Md. Nazmul Hasan

Background: Periodontitisis related with certain systemic conditions as well as with someintra oral local factors including patients’ oral practices and habits. Objective: To identify the different risk factors among the patients having Periodontitis. Methods: A Case control Study was conducted in the rural community in Shirajganj District. Clinically diagnosed patients of periodontitis werebeing considered as study population. Results:All the patients had presented with the dental problem of them patients having periodontitis were identified. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings and periodontitis (case) was considered if periodontal pocket depth index score was 2 – 8, and no periodontitis if score was ‘0 - 1’. A total of 196 respondents (ranging from 6 – 80 years) were randomly selected from the community for interview and investigation for periodontal diseases. Data analysis revealed significant association between the age patients, Diabetes mellitus, betel chewing habit, tooth cleansing methods and devices, presence of tooth pricking habits with the development of periodontitis(p<0.001). Conclusion:Bydeliveringtheproper and timely health related informationand raising the awareness level regarding this detrimental disease the overall health status among the population can be improved.

Clinical management of non-growing adult patients with
dentofacial deformity could be provided with better
outcome when approach in-combined with orthodontic
and orthognathic surgery than that of single approach
alone. This study describes a case of a 26years old
Bangladeshi female presented with bimaxillary protrusion
treated with the combination of orthodontic and
orthognathic surgery.

'fhe aim of this review is to provide the general dental practitioner
with an understanding of the relationship between periodontal health
and orthodontic therap,v. Specific areas reviewed, are how periodon-.
tal tissue reacts to orthodontic forces, intluence of tooth lnovement
on the periodontiunt, effect of orlhodontic bands on the periodontium,
and time relationship between orthodontic treatment and periodontal
therapy. In addition! some focus rvill give on the
relationship between orthodontics and irnplant restorations (e.g.,
using dental implants as orthodontic anchorage).

Cracked tooth is a distinct type of longitudinal tooth fracture which occurs very commonly and its diagnosis can be challenging. This type of fracture tends to grow and change over time. Clinical diagnosis is difficult because the signs and symptoms are variable or nonspecific and may even resemble post-treatment disease following root canal treatment or periodontal disease. This variety and unpredictability make the cracked tooth a challenging diagnostic entity. In this paper we present a case of cracked tooth and emphasise on the timely proper diagnosis and management.

Mandibular molars can have additional root located lingually) the radix entomolaris). If present, an awareness and understanding of this unusual root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of root canal treatment. The root is typically smaller than the distal root and is usually curved, requiring special attention when root canal treatment is being considered for such a tooth. The aim of the paper is to present a case of permanent mandibular first molar with additional third root.

Bony ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in a male patient was not diagnosed until the patient reached his early teens, at which time the condition was treated with a costochondral graft. At the time of treatment, there was an expectation that further orthognathic surgery would be required to correct the skeletal deformity. However, with the release of the ankylosis and growth of the costochondral graft, a good functional and esthetic result was achieved without further surgery. It is important that family dentists be aware of the clinical signs and symptoms of TMJ ankylosis, to allow early diagnosis and treatment.

Objectives: Craniofacial variations presents in different ethnic populations around the world. Therefore proper morphpmetric comparison of this craniofacial structure with that ethnic norm require to determine dentofacial deformity while orthodontic management. Methodology: To evaluate a morphometric norm of Bangladeshi populations by Tweed’s methods of lateral cephalometric parameter, 112 cephalographs of Bangladeshi young adults (56 male, 56 female) with mean age of 19(±2.13) years were traced and evaluated by tweed’s analysis on angular measurement. Results: The study shows increase value of FMA with decrease value of IMPA, which indicate that this populations mid-facial height are a bit larger and incisor are a bit retrocline. Conclusions: Differentiation between the Bangladeshi populations value with that of tweed’s study explain the craniofacial patter of this populations which should be properly compare for diagnostic and therapeutic measure.

Every three minutes, somewhere in the world, a baby is born with a cleft of the lip and/or palate (CL/P), making it one of the most common birth defects1. Cleft Lip and Palate is severe birth defect occur one in 700-1000 newborn infants. As this birth defect hamper the growth, aesthetics, appearances, speech, the overall physical and psychosocial development and well being, so these patients often required generosity, guidance and keen supervision of multiple specialist health professionals. This supervision and monitoring may extended from birth to adulthood even life-longer. For the parents this longer caring period to their beloved baby born with cleft lip and palate may often not be as pleasant and enjoyable as for the normal one.

Objectives: Craniofacial variations presents in different ethnic populations around the world. Therefore proper morphpmetric comparison of this craniofacial structure with that ethnic norm require to determine dentofacial deformity while orthodontic management. Methodology:  To evaluate a morphometric norm of Bangladeshi populations by strainers methods of lateral cephalometric parameter, 112 cephalographs of Bangladeshi young adults (56 male, 56 female) with mean age of 19(±2.13) years were traced and evaluated by Down’s analysis on nine angular and one linier measurement.  Results:  The study shows increase value of Angle of convexity, AB plane angle, Mandibular plane angle, Y-axis, L1 to Mandibular plane, L1 to occlusal plane, U1 to AP plane (mm) and decrease value of Facial angle, Cant of occlusal plane, and Inter-incisal angle. Conclusions: Differentiation between the Bangladeshi populations value with that of Down’s study explain the craniofacial patter of this populations which should be properly compare for diagnostic and therapeutic measure.

Radiographic interpretation and diagnosis of dental impactions
have always posed a great challenge to the orthodontist to manage
such case. This could largely be attributed to the limitations posed
by the conventional two-dimensional (2D) imaging modalities.
Dental impactions, which can position into various underlying
locations, can be evaluated accurately using cone beam computed
tomography (CBCT) three-dimensional (3D) imaging, rather than
conventional 2D radio-imaging. This article report a case of
orthodontic management of impacted canine of a 13 years old boy
where conventional 2D radio-imaging diagnosis are modified by
cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Background: Nonsquamous cell malignant tumors of jaw and oral
soft tissue are rare constituting between 6%-10% of all
malignancies in the region. A few case reports of individual tumors
are available while reviews of significant series is lacking. This
report presents 22 cases of Nonsquamous cell malignant tumors
collected over 8 months at a tertiary oral care centre in Dhaka,
Bangladesh.Objective: To find out the distribution & pattern of
oral nonsquamous cell malignant tumors among all oral malignancy
and to find out the age, sex, site, clinical presentation, the
histological types of these tumors.Method: This descriptive cross
sectional study was done in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Department, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital.The entire patient
histopathologically diagnosed as any type of Nonsquamous cell
tumor were selected. Data were collected in a summarized data
sheet. Then histopathological types of them were analyzed to
indicate the distribution according to age, gender, site and clinical
presentation.Result: There were 107 Oral malignancies of which
22(20.56%) were Nonsquamous cell malignant tumors which is
significant in comparison to Squamous cell carcinoma in
Bangladesh. Among the respondents, 9(40.91%) were diagnosed as
minor salivary glands malignant tumors, 7(31.2%) were diagnosed
as sarcomas, Malignant melanoma were 4(18.18%) and Non-
Hodgkin’s lymphoma were 2(9.09%). The male to female ratio was
1:1.2 with ages were between 9 years to 70 years old (mean age
35.45 ± 21.76 years) with most patients (36.36%) in 16 to 30 years
of life. Cases presented with symptoms such as swelling (100%),
pain, paresthesia, loose tooth and tissue ulceration.
Conclusion: In Dhaka Dental College Hospital, nonsquamous cell
malignant tumors account for 20.56% of all oral malignancies
among them minor salivary glands malignant neoplasm and
malignant melanoma were the predominant type. Most affected
were people in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life with no sex
predilection. Most common site of involvement was maxilla. The
need for improved medical awareness, diagnostic facilities and
upgrading of infrastructure was stressed.

Within the last 25years, the development of
digital technology has greatly changed the
practice pattern of dentistry. Incorporation
of such technology is now becoming an
integral part of contemporary dentistry that
has largely modified the traditional
diagnostic technique,disease interpretations,
management protocol, treatment outcome,
record keeping even the teaching learning
secession in the dental school.

Extraction of premolar teeth to manage class I malocclusion is
conventionally the management approach of choices. However
class I malocclusion with tooth tissue discrepancy could be manage
with the extraction of a lower incisor tooth with a more acceptable
aesthetic outcome. This article describe a cases of class I
malocclusion mange with extracting a mandibular lower incisor
tooth

In orthodontic practice various treatment modalities have been
presented for the treatment for the class II, div 1malocclusions.
Recently a large number of young adults have been seeking
shorter, cost effective and a non surgical correction of Class II
malocclusions and they accept dental camouflage as a treatment option to mask the skeletal discrepancy .This case report presents one such case, a 15years old growing male who has Class II div I malocclusion with sever maxillary incisor proclination, convex profile ,high mandibular plane angle, incompetent lips, increased overjet& overbite, over retained upper left deciduous canine ,impacted upper left canine and a supernumerary tooth in canine region. We considered the camouflage treatment by extracting the upper right first premolar, left impacted canine, deciduous canine
and supernumerary tooth. Following the treatment, a satisfactory result was achieved with an ideal, static and a functional occlusion, facial profile, acceptable smile, competent lip and stable treatment results.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, lifethreatening
disorder1 that is characterized as a
series of episodes in which a person stops
breathing for 10 seconds or longer during
sleep.2Sleep disordered breathing is a term which
includes simple snoring, upper airway resistance
syndrome, and sleep apnea. Patients present with
various symptoms, although almost all complain of
snoring, witnessed breathing pauses, and excessive
day time sleepiness. Simple snoring is a common
complaint affecting 45% of adults occasionally and
25% of adults habitually and is a sign of upper
airway obstruction.3Sleep apnea has also been
identified as a possible risk factor for hypertension,
dysrhythmias, depression, ischemic heart disease,
and stroke

Final finishing occlusion of an Orthodontic treated patient often become challenging due to presence of pretreatment tooth tissue discrepancy (TDS). Earlier proper diagnosis of Tooth tissue discrepancy and planed the treatment accordingly will minimize this problem to a great extant. This article emphasis’s the significance, methods of screening of tooth size discrepancies and previous study references upon this tropic in national and international context.

Managing malocclusion by orthodontic treatment require consideration of many factor. One of the important this one is age, as it is the indicator of remaining growth and development of face and jaw and body generally. Clinicians often remain in doubt to plane the orthodontic treatment especially with adult age group. Many biological and psychosocial factors associated with adultsneed a change in biomechanics and treatment approach than that in growing adolescents.This article reports and describesorthodontic management of two adult (from both gender)with modification of conventional approach that manage those successfully. Two years post treatment follow up already ensure stable occlusions and improve quality of life.

Sialolithiasis is the most common salivary gland disease, occurs most commonly in middle aged patient. There is a slight male predominance. More than 80% of salivary calculi occur in the submandibular glands or its duct. It is estimated that sialolithiasis affect 12 of every 1000 patients in the adult population. It is believed that deposition of mineral salts around a nidus of bacteria, mucous, or desquamated cells develops a salivary calculi. The possible aetiological factors for salivary calculi formation are salivary stagnation, increased alkalinity of the saliva, increased calcium content of the saliva, infection or inflammation, or physical trauma of the salivary duct or gland. The submandibular gland is most susceptible for sialolith formation because its saliva is more alkaline,has a higher mucus content,has a greater concentration of calcium and phosphate, has a longer and irregular duct, has antigravity flow. Here report a case of middle aged female patient with sialolith in right submandibular gland successfully treated with surgical removal of the gland containing sialolith.

Dental exfoliations in human during childhood or in adulthood, whatever the reason might be, could only be replaced with conventional prosthesis at present date. However, progress in stem cell biology and tissue engineering may present new options for replacing heavily damaged or lost teeth, or even individual tooth structures. The promise of such treatment possibilities puts stem cells in the focus of dental research.

Dentists are disappointed after delivery of cast removable partial dentures because their patient refuses or is unable to wear the denture and the treatment is therefore deemed unsuccessful. When so many patients do not comply with treatment, it is instructive to reflect on why and how the
treatment is performed. Appropriate, comprehensive treatment planning should precede and eliciting the patient's chief complaint, as well as his or her expectations of treatment before treatment planning. The case presentation provides for the practitioner to discuss the patient's expectations and to outline both favourable and unfavourable short and long
term outcomes. By providing this information, the practitioner ensures that the patient is fully informed before giving consent and that he or she understands the associated benefits and risks.

Permanent canines are the foundation of an esthetic smile and
functional occlusion. Any deviation from the normal sequence of development leads to the impaction of teeth. Among multiple treatment options, alignment of impacted canines into the arch is the best treatment approach. This report describes the surgical and orthodontic management of a buccally impacted permanent maxillary canine with mesial diastema.

Background: Malocclusion is problem since antiquity. But people’s perception about the problem varies with their
geographical location and cultural background. The problem seems to be more acute in developing countries like
Bangladesh. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness about aesthetic problem of
malocclusion and treatment seeking behavior among the patients attending in orthodontic department of BSMMU.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry,
BSMMU, over a period 24 months from January 2008 to December 2009. A total of 110 participants who were suffering
from malocclusion and came for dental treatment were the study population. Results: The mean age of the patients was
21 years and the youngest and the oldest patients were 8 and 32 years old respectively with female to male ratio being
roughly 3:2. Graduate or postgraduate level educated patients were predominant (53.6%). Over 70% of the respondents
viewed malocclusion as an aesthetic problem, 50% as functional problem, 55.5% social problem and 69.1% oral problem.
Two-third (67%) told that malocclusion was a treatable condition. Approximately 43% of the patients identified trauma as
a cause of malocclusion, 40% gingivitis or periodontitis and 35.5% dental caries. About one-third (32.7%) of the respondents
was of the opinion that certain habits should be avoided to prevent malocclusion, 15.5% told timely treatment of
malocclusion, 30% told prevention of early loss of teeth due to caries, 12.7% were in favour of the use of a space
maintainer in places of premature loss of a deciduous tooth. Over 90% of the respondents held the view that symptoms
of malocclusion, its prevention and different treatment options should get the priority in educating the society about
malocclusion. However, 80% of the respondents told that causative factors should discussed. Regarding ways of
behaviour change communication (BCC), TV got the first priority (94%) followed by newspaper (92%), teacher (88%),
school health programme (84.5%), friends (76%), health educators (43.6%) and poster got the least priority (30.9%).
Conclusion: The study concludes that a substantial proportion of the patients of malocclusion are not aware of the
causes and consequence of malocclusion. However, the patients are aware that malocclusion is an aesthetic problem
and can be corrected

Background: Variation in tooth size is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Several studies have
reported tooth size variation between and within different racial groups. In order to improve the quality of dental
care available, there is a great need for data on the mesiodistal crown dimensions of the individual teeth of
Bangladeshi population. Objectives: To find nominative data on the mesiodistal crown dimensions of permanent
teeth in Bangladeshi population and to compare the findings with those reported in other populations. Methods:
This observational study was done from January, 2008 to June, 2010 in the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of
Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of 244 Bangladeshi subjects (77 males and 167
females), aged 7 – 36 years (mean 18.3 years) with no age limit who attended at the above mentioned place for
treatment were included in the study. Main outcome measure was mesiodistal crown dimension of each tooth class
of permanent dentition. Mesiodistal crown dimensions were measured from dental casts of the permanent teeth.
Results: Males had significantly larger teeth than females for maxillary central incisors (p < 0.05) and for the
mandibular second premolars (p < 0.001). In both sexes, the maxillary lateral incisors showed the greatest variability
[coefficient of variation (CV) 10.7%] and the maxillary canines the least (CV 6.9%) in mesiodistal crown dimension.
Mandibular canines displayed greater sexual dimorphism in mesiodistal crown size than in any other tooth classes.
Comparisons of the mesiodistal crown dimensions between population groups showed that Bangladeshis have
tooth sizes close to those of North Indians, Icelanders and Jordanians but larger than those of North American
Whites. Conclusions: From this study, a standard for the mesiodistal crown dimensions of permanent dentition of
Bangladeshi males and females are obtained.

Post treatment stability of the abutment tooth and satisfactory occlusal adjustment ensure the
durability of a replaced missing tooth with a conventional fixed tooth prosthesis that often require
involvement of multi disciplinary management approach. This article presents a clinical condition
where an abutment tooth was managed with short duration of orthodontic therapy to ensure a better
post-treatment occlusal relationship with opposite counterpart of the jaw. The new occlusion was
satisfactory for the patient and the occlusal relationship was considered as excellent.