healthy older age in Tehran, Iran. Methods The present study was performed with a qualitative approach and using semi-structured interviews with 23 Iranian middle-aged people (45 to 59 years old), selected by purposive sampling, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. Data were analyzed using the content analysis technique with MAXQDA 10 software. Results The preparation of the middle-aged people was examined in four main categories including staying healthy, financial perspective for the future, outlook on aging, and planning for use time productively. The middle-aged people paid more attention to Staying healthy than other dimensions and the saw their future financially...
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Introduction:Social support is a leading contributing factor for older adults' well-being. The present study aimed to compare the impact of two-way (providing and receiving) social support on the well-being of Iranian older... more
Introduction:Social support is a leading contributing factor for older adults' well-being. The present study aimed to compare the impact of two-way (providing and receiving) social support on the well-being of Iranian older adults.Methods:The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 1280 community-dwelling older adults in Tehran, Iran, 2020. The researcher used the clustered sampling method and the 2-way Social Support Scale (SSS) to collect samples and measure social support, respectively. The well-being was measured by the self-reported World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Bivariate and hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to compare the effects of social support aspects on well-being. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. A significance level of p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The mean age of the respondents was 70.90 (SD=8.07), and about 70% of the sample was married. The mean scores of taking and providing so...
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Abstract Background &amp; Aims: The application of qualitative methods is developing in different fields including the health science. One of the challenges for hermeneutic researchers is the issue of trustworthiness. Given that these... more
Abstract Background &amp; Aims: The application of qualitative methods is developing in different fields including the health science. One of the challenges for hermeneutic researchers is the issue of trustworthiness. Given that these studies do not target external reality in their process, traditional criteria to show the correspondence to reality have been reported as controversial. The current study aims to review the challenges of these criteria and introduce exclusive strategies corresponding to hermeneutic studies.Materials &amp; Methods: Using the related keywords, English papers were searched in “Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science” in June 2020 and the sources were extracted. Having reviewed the abstracts and the full texts, 13 articles directly related to the subject under study were selected. Moreover, another set of 12 pieces of related literature were added by referring to other sources such as the related citations. The collected data were analyzed using a critical review approach.Results: Data analysis demonstrated differences in the suggested methods for trustworthiness in hermeneutic studies. Although some references indicate that application of “credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability” is possible in hermeneutics, the difference in theoretical and methodological frameworks have resulted in the introduction of new expressions such as “balanced integration, openness, concreteness, resonance, and actualization” for trustworthiness in hermeneutics studies. Conclusion: No single criteria can be applied to assess trustworthiness in all qualitative methods. The application of general criteria for judging trustworthiness in hermeneutic studies has been reported as problematic. The present study results can assist researchers of qualitative inquiries particularly those engaged in hermeneutic researches to select appropriate criteria based on the research method. Although further scrutiny is needed, the criteria specifically compatible with hermeneutic studies such as those expressed by De Witt and Ploeg seem more appropriate than the traditional ones. Keywords: trustworthiness, rigor, phenomenology, hermeneutics, qualitative research
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Background Considering the importance of health behaviors in health outcomes, it is necessary to assess health behaviors precisely. This study aimed to develop and validate The Geriatrics Health Behavior Questionnaire among Iranian older... more
Background Considering the importance of health behaviors in health outcomes, it is necessary to assess health behaviors precisely. This study aimed to develop and validate The Geriatrics Health Behavior Questionnaire among Iranian older adults. Methods This cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted on 420 community older adults (age ≥ 60) through random multi-stage sampling. The initial questionnaire has been developed with 22 items and seven subscales based on an extensive literature review, evaluation of related questionnaires, and experts’ opinions. Face and content validity were evaluated by interviewing 10 older adults and 18 specialists. The construct validity was evaluated via Known-groups validity and convergent validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by internal consistency, test-retest, and absolute reliability. Results The face validity was conducted by using interviews with older adults and gathering the specialists’ opinions. The item...