- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología
Facultad de Geografía e Historia - Universidad de Sevilla
Calle Doña María de Padilla s/n - 41004 - Sevilla (Spain)
Tfno: (34) 954551411
Fax: (34) 954559920
https://departamento.us.es/dpreyarq/web/
- Universidad de Cadiz, Historia, Geografia y Filosofia, Department MemberUniversité Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Archéologie, Department Memberadd
- Numismatic, Purple dye production, Fishing in antiquity, Marine Resources, Fishing Gears, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, and 198 moreAncient Technology (Archaeology), Archaeology of Religion, Pottery Production, Ceramics (Archaeology), Classical Archaeology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Mauretania Tingitana, Roman fishing and fish processing, Archaeology of salt, Material Culture Studies, Hellenistic Pottery - black glaze, western Phoenician archaeology, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Pompeii and Herculaneum, Mediterranean archaeology, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician Punic Sicily, Phoenicians, 1st Millennium AD (Archaeology), Acculturation and 'Romanisation', East Greek Pottery, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Greek Pottery, Archaeomusicology, Stamped Amphora handles, Zooarchaeology, Dye Production, Maritime Routes, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Punic Pottery, History of salt, Pompeii (Archaeology), Historical landscapes of the salt, Food History, Herculaneum, Archaeological Methodes and Pratices, Archaeological theory and practice, Gray wares, Grey Wares, Pottery technology and function, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Archaeometry, Experimental Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Tituli Picti, Greek transport amphorae, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Iberian Studies, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Carthage (Archaeology), Coroplastic Studies, Archeologia Fenicio-Punica, Carthage, Punic Pottery, Mediterranean archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Punic world and Punic Archaeology, Phoenician and Punic Studies, archaeology of Sardinia in phoenician age, Radiocarbon, 14C dating (Archaeology), Ancient Seals and Sealings, Glyptics, Sealing Systems, Gorham's Cave, Melkart, Pottery kilns, Straight of Gibraltar, Gades, Torre Alta, Punic African archaeology, Mauritania Tingitana, Archaeology of Ritual and Magic, Cetariae, Archaeology of Roman Hispania, Hispania (Archaeology), Roman Spain, Roman Pottery, Roman Pottery Kilns, Archaeology of Production and Consumption, Roman Brick Industry - Brickstamps, Brick and tile (Archaeology), Roman brick and tile, Pottery studies, Cypriot Archaeology, Phoenician, Phoenician sanctuary, Straits of Gibraltar, Gadir, Fish Remains (Zooarchaeology), Coastal and Island Archaeology, Greeks and Phoenicians, Phoenician and Punic Archaeology, Lixus Fisheries, Wine in Ancient Mediterranean, Ancient Shipwrecks, Colonial Pottery Production, Corinthian pottery, Attic red-figure vases, Teatro Cómico, Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Ritual Practices, Commensality, Phoenician trade, Scarabs Seals, Iconography, Gems, Attic pottery, Cooking and Food Preparation (archaeology), Ancient Ports and Harbours, Mediterranean Underwater Archaeology, Iberia punica, Portus Gaditanus, Hellenistic and Roman Ceramics, Bacini Punici, Roman Fish Sauce Trade, Maritime Greek Trade, Punic Fishing and Fish Processing, Craft production (Archaeology), Amphora trade routes, Amphora Production Methods, Amphora distribution patterns, Iron Age Amphora, History of Archaeology, Archaeological Ethics, Phoenician ivories, Archaeological Graphics & Illustration, Digital Archaeology, Virtual Archaeology, Carteia, Ethnicity & Colonization, Archaeology Ethics, Athenian Potters and Painters, Archaeofauna, Archaeofaunal remains, Call for Papers, Nautical Archaeology, Harbour Archaeology, Ancient Ports and Shipping, Ancient Mediterranean ports, Insularity, Commercial Routes, Ancient Navigation, Archaeology of shell middens, Shell middens, Mobility and networks in Mediterranean, Early Iron Age Pottery, Life aboard ancient merchant ships, Roman Archaeology, Phoenicians in the West, Turdetania, Baetica, Phoenician Punic Sanctuary, Cultural contact between Greeks and Phoenicians, Phoenician and Punic Amphorae, Punic Amphorae Stamps, Roman and Punic amphorae, Consumption and Material Culture, Rotary querns and millstones, Querns and Millstones, Pistrina, Ancient DNA (Archaeology), Ancient DNA Research, Canaanite jars, Greek amphorae stamps, Selinus, Athens, Cultural Identity, Greek Archaeology, Geometric and archaic Greece, Black Sea region, Hybridity, Postcolonial Studies, Cultural Studies, Hybridization, Identity (Culture), Archaeology of Identity, Archaeology of ethnicity, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Landscape Archaeology, Archaeology of Colonialism, Archaeology of Ritual, Burial Customs, Aegyptiaca in the Aegean, Aegyptiaca in the Mediterranean, Aegyptiaca, Aegyptiaca in the Mediterranean World, Aegyptiaca in Northern Black Sea, Stele Puniche, Carthage, Phoenician & Punic Epigraphy, and Classicsedit
- ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-9748 PhD thesis: "Alfares y saladeros de Gadir. Una aproximación arqueológ... moreORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-9748
PhD thesis: "Alfares y saladeros de Gadir. Una aproximación arqueológica a la economía conservera de la Bahía de Cádiz en época púnica y tardopúnica (siglos –VI a –I)" (2014), that included the review of old data and hypothesis about fish processing in Phoenician, Punic and Punic periods in Cadiz and the Strait of Gibraltar area, and as well the analysis of unpublished excavations of kiln sites (related with transport amphora production) and fish-salting facilities.
Since 2002 I have also been involved in the development of archaeological research projects in Spain, Italy (study of amphorae from Impianto Elettrico excavations, and Project Pesca e Garum a Pompei ed Ercolano. Sfruttamento delle risorse marine in ambito vesuviano) and Morocco (excavations and surveys of Carta Arqueológica del Norte de Marruecos, and Tamuda excavations) directed by Prof. Dr. Bernal Casasola. As well, I have been collaborating with the Gibraltar Caves Project (studying the Phoenician finds recorded at Gorham's Cave sanctuary) and the Project "Amphorae ex Hispania. Paisajes de producción y consumo (1 and 2)", which focused on Roman amphorae production and trade in/from Hispania, providing and updated information about typological issues and the pottery workshops (more info in http://amphorae.icac.cat).
Currently I am part of the Corinth Punic Amphora Building Project (in collaboration with the American School of Classical Studies at Athens), and developing the review of the finds from the maritime area of La Caleta, Cádiz, Spain (co-directed with A. Higueras-Milena Castellano, CAS-IAPH). Also, co-director of the project "Ergasteria. Arqueología experimental y virtual para el estudio de los procesos de producción anfórica y comercialización en la Protohistoria" (FEDER US-1266376, with E. Ferrer Albelda) and director of "GREPURE: Grecia Púnica Redescubierta. Análisis histórico-arqueológico y sistematización online de la presencia fenicio-púnica en el Egeo antiguo" (Fundación BBVA, Logos 2019).edit
Este libro tiene por objeto continuar explorando el valor histórico y arqueológico del Cerro Macareno (La Rinconada, Sevilla), enclave paradigmático de la implantación de las formas de vida urbana en el Guadalquivir y de su dinámica... more
Este libro tiene por objeto continuar explorando el valor histórico y arqueológico del Cerro Macareno (La Rinconada, Sevilla), enclave paradigmático de la implantación de las formas de vida urbana en el Guadalquivir y de su dinámica comercial durante la Protohistoria, dado que constituye un lugar clave para el estudio de las comunidades que habitaron el sur de la península ibérica durante la Edad del Hierro. Las intervenciones de emergencia realizadas en los años setenta del siglo XX permitieron registrar un conjunto de hornos cerámicos, además de otras estructuras y depósitos anejos pertenecientes a un taller alfarero que estaría en funcionamiento, al menos, entre finales del siglo V e inicios del IV a.C., convirtiéndose en la evidencia más antigua constatada hasta ese momento de producción alfarera en la región. Desde una perspectiva cronológica y geográfica, los trabajos compilados en este volumen profundizan en el análisis de la producción de ánforas derivadas de los prototipos fenicios arcaicos en el cuadrante suroccidental de la península ibérica durante la II Edad de Hierro y los primeros siglos de la presencia romana.
Research Interests:
The production of amphorae and the export of commodities transported in them was a key activity for the Mediterranean world in Antiquity. Consequently, their study is of enormous value for analysing the agricultural and fishing economy,... more
The production of amphorae and the export of commodities transported in them was a key activity for the Mediterranean world in Antiquity. Consequently, their study is of enormous value for analysing the agricultural and fishing economy, and also the commercial mechanism of that period. Through the typological and chronological analysis of these ceramic containers, a high degree of knowledge has been achieved, especially for the production of the different Mediterranean societies from the second millennium BC to the Middle Ages.
In The Ovoid Amphorae in the Central and Western Mediterranean between the last two centuries of the Republic and the early days of the Roman Empire, several series of amphorae created in the Late Republican Roman period (2nd and 1st centuries BC) have been studied – a group of material until now little studied. All of these groups of containers share a common feature in the shape of their bodies which is generally ovoid. The fact that they were conceived and developed in the economic and political context in which Rome expanded throughout the Mediterranean, transferring to its new territories its production and commercialization procedures, bears witness to the almost total integration of the Mediterranean markets.
This publication is based on the proceedings of the workshop held at Seville University in December 2015. The book brings together contributions on the main production areas of these ovoid amphorae from the Atlantic to the Greek mainland / North Peloponnese, analysing in detail the origins, evolution and disappearance of their main series. It also includes case studies that are particularly relevant in relation to their distribution, consumption patterns, contents and relationship with other groups of amphorae manufactured in the Roman Imperial era. The aim of this publication has been to present an updated and complete synthesis of the so-called ovoid amphorae, from an interdisciplinary, international and diachronic standpoint.
In The Ovoid Amphorae in the Central and Western Mediterranean between the last two centuries of the Republic and the early days of the Roman Empire, several series of amphorae created in the Late Republican Roman period (2nd and 1st centuries BC) have been studied – a group of material until now little studied. All of these groups of containers share a common feature in the shape of their bodies which is generally ovoid. The fact that they were conceived and developed in the economic and political context in which Rome expanded throughout the Mediterranean, transferring to its new territories its production and commercialization procedures, bears witness to the almost total integration of the Mediterranean markets.
This publication is based on the proceedings of the workshop held at Seville University in December 2015. The book brings together contributions on the main production areas of these ovoid amphorae from the Atlantic to the Greek mainland / North Peloponnese, analysing in detail the origins, evolution and disappearance of their main series. It also includes case studies that are particularly relevant in relation to their distribution, consumption patterns, contents and relationship with other groups of amphorae manufactured in the Roman Imperial era. The aim of this publication has been to present an updated and complete synthesis of the so-called ovoid amphorae, from an interdisciplinary, international and diachronic standpoint.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Ceramic Technology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Roman stamped pottery, and 39 moreRoman Pottery, Republican Rome, Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Ceramics (Archaeology), Late Roman Archaeology, Archaeology of Roman Hispania, Hispania (Archaeology), Terra Sigillata Hispánica, Terra Sigillata, Roman Pottery Kilns, Roman Pottery Kilns of Hispania, Roman pottery workshops of Hispania, Late Roman Pottery, Late Roman Pottery Kilns, Late Roman Pottery in Hispania, Late Roman Pottery Kilns of Hispania, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Visigothic Spain, Hellenistic Pottery, Stamped Amphora handles, Late Roman and Early Byzantine Pottery, Roman fishing and fish processing, Pottery technology and function, Hellenistic Pottery - black glaze, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Roman Amphorae, Late Roman Amphorae, Roman pottery kilns, roman pottery technology, roman archaeology, Pottery studies, Pottery kilns, Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce, Roman Lusitania, Protohistoric Pottery Kilns, Roman cities of Baetica (Hispania), Brick kiln, Potter's Wheel, Roman Archaeology, and Tarraconesis
Book of abstracts of the II Foro de Arqueología de San Fernando (9-12 november 2011). Papers about historiographic issues, last paleogeographic research and history-archaeology of our city from neolithic to modern times.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Historiography, Medieval Archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, and 13 morePaleogeography, Melkart, Torre Alta, La Puente, San Fernando, Gallineras, Cerro de los Martires, Campo de Hockey, Real Carenero, Puente Zuazo, Castillo de Sancti Petri, Castillo de San Romualdo, and Roman Archaeology
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Medieval Studies, Phoenicians, Medieval Archaeology, and 14 moreRoman Pottery, Prehistoric Art, Roman Pottery Kilns, Roman pottery workshops, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Prehistory, Roman fishing and fish processing, Gadir, Gades, Ancient Fishing, Fish-Salting, Qadis, Cádiz, and Roman Archaeology
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Landscape Archaeology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), and 24 moreIron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Romanization, Iron Age, Hellenistic Pottery, - cultural change and political dominance (Hellenization, Romanization), Cultural Change and Political Dominance (Hellenization, Romanization), Roman fishing and fish processing, Pottery Production, Gadir, Gades, Ancient Fishing, Acculturation and romanization, Punic Pottery, Pottery kilns, Salt-fish trade, Ancient saltworks, Red glaze ware, Punic coarse ware, Carthage and the Western Mediterranean, and Territorial Studies
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, and 17 morePhoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Garum and salsamenta, Gadir, Ancient Fishing, Punic Pottery, Pottery kilns, Camposoto, Kiln sites, Greek transport amphorae, Tarichos, Phoenician Punic Pottery, Archaic and classic pottery, and Tuna Fishing
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Landscape Archaeology, Textile Archaeology, Roman Villae, and 11 moreRescue Archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Gadir, Gades, Acculturation and romanization, Pottery kilns, San Fernando, Carretera de camposoto, Punic terracottas, and Roman Archaeology
Open access: https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ETFI/article/view/39890 The knowledge we have about the maritime surroundings of the city of Gadir/ Gades during Antiquity has increased exponentially in recent years thanks to diverse... more
Open access: https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ETFI/article/view/39890
The knowledge we have about the maritime surroundings of the city of Gadir/ Gades during Antiquity has increased exponentially in recent years thanks to diverse research work developed in the bay, among them the archaeological surveys and soundings carried out in La Caleta and the adjacent shallows (2008-2010), areas in which no results had been obtained with the application of new technologies. The result was the location and identification of a series of archaeological sites evidenced by concentrations of material, mostly from the Phoenician-Punic, Republican and High-Imperial periods. This paper presents an overview of the ceramic evidence recovered in this project, specifically those corresponding to the Republican period in Gades. This will make it possible to study the dynamics of the emission and reception of goods on the basis of the new data provided here.
The knowledge we have about the maritime surroundings of the city of Gadir/ Gades during Antiquity has increased exponentially in recent years thanks to diverse research work developed in the bay, among them the archaeological surveys and soundings carried out in La Caleta and the adjacent shallows (2008-2010), areas in which no results had been obtained with the application of new technologies. The result was the location and identification of a series of archaeological sites evidenced by concentrations of material, mostly from the Phoenician-Punic, Republican and High-Imperial periods. This paper presents an overview of the ceramic evidence recovered in this project, specifically those corresponding to the Republican period in Gades. This will make it possible to study the dynamics of the emission and reception of goods on the basis of the new data provided here.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Maritime Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Underwater Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), and 9 moreAncient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Ancient Shipwrecks, Hellenistic Pottery, Gadir, Gades, Roman Amphorae, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Ancient Ports and Harbours, and Roman Archaeology
Amphorae from the Phoenician world of the Far West and the Atlantic sphere have been extensively studied over the last few decades, laying the foundations for a solid chronological and typological dataset that today allows to use these... more
Amphorae from the Phoenician world of the Far West and the Atlantic sphere have been extensively studied over the last few decades, laying the foundations for a solid chronological and typological dataset that today allows to use these items as a primary source for (proto)historical research in the region. There remain, however, many production sites to be identified and characterised, as well as remarkable deficits in the technological and scientific study of many series and types. Early Iron Age amphorae were versions of Levantine series and defined a new craft tradition, becoming the forerunners of most of the major western repertoires of the following centuries. Between the 6 th and 3 rd centuries BC, however, the main reference were Carthage and its various related manufacturing areas (from Ibiza to Western Sicily), which influenced technically and formally the main western types, and were key to modify their production processes, their managing features (stamps, dipinti, etc.) and even their capacity standards.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), and 7 moreAmphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Phoenician and Punic Amphorae, and Malaka/Málaga/Spain
Recent archaeological excavations in Málaga city, in southern Spain, uncovered a Late Punic pottery workshop (2nd-1st c. BC) in association with a large assemblage of red-slip tablewares ascribed to the so-called 'Kuass ware'. These... more
Recent archaeological excavations in Málaga city, in southern Spain, uncovered a Late Punic pottery workshop (2nd-1st c. BC) in association with a large assemblage of red-slip tablewares ascribed to the so-called 'Kuass ware'. These wares, which were very widespread in the Western Punic world, are known to have been produced mainly in the area of Cádiz. However, the macroscopic features of the examples found in Málaga together with their association with a probable kiln site suggests the existence of a local production, not reported before. This hypothesis is examined in the present paper through a science-based approach, which involved the analysis of 20 samples of 'Kuass ware' from Málaga through a combination of thin section petrography and elemental analysis by WD-XRF. Results were compared to those of reference samples of 'Kuass ware' from the Bay of Cádiztheir main production areaas well as to geological samples of clays and sands from the surroundings of the site in Málaga, and to previously published data for Punic amphorae from Málaga. The analytical results support the hypothesis of a local production, effectively confirming the first instance of 'Kuass ware' production in the Mediterranean coast of Andalusia, and provide reference data for 'Kuass ware' from the Late Punic city of Malaka.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Hellenistic History, Archaeological Science, Ancient economies (Archaeology), and 10 moreArchaeometry, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Ceramics (Archaeology), Greek Pottery, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Hellenistic Pottery, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Malaka, and Cerámica tipo Kuass
The excavation conducted in the present-day Avenida Juan XXIII in the city of Malaga, following the construction of a new subway line, revealed new evidence of pottery workshops, adding them to other previously recorded sites found in... more
The excavation conducted in the present-day Avenida Juan XXIII in the city of Malaga, following the construction of a new subway line, revealed new evidence of pottery workshops, adding them to other previously recorded sites found in nearby areas (Carranque, Cerrojo, etc.). Although the kilns have not been located, the remains corresponding to the auxiliary buildings and the pottery waste dumps provide a deeper insight into the manufacturing activity characteristic of the suburban area of Malaca between the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. These findings also provide information on the incipient political, economic and social "Romanization" of the city. The contexts documented in Trenches A-B, including a large amount of discarded material to- gether with other items locally produced and imported, allows to review the characteristics of the Malacitan amphorae repertoires of this period. Specifically, the series inspired by Italic types will be the focus of attention, offering new data on the production of little-known series, as well as some brushstrokes on their commercial distribution and the relationship with other contemporary regional repertoires, highlighting the specificity of Malaca compared to Carteia and Gades.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Roman History, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), and 8 moreArchaeology of Roman Hispania, Underwater Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Roman Amphorae, Arqueología romana / Roman archeology, and Roman Archaeology
The Ergasteria project. Experimental and Virtual Archaeology for the study of the production processes and trading of amphoras during Protohistory, gathers the results of a long research career on pottery workshops and typologies of... more
The Ergasteria project. Experimental and Virtual Archaeology for the study of the production processes and trading of amphoras during Protohistory, gathers the results of a long research career on pottery workshops and typologies of containers from Southwestern Iberia, both in the coast (Bay of Cadiz) and the Lower Guadalquivir hinterland. It contributes with fresh ethnoarchaeological and experimental data from relevant case studies to the state of the field and previous research, excavations, typological studies, systematizations and archaeometric analyses conducted in the area. The main result has been to estimate the resources (manpower, raw materials, timing) necessary for the construction, operation, and maintenance of the Phoenician-style workshops and kilns of the 5th-3rd centuries BC in the region, through the design of digital and analogical ex- periments, such as the construction and testing of a full-scale kiln, the replica of potter's wheel and stamping tools, etc.
Research Interests:
Hellenistic unguentaria frequently were part of the ritual and funerary offerings of the Late Punic necropolis of Gadir between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC. Numerous archaeological excavations carried out in the area around the bay of... more
Hellenistic unguentaria frequently were part of the ritual and funerary offerings of the Late Punic necropolis of Gadir between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC. Numerous archaeological excavations carried out in the area around the bay of Cadiz, especially those in the pottery workshops, suggest that almost all the types used were usually of local manufacture. The typological evolution of the unguentaria was initially defined in the 1980s, although recent research has proposed a much more complex and nuanced picture, leading to a significant change of the chronological aspects. The different types of unguentaria found in the Bay of Cadiz were apparently the result of different influences (formal and cultural) from the eastern and central Mediterranean world, testifying to the integration of Gadir/Gades into the 'ritual fashions' in vogue during the Hellenistic period. Apart from this conventional approach to their study, the technological aspects and the operational sequence of manufacture of these pieces has also been an objective of our research. Combining macroscopic and archaeometric examination with ethnoarchaeological experimentation, we propose some initial reflections and results on aspects not previously addressed, such as the craft processes and specific techniques used in the local pottery workshops for the production of these small vessels. These aspects also make it possible to complete the current historical view of these vessels, complementing the data relating to the production-trade cycle and the function that Hellenistic unguentaria had as part of everyday life and funerary rituals in late Punic Gadir and Republican Gades.
Research Interests:
https://www.equinoxpub.com/home/view-chapter/?id=3197-2744-4 Our paper examines the evidence for rapid hybridization that marks the earliest phases of Phoenician presence in the Bay of Cadiz in c. 800-600 BC. As early as 700 BC, we argue,... more
https://www.equinoxpub.com/home/view-chapter/?id=3197-2744-4
Our paper examines the evidence for rapid hybridization that marks the earliest phases of Phoenician presence in the Bay of Cadiz in c. 800-600 BC. As early as 700 BC, we argue, a local culture had already appeared that was no longer Phoenician or Iberian, but already gadirita. To support this, a wide array of evidence is examined, including ceramic production, domestic and funerary architecture and consumption patterns, as well as genetic data. Drawing on postcolonial thought and direct historical analogies from other Semitic cultures, we suggest that the social developments in the Bay of Cádiz were not just side effects of culture contact, but part of an intentional strategy of cultural mixing that was deployed by Phoenicians as a means of improving their economic prospects in the Iron Age Bay of Cadiz.
Our paper examines the evidence for rapid hybridization that marks the earliest phases of Phoenician presence in the Bay of Cadiz in c. 800-600 BC. As early as 700 BC, we argue, a local culture had already appeared that was no longer Phoenician or Iberian, but already gadirita. To support this, a wide array of evidence is examined, including ceramic production, domestic and funerary architecture and consumption patterns, as well as genetic data. Drawing on postcolonial thought and direct historical analogies from other Semitic cultures, we suggest that the social developments in the Bay of Cádiz were not just side effects of culture contact, but part of an intentional strategy of cultural mixing that was deployed by Phoenicians as a means of improving their economic prospects in the Iron Age Bay of Cadiz.
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Ancient economies (Archaeology), Archaeometry, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), and 8 moreAmphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Cultural hybridity, Tartessos, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Phoenician trade, and Archaeology of Colonialism
The manufacture of salted fish in the Cádiz Bay reached a great popularity during the Phoenician and Punic era and continued in Roman times. The distribution and trade of these products throughout the Mediterranean were linked to the... more
The manufacture of salted fish in the Cádiz Bay reached a great popularity during the Phoenician and Punic era and continued in Roman times. The distribution and trade of these products throughout the Mediterranean were linked to the growth of a powerful supplementary pottery industry. The massive quantities of amphorae suitable for maritime trade required annually for the fishy business led to the creation of dozens of ceramic kilns that supplied the Bay of Cadiz region, producing fineware, cooking wares and terracottas in addition to amphorae. These pottery workshops have been documented in sites such as Pery Junquera, Gallineras, Villa Maruja, Calle Real, Camposoto or Torre Alta, and the earliest productions can be dated in the 6th century BC. Most of them remained active until the establishment of Roman-style ateliers during the 2nd century BC. In Torre Alta and Camposoto some well-preserved examples of Phoenician and Punic kilns were unearthed and studied (and are still in situ or included in the local museum exhibition). The research conducted on those kilns has made possible to identify the raw materials used, the evolution of the construction techniques and the adoption of new features taken from the Carthaginian and Roman artisanal traditions. Using archaeological digital tools such as photogrammetric documentation and 3D modeling we have carried out a historical, typological and architectural analysis of the kilns, studying their origin, features and evolution, and also focusing on simulating of their production timing and capacities. Results of this ongoing research and of new forthcoming projects will be presented in this paper.
Research Interests:
Cerro Macareno is an important tell located in the lower course of the Guadalquivir Valley, close to a navigable channel and in the heart of a dense network of settlements that marked out the ancient estuary. The site was abandoned at the... more
Cerro Macareno is an important tell located in the lower course of the Guadalquivir Valley, close to a navigable channel and in the heart of a dense network of settlements that marked out the ancient estuary. The site was abandoned at the end of the 2nd century B.C. so, despite the significant destruction that it suffered in the mid-1970s, its more than 7 meters of stratigraphy preserve an uninterrupted sequence that extends from the beginning of the Iron Age to the early stages of the Romanisation of southern Iberia. It was one of the first cities founded in the Guadalquivir valley and therefore represents a unique document to study the origins and development of urbanism in ancient Tartessus and later Turdetania. The excavations carried out between 1974 and 1976 and the new research project promoted by the University of Seville since 2017 have provided interesting data on the introduction of earthen architecture by the Phoenician colonisers and its evolution throughout the 1st millennium B.C. The paper focuses on the analysis of the construction techniques, both in domestic structures and in industrial facilities (typological approaches, fabrics and raw materials, photogrammetric models of buildings and experimental archaeology). The first results highlight the weight of the Orientalising tradition and at the same time that local nuances were progressively developed throughout the Classical and Hellenistic periods.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The item discussed in this paper comes from the excavations conducted by Esteve Guerrero at Mesas de Asta (Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz), whose great historical and archaeological potential has yet to be fully explored. This is a small and... more
The item discussed in this paper comes from the excavations conducted by Esteve Guerrero at Mesas de Asta (Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz), whose great historical and archaeological potential has yet to be fully explored. This is a small and unpublished fragment belonging to a Hellenistic white slip lagynos.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Greek Archaeology, Archaeology of Roman Hispania, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), and 9 moreGreek Pottery, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Romanization, Hellenistic Pottery, Gades, History of wine, Roman Archaeology, Hispania Ulterior Baetica, and Lagynos ware
Con esta pequeña aportación pretendemos dar a conocer dos minúsculos conjuntos cerámicos recuperados en la zona sur de San Fernando, con el objetivo de contribuir a llenar el significativo vacío de información que existe en relación a... more
Con esta pequeña aportación pretendemos dar a conocer dos minúsculos conjuntos cerámicos recuperados en la zona sur de San Fernando, con el objetivo de contribuir a llenar el significativo vacío de información que existe en relación a zonas urbanizadas en las últimas décadas sin control arqueológico. Dichos restos corresponden a cerámicas de época púnica y tardopúnica que, por sus características y ubicación, podrían corresponder a restos de dos nuevas localizaciones alfareras prerromanas. Aunque muy modestos, estos restos permiten reflexionar sobre el modelo de poblamiento desarrollado en la zona entre los siglos V-II a.C., y sobre los patrones de distribución del numeroso grupo de talleres artesanales establecidos en lo que actualmente es San Fernando, identificados o excavados a cuentagotas a lo largo de las últimas décadas.
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A small collection of items dating to the Iron Age and early Roman times found in the area of Sancti Petri is studied.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Underwater Archaeology, and 9 moreMaritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Hercules, Gadir, Gades, Roman Amphorae, Phoenician and Punic Studies, and Melqart
The study of the evolution of formal and capacity standards of transport amphorae and their historical implications has been the subject of numerous investigations in the classical Greek world and in other cultural spheres of the ancient... more
The study of the evolution of formal and capacity standards of transport amphorae and their historical implications has been the subject of numerous investigations in the classical Greek world and in other cultural spheres of the ancient Mediterranean for decades , but has a more limited historiographical trajectory in the Phoenician-Punic world. This discrepancy is remarkably pronounced in the case of the port cities of the “Far West”, where this line of research has been barely explored to date on either amphorae or other ceramic groups (finewares, kitchenware , etc.). For the moment, academic attention has focused more on the metrology of balance weights and their relationship with metal hoards likely for pre-monetary exchange, and on the connection of weight-measurement systems (apparently linked to Levantine standards) to the initial stages of peninsular coinages.
The topic that motivates this work is therefore very complex, with extensive eastward and westward ramifications; and it is part of historical intercultural interaction developed over an equally long period that has been the subject of a large number of previous investigations. As a result, the aim of this work is not to provide definitive solutions to many of the questions still open on these issues, but to try to shed light on the general from the particular, from the West to the East. To achieve this goal, we will focus on the case of the city of Gadir/Gades throughout the 1st millennium BC, trying to decode – thanks to an exponential growth of data in the last two decades – the main characteristics of the local amphora series and the standardization of both shapes and capacity patterns. We will examine the Levantine origin of both the typologies and the metric systems followed to create their designs, their evolution over the course of more than five hundred years, and the changes observed in both aspects following the Roman conquest of the area in 206 BC.
This approach to the case of the Bay of Cádiz will make use of an extensive dataset that results from decades of fieldwork and in-depth analyses of the local ceramic workshops and amphora production , which will be combined with the use of digital tools and experimental archaeology to examine the average capacity of each local type or series. The available information on the metric standards of weight and volume in the Levant, and in Iberia itself and the broader Mediterranean West, will also help to connect both worlds and to verify the continuities and turning points, especially regarding the changes that occurred at the end of the Iron Age. Finally, we will discuss some significant historical inferences by comparing our results with those obtained in other related areas such as Ibiza, Málaga, and the main fluvial regions of Turdetania.
The topic that motivates this work is therefore very complex, with extensive eastward and westward ramifications; and it is part of historical intercultural interaction developed over an equally long period that has been the subject of a large number of previous investigations. As a result, the aim of this work is not to provide definitive solutions to many of the questions still open on these issues, but to try to shed light on the general from the particular, from the West to the East. To achieve this goal, we will focus on the case of the city of Gadir/Gades throughout the 1st millennium BC, trying to decode – thanks to an exponential growth of data in the last two decades – the main characteristics of the local amphora series and the standardization of both shapes and capacity patterns. We will examine the Levantine origin of both the typologies and the metric systems followed to create their designs, their evolution over the course of more than five hundred years, and the changes observed in both aspects following the Roman conquest of the area in 206 BC.
This approach to the case of the Bay of Cádiz will make use of an extensive dataset that results from decades of fieldwork and in-depth analyses of the local ceramic workshops and amphora production , which will be combined with the use of digital tools and experimental archaeology to examine the average capacity of each local type or series. The available information on the metric standards of weight and volume in the Levant, and in Iberia itself and the broader Mediterranean West, will also help to connect both worlds and to verify the continuities and turning points, especially regarding the changes that occurred at the end of the Iron Age. Finally, we will discuss some significant historical inferences by comparing our results with those obtained in other related areas such as Ibiza, Málaga, and the main fluvial regions of Turdetania.
Research Interests: Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Phoenicians, Ancient economies (Archaeology), and 8 moreAncient Near East, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archeologia Fenicio-Punica, and Phoenician and Punic Amphorae
Since the 1970s, numerous ancient amphorae have been recovered from the deep sea in Ceuta, especially for the work carried out by Juan Bravo. Almost 50 years after these findings, the re-study of these late Roman-Republican transport... more
Since the 1970s, numerous ancient amphorae have been recovered from the deep sea in Ceuta, especially for the work carried out by Juan Bravo. Almost 50 years after these findings, the re-study of these late Roman-Republican transport containers found at different sites around the Bay of Ceuta has made it possible to update their typology and compare them with the cargo of other shipwrecks located in the western Mediterranean. This new study clarifies the role and relationships of the Ceuta coastline in the Roman Republican period in the context of the Strait of Gibraltar and adds another indicator to the study of maritime trade routes in the central-western Mediterranean and the distribution of certain groups of containers (T-7.4.3.0, Dressel 1, Lamb. 2) in land areas on the north-eastern side of the future Mauretania Tingitana.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Underwater Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), and 13 moreAmphorae (Archaeology), Mauretania Tingitana, Gadir, Gades, Roman Amphorae, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Ceuta, Ancient Seafaring, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, Phoenician and Punic Amphorae, Malaca, Ancient Ports and Harbours, and Roman Archaeology
Although earthen construction can be traced back to prehistoric times in the Iberian Peninsula, the Phoenician colonization was largely key for the introduction of new architectural models from the Levantine region, evidently in... more
Although earthen construction can be traced back to prehistoric times in the Iberian Peninsula, the Phoenician colonization was largely key for the introduction of new architectural models from the Levantine region, evidently in association with a series of building techniques, metrological standards, installations and uses, which became widespread during the 1st millennium BC. Such models and techniques evolved and developed regionally, adding new concepts and methods that were adapted to the specific requirements of each region and to the lifestyles of the different cultural groups. The Lower Guadalquivir was one of the main hot spots for the spread of this new architecture, related to the early expansion of the urbanization process in Tartessos/Turdetania. Numerous sites have provided information on this complex phenomenon, although only on a few cases building units or quarters have been excavated extensively. Among them, Cerro Macareno stands out. This site is an ancient tell located at the back of the Guadalquivir estuary, a few kilometers from the city of Ilipa (present-day Alcalá del Río). Its singularity lies in the fact that the site was abandoned at the beginning of the Roman period, so it was not disturbed by later urban developments and is not hidden beneath a historical city. Despite the destruction suffered in the mid-1970s due to gravel mining, the remains of the site revealed that there are more than 7 meters of stratigraphy preserving an uninterrupted sequence that extends from the 8th century to the end of the 2nd century BC. The salvage excavations carried out in 1974-1976, as well as the ongoing fieldwork conducted by the University of Seville since 2017, have provided fresh information on the introduction of earthen architecture of Levantine tradition in the region and its local evolution throughout the Turdetan period.
Research Interests: Archaeology, History of construction technology, Ancient Near East, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Household Archaeology, and 9 moreAncient Technology (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Earthen Architecture, Ancient Architecture, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Tarteso, Turdetania, and Adobe and Earthen Building Materials
Culinary culture has played an essential role in the configuration and interaction of human societies throughout history, shaping both individual and collective identities. Like the modern Mediterranean diet, Phoenician-Punic subsistence... more
Culinary culture has played an essential role in the configuration and interaction of human societies throughout history, shaping both individual and collective identities. Like the modern Mediterranean diet, Phoenician-Punic subsistence relied on cereals, often in the form of bread. However, literary, epigraphic and material evidence on its production and consumption among Iron Age communities in the western Mediterranean is significantly limited. This article discusses the results of an experimental project regarding the construction process, use, and maintenance of the pyrostructures (tannūr ovens) used to bake bread, establishing comparisons with a selection of previous research from other Mediterranean geographical and cultural settings. The two ovens used, a fixed adobe and a ceramic portable, have made it possible to bake bread and cook other meals using cookware replicas. Thus, technical procedures, such as the timing of baking processes and the estimation of fuel, etc., have been analysed. This experimental and ethnographic approach, combined with the archaeological record, has provided new insight into resource management and production patterns regarding this staple food. Insight into the development of “kitchens” and complex cooking throughout the Iron Age in this peripheral area of the Mediterranean world was also gained.
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Presentamos un conjunto inédito de estampillas anfóricas y tituli picti de época romano-republicana documenta- dos en las excavaciones realizadas entre los años 2005 y 2006 en el solar de la Biblioteca Municipal de Mértola. La mayor parte... more
Presentamos un conjunto inédito de estampillas anfóricas y tituli picti de época romano-republicana documenta- dos en las excavaciones realizadas entre los años 2005 y 2006 en el solar de la Biblioteca Municipal de Mértola. La mayor parte aparecieron en contexto, en pequeños basureros o grandes niveles de vertidos asociados a la muralla de la ciudad, que pueden fecharse en el último tercio del siglo II a. C. Se trata del grupo de epígrafes anfóricos más numeroso y variado de los registrados en la vertiente occidental del estrecho de Gibraltar y, en general, en la costa atlántica peninsular, para esta cronología. Reúne un nutrido grupo de estampillas de tradición púnica, tanto de procedencia occidental como norteafricana, así como también griegas y latinas, a los que se suman varios tituli picti sobre envases púnicos e itálicos. Entre ellas destacan algunas improntas inéditas o escasamente documentadas, sobre todo entre los sellos púnicos, mientras que los tituli picti revelan nuevos datos sobre el inicio de la actividad de los posesores itálicos en el Mediterráneo occidental. Además del examen detallado de cada espécimen, se realiza un análisis del significado de este conjunto en el estudio del tráfico de mercancías en el occidente peninsular tras la conquista romana y el papel de Gadir como catalizador de estas relaciones comerciales.
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Ancient economies (Archaeology), Latin Epigraphy, Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Archaeology of Roman Hispania, and 9 moreRoman Trade Networks, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Ancient Greek Epigraphy, Stamped Amphora handles, Roman Amphorae, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Roman Lusitania, and Roman Archaeology
https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/dam/jcr:c445761a-0f68-42d2-8d78-c2152729d826/nans2023-a1n8.pdf Estudio de restos anfóricos del área de La Caleta, y reflexiones sobre la posible localización de un naufragio púnico del siglo V a.C. en... more
https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/dam/jcr:c445761a-0f68-42d2-8d78-c2152729d826/nans2023-a1n8.pdf
Estudio de restos anfóricos del área de La Caleta, y reflexiones sobre la posible localización de un naufragio púnico del siglo V a.C. en la zona suroeste del paleocanal. Se trata de uno de los escasos testimonios de un pecio de estas características, aparentemente cargado con ánforas T-11210 locales, el cual aguarda por ahora una intervención específica que permita determinar su ubicación concreta y sus características.
Estudio de restos anfóricos del área de La Caleta, y reflexiones sobre la posible localización de un naufragio púnico del siglo V a.C. en la zona suroeste del paleocanal. Se trata de uno de los escasos testimonios de un pecio de estas características, aparentemente cargado con ánforas T-11210 locales, el cual aguarda por ahora una intervención específica que permita determinar su ubicación concreta y sus características.
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The Punic trade with the communities of the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula is a phenomenon that only in recent years became visible to the academics. Since the last decades of the 20th century, several excavations have brought to... more
The Punic trade with the communities of the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula is a phenomenon that only in recent years became visible to the academics. Since the last decades of the 20th century, several excavations have brought to light imported products from the Mediterranean or South Iberian Peninsula, especially from the area of the Strait of Gibraltar: glass beads, metal artifacts and ceramic vessels, in particular. With few exceptions, these materials hardly raised the interest of researchers or, at best, the most representative ones were studied separately, considered as luxury products in the framework of a prestige economy, always from a local perspective. It was not until the last decade that the first summary papers were published providing pioneering proposals for the interpretation of their presence in this region as part of the commercial expansion of Gadir at the end of the Iron Age, without forgetting the role they played in the socio-economic relations and cultural practices of the northwestern communities.
Among the ceramics identified, the amphorae have an important place due to their quantity, geographical distribution and chronological significance, spanning throughout almost the entire Late Iron Age and the early years of Roman presence in the northwest. Likewise, they are very significant given their informative potential on the food imported (and consumed) by these populations during each of those periods. For a first analysis of these amphorae, a series of sites have been selected in which these artefacts are found in significant quantities, in an attempt to examine different areas of the region. In this initial stage of the study, the work has focused on the Rías Bajas (Vigo and Pontevedra) and the Rías Altas (A Coruña), systematically studying Castro de A Lanzada (Pontevedra), Castros de Toralla and Punta do Muiño-Alcabre (Vigo), as well as materials from Castro Elviña and the bay of A Coruña. The material mainly includes Cadiz (Gadir) productions, that can be dated from the end of the 4th century BC to the end of the 1st century BC. In this later stage the first Italic imports, their South-Peninsular imitations and the first Betic provincial productions are also attested. The aim of our work is to analyze this diachronic process, identifying the products, their provenance and distribution, as well as the different phases, taking into account not only the commercial dynamics of Gadir but also the political and social events that took place in the region in this advanced stage of the Castro culture.
Among the ceramics identified, the amphorae have an important place due to their quantity, geographical distribution and chronological significance, spanning throughout almost the entire Late Iron Age and the early years of Roman presence in the northwest. Likewise, they are very significant given their informative potential on the food imported (and consumed) by these populations during each of those periods. For a first analysis of these amphorae, a series of sites have been selected in which these artefacts are found in significant quantities, in an attempt to examine different areas of the region. In this initial stage of the study, the work has focused on the Rías Bajas (Vigo and Pontevedra) and the Rías Altas (A Coruña), systematically studying Castro de A Lanzada (Pontevedra), Castros de Toralla and Punta do Muiño-Alcabre (Vigo), as well as materials from Castro Elviña and the bay of A Coruña. The material mainly includes Cadiz (Gadir) productions, that can be dated from the end of the 4th century BC to the end of the 1st century BC. In this later stage the first Italic imports, their South-Peninsular imitations and the first Betic provincial productions are also attested. The aim of our work is to analyze this diachronic process, identifying the products, their provenance and distribution, as well as the different phases, taking into account not only the commercial dynamics of Gadir but also the political and social events that took place in the region in this advanced stage of the Castro culture.
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After several decades of continued research, including excavations in stratified pottery workshops, archaeometric investigations and typological seriation, it is possible to provide an improved view of amphorae production in the Bay of... more
After several decades of continued research, including excavations in stratified pottery workshops, archaeometric investigations and typological seriation, it is possible to provide an improved view of amphorae production in the Bay of Cadiz. Latest research grants archaeological data which makes possible to trace the main groups, from the Phoenician period to the Late Republican age, in which most of the Punic types ceased its production and were replaced by ‘provincial’ series almost fully Romanized. A significant number of workshops have been discovered and excavated in the insular hinterland of the city, mostly dating from the late-6th to the 1st century BCE, providing key information about the evolution of artisanal techniques and production trends. Also, recent archaeometric research has supplemented that information with new indications of the earlier stages of local pottery production (focusing both on amphorae and tablewares), and providing an accurate fingerprint for the identification of local ceramics of the 1st millennium BCE. Based on these data and the analysis of pottery finds from other sites located around the bay (such as Cadiz itself, Castillo de Doña Blanca, Chiclana, etc.), a massive production of transport vessels in the insular ateliers can be suspected from the colonial stage and particularly during the 6th to the 1st century AD linked to the commerce of salted fish (and other secondary commodities such as wine). Consequently, the main goals of this paper will be: 1) the examination of ‘families’ and types from Phoenician to Late Punic times, introducing some unidentified variants; 2) present a panoramic view of the workshops; 3) results of the archaeometric approaches and exploration of future steps of the research; 4) Analysis of stamps and its role in production processes; 5) Contents, residue analysis and experimental archaeology (filling up and sealing of amphorae); 6) study the distribution of the amphorae from Gadir, considering some significant case studies; and finally 7) discuss some ideas about the economic and social relevance of the amphora trade and the maritime activities in the Bay of Cadiz during the 1st millennium BCE.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 11 morePhoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Amphorae, Earthen Architecture, Gadir, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Pottery kilns, and Gadir / Gades
The article focuses on the examination of the architectural remains and pottery discovered by salvage excavations in the eastern area of present-day Malaga. The site (Juan XXIII St.) revealed a first Punic phase (6th-3rd c. BC) with no... more
The article focuses on the examination of the architectural remains and pottery discovered by salvage excavations in the eastern area of present-day Malaga. The site (Juan XXIII St.) revealed a first Punic phase (6th-3rd c. BC) with no remains of structures; also, uncovered some buildings and evidence of pottery production dating from the 2nd century BC to the Roman imperial period. The production of amphorae, found in massive quantities, was the main activity all along the consecutive stages. The paper provides an overview of the successive and overlapping phases, characterized by simple buildings and deposits (pits filled with potters’ debris) and, additionally, a preliminary examination of the production of amphorae and red-slip tablewares during the 2nd-1st centuries BC. The new data will make possible to raise some initial hypothesis about the local land-planning and its evolution in pre-Augustan times, an also concerning the role that the Juan XXIII workshop played in the maritime-oriented economy of Malaka and the Strait of Gibraltar region.
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Se presentan y discuten dos piezas selladas inéditas de ánforas de origen brindisino procedentes de El Coronil (Sevilla) y Mesas de Asta (Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz). El escaso número de ejemplares de este tipo de envases hallados en el... more
Se presentan y discuten dos piezas selladas inéditas de ánforas de origen brindisino procedentes de El Coronil (Sevilla) y Mesas de Asta (Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz). El escaso número de ejemplares de este tipo de envases hallados en el SO peninsular motiva que estas dos nuevas piezas tengan un especial interés para completar la panorámica de las relaciones comerciales entre este espacio y la zona adriática, así como la presencia itálica en el territorio y sus patrones de consumo. El estudio se enmarca en una revisión de la distribución de estos contenedores en el SO peninsular, cuestión hasta ahora no abordada específicamente, mostrando una presencia limitada pero significativa en relación a las rutas marítimas y vías de aprovisionamiento de la zona durante los siglos II-I a.C.
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The end of the Second Punic War was a turning point for the communities settled in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, a period shaped by the presence of Italic colonists and the arrival of products brought from Italy to supply these... more
The end of the Second Punic War was a turning point for the communities settled in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, a period shaped by the presence of Italic colonists and the arrival of products brought from Italy to supply these communities. This paper focuses primarily on a set of amphorae vessels and a mortar dating to the late Republican period found at Mesas de Asta in the same archaeological context during the excavations conducted in 1945-46. This work updates the information provided by the amphorae on the basis of recent typological and chronological data and analitic approaches, as well as examining the several stamps of some of the items. Thus, the goal is to identify the Mediterranean imports that circulated and were consumed at Hasta Regia and to provide a new archaeological reference for the analysis of the role played by this settlement in the framework of the fluvial-maritime trade routes that connected the west of the Ulterior and the Mediterranean during the 2nd-1st centuries BC.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Maritime Archaeology, Roman Economy, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), and 9 moreAmphorae (Archaeology), Romanization, Roman Amphorae, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Tituli Picti, Roman Amphorae stamps, Roman Archaeology, Dipinti on Amphoras, and Asta Regia
The aim of our contribution is to analyse the available archaeological record on a singular phenomenon recently detected in some castros in the Galician area: the presence of ´betyllic sanctuaries located in estuaries, in sites probably... more
The aim of our contribution is to analyse the available archaeological record on a singular phenomenon recently detected in some castros in the Galician area: the presence of ´betyllic sanctuaries located in estuaries, in sites probably linked to the drainage of the metalliferous resources that made this region famous in Antiquity. We briefly reflect on the characteristics of the sites and their role in the dynamics of commercial and cultural contact between the galaic communities and the Punic population of southern Iberia, especially Gadir, during the Second Iron Age, as possible free points with a similar functionality to the southern sanctuaries, although devoid of their monumentality.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Cultural Identity, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, and 8 moreMaritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Castros Culture in Nortwestern Iberia, and Phoenician Punic Religion
Desde inicios del I milenio a.C. la pesca y las salazones se convirtieron en un recurso de primer orden para la subsistencia y el comercio de los fenicios asentados en Occidente. Las técnicas traídas del Levante mediterráneo permitieron... more
Desde inicios del I milenio a.C. la pesca y las salazones se convirtieron en un recurso de primer orden para la subsistencia y el comercio de los fenicios asentados en Occidente. Las técnicas traídas del Levante mediterráneo permitieron multiplicar las capturas, conservarlas en sal, fabricar nuevos productos, y comerciar con ellos a largas distancias. Entre los siglos VI-V a.C. pasaron de ser un alimento modesto a convertirse en apreciadas delicatesen, en especial el atún rojo, muy apreciadas entre fenicios, iberos y griegos. Gadir, la Bahía de Cádiz, obtuvo gran prestigio internacional como la principal “marca comercial” de estas conservas occidentales.
Research Interests: Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Archaeology of salt, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), and 9 moreAmphorae (Archaeology), Archaeology of food, Roman fishing and fish processing, Gadir, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archeologia Fenicio-Punica, Fish processing Technology, and Ancient Seafaring
Previous studies have highlighted the existence of intense trading activities between the Levant and the Aegean throughout the Classical and Hellenistic periods. However, the available material evidence concerning these commercial... more
Previous studies have highlighted the existence of intense trading activities between the Levant and the Aegean throughout the Classical and Hellenistic periods. However, the available material evidence concerning these commercial connections is still quite limited and most of the academic literature is based on written sources and epigraphic finds. Our contribution aims to provide a new set of archaeological data and, on that basis, to review the current hypotheses on the post-Archaic Levant-Aegean interactions. In fact, several documents allow sketching an innovative picture regarding the economic and trading networks that developed linking the Le-vantine coast, some Aegean islands and mainland Greece. Epigraphic data illustrate the presence of "Phoenician" communities who lived (and died) in various Greek cities. Additionally, several unpublished finds from key underwater contexts and an exceptional Levantine and Pu-nic amphorae assemblage found in the southeastern Aegean (off the coast of Levitha Island) provide fresh data on the consumption of Phoenician wine in the Classical and Hellenistic Aegean. By confronting these historical sources, a connection between these commercial relations with specific historical circumstances is proposed, and also the most likely design of the main maritime routes is explored. The paper examines the continuity of the connectivity and mobility of people and goods from the 5th to the 3rd centuries B. C. In any case, the evidence studied in this paper can be considered just as the tip of the iceberg of a quite larger amount of similar unpublished finds that still need to be studied and integrated within the conventional historical narrative.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Ancient Greek History, and 9 moreUnderwater Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Ancient Shipwrecks, Culture Contact, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Greek transport amphorae, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, and Ancient Ports and Harbours
The results of the recent excavations carried out at Cerro Macareno (La Rinconada, Seville) have improved the in-progress study of the table ware repertoire used by the populations of the Bay of Cadiz and the interior of the Guadalquivir... more
The results of the recent excavations carried out at Cerro Macareno (La Rinconada, Seville) have improved the in-progress study of the table ware repertoire used by the populations of the Bay of Cadiz and the interior of the Guadalquivir valley (the Turdetani of the classical sources) and its transformation immediately before and after the Roman conquest. The addition of new “Hellenized” consumption patterns among the communities of the Mediterranean far west was a result of the intermediation of Punic Gadir and its sphere of influence, which played a key role as main port and agent of change for most of the ceramic repertoires and in-style uses in the post-Classical western Mediterranean. This process gained momentum with the annexation of these territories by Rome, the extension of the commercial networks and the influence of the Italic populations that settled in the new Hispanic provinces. Even so, the interior of the Turdetanian region mostly remained unconnected to the cooking and culinary consumption patterns that became widespread at the time, adapting kitchen and table wares to their own tradition. Singular patterns of use in both local fine ware production and imports (“Kuass-type” ware, Italic black glazed fine ware, thin-walled pottery, etc.) have been observed in the available archaeological record and should be verified in some other recently unearthed contexts. In this paper, the pottery found in contemporaneous contexts (dating to the end ofthe 2nd century B.C.) in two ports at the ancient mouth of the Guadalquivir is established, all of them closely related to the seaborne Punic trade: Spal (Seville) and Cerro Macareno (La Rinconada, Seville).
Research Interests:
For decades ceramic unguentaria have been found in hundreds of tombs excavated in the insular necropolis of ancient Gadir/Gades, as part of the distinctive set of Hellenistic grave goods commonly found in the late Punic and early Roman... more
For decades ceramic unguentaria have been found in hundreds of tombs excavated in the insular necropolis of ancient Gadir/Gades, as part of the distinctive set of Hellenistic grave goods commonly found in the late Punic and early Roman burials (which also included coins, glass-eye beads, fibulae, other local pottery vessels, etc.). In spite of this, the study of the local production and the typological evolution of the ceramic unguentaria have barely received any specific attention so far, and only a few studies have suggested a local consumption and manufacture of these items throughout the 4th to the 1st century B.C. The paper provides an in-depth review of the current state of the research and a review of the available archaeological data, so the main scope will be to settle a more solid chronological framework – as there is a lack of any evidence of local production of unguentaria before the 3rd century B. C. in the pottery workshops excavated across the bay – and discuss the Carthaginian influence on the early stages of their local production and consumption. Also, the paper focuses on the function of the ceramic unguentaria as grave goods in the area, and assesses any additional uses that the available information could suggest. Summing up, the aim of the paper is to analyse how the burial ceremonies in Gadir/Gades evolved during the Hellenistic period and foreign traditions, such as the use of ceramic unguentaria became a standard trend probably as a result of Mediterranean contacts with Carthage, Italy and the western Greek world.
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A mediados de la centuria pasada, Manuel Esteve Guerrero llevó a cabo una serie de excavaciones en Mesas de Asta para localizar el asentamiento de Hasta Regia. En el lado oriental del corte, bajo el pavimento de época califal, junto a... more
A mediados de la centuria pasada, Manuel Esteve Guerrero llevó a cabo una serie de excavaciones en Mesas de Asta para localizar el asentamiento de Hasta Regia. En el lado oriental del corte, bajo el pavimento de época califal, junto a otras piezas, fueron recuperados diversos fragmentos de ánforas romanas y púnicas que, según su excavador, habrían sido empleadas para allanar el terreno para la posterior construcción. Entre el conjunto ánforico destaca la presencia de tres ejemplares portando sellos epigráficos (L·PACONI, AGA y ABETIL) y otro que, como describe su excavador, tiene “parte de una le- yenda pintada de rojo”. Esta última será objeto de atención en estas páginas. Se trata de un titulus pictus realizado en grandes trazos rojos, que parece responder a una marca pintada frecuen- te en relación a la actividad de la gens Eumachia.
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Un ejemplo paradigmático de este tipo de alfar, por ser uno de los más excavados y mejor documentados hasta la fecha, es Torre Alta. El yacimiento se ubica al noroeste del término municipal de San Fernando. Desde su descubrimiento por... more
Un ejemplo paradigmático de este tipo de alfar, por ser uno de los más excavados y mejor documentados hasta la fecha, es Torre Alta. El yacimiento se ubica al noroeste del término municipal de San Fernando. Desde su descubrimiento por parte de aficionados locales en 1987, se han sucedido distintas campañas en 1993-1995, 1997 y 2001-2003 motivadas por la salvaguarda del patrimonio ante la urbanización de la zona. Los trabajos efectuados nos ofrecen como resultado un “prototipo de alfar gadirita” tardío, compuesto por 7 hornos cerámicos, cuyas cronologías se sitúan en la fase tardopúnica (siglos III-II a.C.). Los vertederos excavados para la fase tardopúnica evidencian una producción especializada en la elaboración de ánforas de transporte (T-12110, T-8211, T-9110), seguida en frecuencia por la manufactura de cerámicas de bar- niz rojo o “tipo Kuass”, la vajilla engobada en rojo característica de la época. A esto debemos añadir la presencia de terracotas e instrumental alfarero. De entre el utillaje artesanal especializado documentado en dicho yacimiento, traemos a colación un punzón para estampillar. En el presente trabajo abordaremos el estudio de cinco piezas cerámicas de “tipo Kuass” procedentes de Torre Alta que comparten un denominador común: el motivo de sus estampillas (palmetas esquemáticas) es coincidente con el de dicho punzón.
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Este texto se centra en un ejemplo más de la producción de coroplastia del área del Cerro de los Mártires. El molde (o sobremolde) que nos ocupa se encuentra en una colección privada local y no se dispone de información re- ferente al... more
Este texto se centra en un ejemplo más de la producción de coroplastia del área del Cerro de los Mártires. El molde (o sobremolde) que nos ocupa se encuentra en una colección privada local y no se dispone de información re- ferente al contexto de su hallazgo, más allá de su asociación segura con la zona, dado que no llegó a cederse o depositarse en el Museo Histórico Municipal. Se trata de una pieza cerámica rectangular, de unos 12-15 cm de lado, similar a un individuo latericio común, que, en realidad, corresponde a un molde dada la presencia en una de sus caras del negativo de un motivo antropomorfo.
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El santuario fenicio de Melqart en Gadir, conocido posteriormente en época romana como Hércules Gaditano, fue uno de los lugares de culto más renombrados en la Antigüedad, visitado por grandes personajes como Aníbal o Julio César, y... more
El santuario fenicio de Melqart en Gadir, conocido posteriormente en época romana como Hércules Gaditano, fue uno de los lugares de culto más renombrados en la Antigüedad, visitado por grandes personajes como Aníbal o Julio César, y mencionado por numerosos autores grecolatinos. Sin embargo, su localización sigue siendo hoy objeto de controversia. La información disponible, textual, geomorfológica y arqueológica, apunta al entorno de la Punta del Boquerón como posible ubicación del famoso santuario. Repasamos en este trabajo las principales fuentes y soportes de esta propuesta, desde los testimonios literarios antiguos a los datos geoarqueológicos más recientes, como avance de un proyecto de investigación que pretende desentrañar de una vez por todas una de las principales incógnitas aún por despejar del mundo antiguo en Occidente.
Véase también: https://es.scribd.com/article/561302241/Sera-Este-El-Templo-De-Hercules
https://youtu.be/ZOHT8xKqNXQ
Véase también: https://es.scribd.com/article/561302241/Sera-Este-El-Templo-De-Hercules
https://youtu.be/ZOHT8xKqNXQ
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 15 moreArchaeology of Roman Hispania, Sacred Landscape (Archaeology), Iron Age, Hercules, Hispania, Herakles, Gadir, Gades, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archaeology of cult, Roman cities of Baetica (Hispania), Phoenician Punic Religion, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Roman Archaeology, and Melqart
Entre los años 2010 y 2011 se excavaron en la zona de la actual Avenida Juan XXIII de Málaga con motivo de la construcción del metro de la ciudad restos de instalaciones ubicadas en la periferia de la ciudad antigua, entre los estuarios... more
Entre los años 2010 y 2011 se excavaron en la zona de la actual Avenida Juan XXIII de Málaga con motivo de la construcción del metro de la ciudad restos de instalaciones ubicadas en la periferia de la ciudad antigua, entre los estuarios de los ríos Guadalmedina y Guadalhorce. La producción cerámica en esta zona había sido ya atestiguada en Carranque y puntos cercanos por hallazgos antiguos que sugerían una actividad centrada en época tardorrepublicana y altoimperial (también funeraria). Las excavaciones recientes llevadas a cabo por Taller de Investigaciones Arqueológicas han permitido documentar una secuencia de ocupación amplia en varios puntos que demuestra un poblamiento de este sector iniciado probablemente hacia el siglo VI a.C., y que entre los siglos II-I a.C. fue escenario de la ubicación de un taller alfarero cuya actividad parece prolongarse hasta más allá del Principado augusteo. Los abundantes contextos y materiales documentados permiten ahora plantear una síntesis sobre la evolución de la producción anfórica malacitana desde una perspectiva tipológica y económica con bases estratigráficas firmes. El trabajo pretende por tanto sistematizar esta novedosa información, matizando propuestas anteriores y prestando especial atención a la comparativa con otros modelos productivos regionales (como el de Gadir/Gades) y la influencia de los repertorios itálicos en la conformación de las series anfóricas locales de época romano-republicana.
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Cerro Macareno (La Rinconada, Sevilla) es un gran tell protohistórico situado en el Bajo Guadalquivir, junto a un antiguo cauce navegable y en el corazón de la red urbana formada por Ilipa Magna (Alcalá del Río), Italica (Santiponce),... more
Cerro Macareno (La Rinconada, Sevilla) es un gran tell protohistórico situado en el Bajo Guadalquivir, junto a un antiguo cauce navegable y en el corazón de la red urbana formada por Ilipa Magna (Alcalá del Río), Italica (Santiponce), Spal (Sevilla), Caura (Coria del Río) y Orippo (Dos Hermanas), ya en la antigua desembocadura de este río. Sus casi 7 metros de potencia recogen una ocupación prácticamente ininterrumpida que arranca a inicios de la colonización fenicia (en torno al siglo VIII a.C.) y finaliza en los primeros compases de la romanización, a finales del siglo II a.C. Al contrario que los asentamientos anteriores, no tiene continuidad en época altoimperial, aunque pudo albergar un establecimiento rural en época tardoantigua.
Desde las excavaciones realizadas a mediados de los años setenta, con el fin de evitar la destrucción a la que estaba siendo sometido por su puesta en explotación como una cantera de áridos, el yacimiento no ha vuelto a ser objeto de intervenciones arqueológicas. Aun así, el interés de los resultados obtenidos lo convirtieron en un referente para el estudio de la protohistoria del Bajo Guadalquivir y especialmente para la seriación de sus repertorios materiales, sobre todo las ánforas. En la actualidad se conservan unas 2 ha del primitivo tell repartidas en dos cerros testigos, el más oriental, que correspondería a la zona de hábitat y que mantiene intacta su estratigrafía, y el occidental, donde se concentran las actividades industriales, si bien en este caso los niveles más recientes ya se encontraban destruidos.
En 2017 la Universidad de Sevilla ha retomado las excavaciones en este singular yacimiento a través de un proyecto multianual. Entre sus objetivos está el estudio de las dos principales fases de transición presentes en su secuencia, que son al mismo tiempo las fases menos conocidas en la región, en lo que se refiere a contextos arqueológicos amplios y bien conservados. Se trata de la transición entre la I y la II Edad del Hierro (fines del siglo VI - V a.C.), que encontramos bajo la superficie del cerro occidental, y el final de la Edad del Hierro y los inicios de la presencia romana (fines del siglo III - fines del II a.C.), conservada en la elevación oriental. Por lo que respecta a esta última, la campaña de excavaciones realizada en 2018 permitió documentar niveles amplios y relativamente poco alterados a escasa profundidad, lo que brindaba la oportunidad de estudiar en extensión espacios de hábitat en un momento en el que la cultura turdetana se encontraba en pleno proceso de transformación de las estructuras socioeconómicas y de las formas de vida, aunque antes de los grandes cambios que se producirán durante siglo I a.C., cuando el yacimiento ya se encontraba abandonado. Al estudio de los espacios domésticos y productivos o de las técnicas constructivas, se une la posibilidad de analizar los contextos de consumo asociados a un nivel de ocupación que podemos fechar en el último tercio del siglo II a.C.
Aunque de momento sólo se ha excavado una pequeña parte de la superficie prevista (75 m2), el interés de estos contextos y el volumen de materiales ofrecidos nos invitan a presentar una valoración preliminar de los repertorios cerámicos, donde conviven las típicas manufacturas locales de tradición turdetana (ánforas, cerámica común y de cocina), con producciones del área gaditana (ánforas salazoneras y vajilla tipo “Kuass” principalmente) e importaciones de origen centromediterréneo, sobre todo ánforas vinarias y vajilla de barniz negro itálico. El peso cuantitativo de los distintos repertorios, su composición y su asociación en conjuntos funcionales es un reflejo de las pautas de consumo de las poblaciones de la baja Andalucía en este periodo, así como de la convivencia dinámica entre las tradiciones locales, evidentes en la elaboración y consumo de alimentos; la influencia púnico-gaditana, cada vez más intensa en el interior de la región; y el componente itálico, atestiguado en la introducción de productos envasados en ánforas (vino itálico) y de nuevas modas en el servicio de mesa, que se adoptarán con ciertos matices por las poblaciones turdetanas. Estos matices son los que permiten valorar el impacto real de la presencia romana en estos momentos iniciales de la conquista en las formas de vida de las comunidades locales y el carácter que imprimirán estas últimas en el proceso de romanización de la futura Bética.
Desde las excavaciones realizadas a mediados de los años setenta, con el fin de evitar la destrucción a la que estaba siendo sometido por su puesta en explotación como una cantera de áridos, el yacimiento no ha vuelto a ser objeto de intervenciones arqueológicas. Aun así, el interés de los resultados obtenidos lo convirtieron en un referente para el estudio de la protohistoria del Bajo Guadalquivir y especialmente para la seriación de sus repertorios materiales, sobre todo las ánforas. En la actualidad se conservan unas 2 ha del primitivo tell repartidas en dos cerros testigos, el más oriental, que correspondería a la zona de hábitat y que mantiene intacta su estratigrafía, y el occidental, donde se concentran las actividades industriales, si bien en este caso los niveles más recientes ya se encontraban destruidos.
En 2017 la Universidad de Sevilla ha retomado las excavaciones en este singular yacimiento a través de un proyecto multianual. Entre sus objetivos está el estudio de las dos principales fases de transición presentes en su secuencia, que son al mismo tiempo las fases menos conocidas en la región, en lo que se refiere a contextos arqueológicos amplios y bien conservados. Se trata de la transición entre la I y la II Edad del Hierro (fines del siglo VI - V a.C.), que encontramos bajo la superficie del cerro occidental, y el final de la Edad del Hierro y los inicios de la presencia romana (fines del siglo III - fines del II a.C.), conservada en la elevación oriental. Por lo que respecta a esta última, la campaña de excavaciones realizada en 2018 permitió documentar niveles amplios y relativamente poco alterados a escasa profundidad, lo que brindaba la oportunidad de estudiar en extensión espacios de hábitat en un momento en el que la cultura turdetana se encontraba en pleno proceso de transformación de las estructuras socioeconómicas y de las formas de vida, aunque antes de los grandes cambios que se producirán durante siglo I a.C., cuando el yacimiento ya se encontraba abandonado. Al estudio de los espacios domésticos y productivos o de las técnicas constructivas, se une la posibilidad de analizar los contextos de consumo asociados a un nivel de ocupación que podemos fechar en el último tercio del siglo II a.C.
Aunque de momento sólo se ha excavado una pequeña parte de la superficie prevista (75 m2), el interés de estos contextos y el volumen de materiales ofrecidos nos invitan a presentar una valoración preliminar de los repertorios cerámicos, donde conviven las típicas manufacturas locales de tradición turdetana (ánforas, cerámica común y de cocina), con producciones del área gaditana (ánforas salazoneras y vajilla tipo “Kuass” principalmente) e importaciones de origen centromediterréneo, sobre todo ánforas vinarias y vajilla de barniz negro itálico. El peso cuantitativo de los distintos repertorios, su composición y su asociación en conjuntos funcionales es un reflejo de las pautas de consumo de las poblaciones de la baja Andalucía en este periodo, así como de la convivencia dinámica entre las tradiciones locales, evidentes en la elaboración y consumo de alimentos; la influencia púnico-gaditana, cada vez más intensa en el interior de la región; y el componente itálico, atestiguado en la introducción de productos envasados en ánforas (vino itálico) y de nuevas modas en el servicio de mesa, que se adoptarán con ciertos matices por las poblaciones turdetanas. Estos matices son los que permiten valorar el impacto real de la presencia romana en estos momentos iniciales de la conquista en las formas de vida de las comunidades locales y el carácter que imprimirán estas últimas en el proceso de romanización de la futura Bética.
Research Interests:
https://revistascientificas.us.es/index.php/spal/article/view/15601/18259 In 2009-2010 several storms in the Gulf of Cadiz had a significant impact on the present-day Camposoto Beach (San Fernando, Cadiz), revealing new archaeological... more
https://revistascientificas.us.es/index.php/spal/article/view/15601/18259
In 2009-2010 several storms in the Gulf of Cadiz had a significant impact on the present-day Camposoto Beach (San Fernando, Cadiz), revealing new archaeological evidence that suggests the location in this area of a fish-processing facility and an amphorae pottery workshop dating to the Roman period, and also providing relevant information for the reconstruction of the ancient coastline. A variety of materials and remains of structures found both in Camposoto and Torregorda support the location in the area during the Roman Imperial period of some infrastructures linked to the fish salting industry of Gades. Storm events occurred in 2016-2018 have exposed much more numerous and explicit indicators of these artisanal facilities and also of the geomorphologic evolution of the shoreline in this sector. The typological analysis of the items and the anal- ysis of the landscape reveal that fish-processing facilities were located in the area since the Punic period, and that they reached a massive scale between the Late Republican era and the early Imperial period.
In 2009-2010 several storms in the Gulf of Cadiz had a significant impact on the present-day Camposoto Beach (San Fernando, Cadiz), revealing new archaeological evidence that suggests the location in this area of a fish-processing facility and an amphorae pottery workshop dating to the Roman period, and also providing relevant information for the reconstruction of the ancient coastline. A variety of materials and remains of structures found both in Camposoto and Torregorda support the location in the area during the Roman Imperial period of some infrastructures linked to the fish salting industry of Gades. Storm events occurred in 2016-2018 have exposed much more numerous and explicit indicators of these artisanal facilities and also of the geomorphologic evolution of the shoreline in this sector. The typological analysis of the items and the anal- ysis of the landscape reveal that fish-processing facilities were located in the area since the Punic period, and that they reached a massive scale between the Late Republican era and the early Imperial period.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Geomorphology, Geoarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, and 12 moreAncient economies (Archaeology), Remote sensing and GIS applications in Landscape Research, Roman mortars, Underwater Archaeology, Holocene sea level change, Amphorae (Archaeology), Roman fishing and fish processing, Gadir, Gades, Roman Amphorae, Phoenician and Punic Studies, and Roman Archaeology
Síntesis basada en los datos de las distintas contribuciones que componen el volumen, los cuales permiten avanzar una serie de conclusiones sobre la producción y comercio de ánforas de tradición fenicia en el cuadrante suroccidental de la... more
Síntesis basada en los datos de las distintas contribuciones que componen el volumen, los cuales permiten avanzar una serie de conclusiones sobre la producción y comercio de ánforas de tradición fenicia en el cuadrante suroccidental de la Península Ibérica, no solo desde una simple perspectiva de tipologías comparadas, con sus correspondientes seriaciones ordenadas cronológicamente y la definición de áreas de manufactura-distribución, sino sobre todo como un fenómeno de alcance regional y larga duración que se desarrolló de forma coetánea en buena parte de los territorios que recibieron el impacto de la colonización fenicia durante la I Edad del Hierro. En todas las áreas tratadas en la monografía se produjo, en diverso grado y a distinta velocidad, el desarrollo de sistemas productivos y redistributivos de mercancías propias que incluía la elaboración de envases cerámicos de transporte a partir de los procedimientos tecnológicos, los prototipos morfológicos y, probablemente también, los estándares volumétricos introducidos por los fenicios.
Research Interests:
Quizá debido a su abundancia en los registros de la bahía gaditana y a las aparentes similitudes observadas en sus pastas respecto de las ánforas púnicas locales, la presencia de ánforas turdetanas en la zona no ha despertado hasta el... more
Quizá debido a su abundancia en los registros de la bahía gaditana y a las aparentes similitudes observadas en sus pastas respecto de las ánforas púnicas locales, la presencia de ánforas turdetanas en la zona no ha despertado hasta el momento un interés específico relevante y sistemático destinado a verificar su verdadero rol en la economía de Gadir a lo largo de la llamada II Edad del Hierro, entre el final de la etapa arcaica y los inicios de la presencia romana. En este trabajo se pretende ofrecer una panorámica sobre esta cuestión basada en el registro arqueológico publicado hasta el momento y en el examen de algunos hallazgos inéditos significativos, dando lugar a una visión renovada sobre esta cuestión que en cierta forma aspira a llenar algunos de los vacíos de información e interpretación existentes en relación a estos grupos anfóricos importados.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), and 7 moreMaritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Phoenician and Punic Studies, and Turdetania
Las infraestructuras y procesos económicos ligados a la industria conservera del territorio de Gadir/Gades en la Antigüedad han sido profusamente estudiados tanto desde la perspectiva histórica como arqueológica desde hace décadas,... more
Las infraestructuras y procesos económicos ligados a la industria conservera del territorio de Gadir/Gades en la Antigüedad han sido profusamente estudiados tanto desde la perspectiva histórica como arqueológica desde hace décadas, atendiendo a múltiples parámetros y a las implicaciones de este sector como uno de los pilares fundamentales de desarrollo y proyección exterior de la ciudad en época púnica, republicana e imperial. La evolución de esta floreciente industria en diversas vertientes, desde su plasmación material en instalaciones, hasta los contenedores de almacenaje y transporte, ha sido también un argumento ampliamente abordado en los últimos tiempos, sobre la base de un creciente corpus de hallazgos arqueológicos, que ha permitido caracterizar la transformación de edificios, artes de pesca, tipos de capturas, centros de producción cerámica, tipología anfórica, etc. Sin duda, este estado de la cuestión ha situado a la bahía de Cádiz como referente historiográfico a escala regional y mediterránea para estas cuestiones. Frente a ello es, por tanto, sorprendente la escasa curiosidad suscitada entre los investigadores por el estudio sistemático de otros aspectos clave, a pesar de ser ingredientes imprescindibles del paisaje industrial del área. Es el caso de la tecnología empleada en la construcción de las infraestructuras implicadas, tales como superficies y piletas impermeabilizadas, revestimientos de mortero de cal, en buena medida los habitualmente conocidos en la bibliografía como de opus signinum. En este trabajo se propone una primera aproximación arqueológica –con el auxilio también de la zooarqueología y la arqueometría- a una selección de estos morteros con base de cal, tomada en puntos del entorno de la Bahía de Cádiz. Su peculiaridad estriba en la incorporación de conchas, además de cerámica, como principal agregado.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Zooarchaeology, Fish Remains (Zooarchaeology), Archaeometry, and 12 moreIron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Archaeology of Roman Hispania, Roman mortars, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Roman fishing and fish processing, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Lime mortars and plasters, Malacology (Archaeology), Roman Archaeology, and Opus signinum
This paper presents a synthesis of the results of the Proyecto Estrímnides, which includes the historiographical analysis of the Graeco-Latin and modern European literature on the Cassiterides and the study of the archaeological record of... more
This paper presents a synthesis of the results of the Proyecto Estrímnides, which includes the historiographical analysis of the Graeco-Latin and modern European literature on the Cassiterides and the study of the archaeological record of several Galician castros. With regard to the first of these subjects, the location of the archipelago has been the focus of research until the middle of the 20th century and is based on an artificial diatribe originated by W. Camden in the 16th century when he identified the Tin Islands with the Scilly Islands (United Kingdom). On the contrary, the study of ancient texts reveals beyond any doubt that they were located off the coast of Iberia, and that the first news could have been gathered in the Phoenician emporium of Onoba (Huelva), where there was a Greek Ionian community. Such news would have been summarized by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 500 BC) in his work Periegesis in the form of a “geography of the resources”. On the other hand, the study of the archaeological evidence from the Galician castros has allowed us to identify three phases in the distribution of products from the «Circle of the Strait», starting at the end of the 5th century B.C. and continuing until the Roman Imperial period. Moreover, this project has also examined the ways in which the intercommunity relations were articulated, and how the so-called “betyllic sanctuaries” played a major role for this purpose.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Greek Pottery, and 8 moreAncient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Cultura Castrexa, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, and Castros Culture in Nortwestern Iberia
The main goal of this article is to provide an overview of the Punic amphora assemblage found in excavation of the Punic Amphora Building (PAB) at Corinth. In doing so, the paper also considers the rest of items, the stratigraphy, the... more
The main goal of this article is to provide an overview of the Punic amphora assemblage found in excavation of the Punic Amphora Building (PAB) at Corinth. In doing so, the paper also considers the rest of items, the stratigraphy, the building itself and the historical facts that may be connected with the creation and abandonment of this famous Corinthian site. The rest of the amphorae, mostly Greek, will be studied in forthcoming papers. After a few essential data about the old excavations of the late 1970s and the latest research carried out since 2014, the western Punic and Carthaginian amphorae found in the two phases of the building will be examined. Finally, I will raise some preliminary conclusions and ideas concerning the function of the site, its historical context, and Corinth’s connection with the Punic West and Carthage in the Classical and late Classical periods.
Research Interests: Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Greek Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), and 13 morePhoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Corinth, Amphorae, Roman fishing and fish processing, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, Tarichos, Tuna Fisheries, and Malaka
This synthesis undertakes the diachronic analysis of palaeocontents of the amphorae produced in the south of the Iberian Peninsula in Antiquity. This includes Punic finds in the coastal areas and Turdetanian containers in the interior... more
This synthesis undertakes the diachronic analysis of palaeocontents of the amphorae produced in the south of the Iberian Peninsula in Antiquity. This includes Punic finds in the coastal areas and Turdetanian containers in the interior regions and the major fluvial valleys, the direct forerunners of the economic growth and agricultural boom experienced in the conventus Gaditanus and the Guadalquivir valley from the 1st century BC onwards. The study focuses on the areas where amphorae were produced and on the main products they contained (olive oil, salt preserves and wine), and specific examples are used to illustrate the status quaestionis for each amphora family or type, as the amount of available evidence is overwhelming and cannot all be presented here. Special attention is paid to complex and less well understood issues. Direct and indirect evidence for the content of amphorae in Hispania Ulterior/Baetica (and of its precedents) is abundant, owing to the combination of different sources, notably the chemical analysis of organic residues.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Food in antiquity, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Late Roman Archaeology, and 8 moreArchaeology of Roman Hispania, Residue Analysis (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Roman Amphorae, Ancient Fishing, Late Roman Amphorae, and Roman Archaeology
Although archaeoichthyological studies from the Aegean Sea are increasing, the discovery of zooarchaeological remains linked to processed fish from the Classical and Roman Antiquity remains scarce. The earliest faunal material hitherto... more
Although archaeoichthyological studies from the Aegean Sea are increasing, the discovery of zooarchaeological remains linked to processed fish from the Classical and Roman Antiquity remains scarce. The earliest faunal material hitherto found in Greece comes from the so-called Punic Amphora Building at Corinth (dating mid-5th c. BC). The abundant fishbone remains found together with Punic transport amphoras have been interpreted as the evidence of considerable trade of tarichos between the West and the Eastern Greek cities as early as the 5th century BC (Zimmermann- Munn 2003). More western Punic amphorae found at Olympia and Athens, as well as some quotes in the Greek literary sources of the 5th c. BC confirm the magnitude of those trading links.
The first publication of the archaeological assemblage at Corinth underlined the commercial role of the building, and the presence of the amphorae in the open backyard, but also in other contexts in the surroundings (Williams, 1978, 1979 and 1980; Williams & Fisher 1976). The amphorae and the ichthyological remains were mainly found connected as part of the consecutive pavement layers of the courtyard, mixed with other Greek imports (wine) and also some Carthaginian amphorae (T-1451/T-4226). Further archaeometric analysis on the western Punic vessels (Maniatis et al. 1984) proposed the existence of two different groups of fabrics for the western amphoras, suitable for wet and dry contents, suggesting at the same time diverse production areas coming from the Atlantic area of the Strait of Gibraltar region. At the same time, only brief accounts of the fishbone material have been included in the first publication of the archaeological assemblage. Fish remains, essentially consisting of packs of scales, scarce vertebrae and cranial bones, were primarily attributed to tuna as well as gilthead sea bream. Nevertheless, these contexts symbolize nowadays a major reference in the international commercialization of the fish by-products from the Strait of Gibraltar region in the Classical period.
A recent review of both the amphorae and the faunal material allows giving a detailed account of the fishbone material and arguing on the type, processing and use of these fish products. As well, the analysis of the amphorae from the building and other related places of the city supports the hypothesis of a commercial struggle between the western Punic cities and the Carthaginian salt-fish by-products. Thus, the increase of the data about amphorae typologies and fabrics, archaeoichthyological remains, and the excavation in the last decades of several fish-salting plants and pottery workshops in the western and Sicilian Punic cities has made possible to re- evaluate the initial hypothesis published for the finds of the Punic Amphora Building, exploring new paths for the analysis of both the ceramic vessels and their contents.
Keywords: Tuna fish, Tarichos, Commerce, Corinth, Gadir, Carthage, Punic amphorae
References
Maniatis, Y., Jones, R.E., Whitbread, I.K., Kostikas, A., Simopoulos, A., Karakalos, Ch., Williams II, C. K., (1984): Punic amphoras found in Corinth, Greece: an investigation of their origin and technology. Journal of Field Archaeology, 11, pp. 207–222. Williams II, C. K. (1978): Corinth 1977: Forum Southwest, Hesperia, 47, pp. 1-39. Williams II, C. K. (1979): Corinth 1978: Forum Southwest, Hesperia, 48, pp. 105-144. Williams II, C. K. (1980): Corinth Excavations. Hesperia, 49, pp. 107-134.
Williams II, C. K., & Fisher, J. E. (1976): Corinth 1975: Forum Southwest, Hesperia, 45, pp. 99-162. Zimmerman Munn, M.L., (2003): Corinthian trade with the Punic West in the Classical period, in C. K. Williams & N. Bookidis, (Eds.), Corinth. The Centenary 1896-1996. Results of Excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp. 195–217.
The first publication of the archaeological assemblage at Corinth underlined the commercial role of the building, and the presence of the amphorae in the open backyard, but also in other contexts in the surroundings (Williams, 1978, 1979 and 1980; Williams & Fisher 1976). The amphorae and the ichthyological remains were mainly found connected as part of the consecutive pavement layers of the courtyard, mixed with other Greek imports (wine) and also some Carthaginian amphorae (T-1451/T-4226). Further archaeometric analysis on the western Punic vessels (Maniatis et al. 1984) proposed the existence of two different groups of fabrics for the western amphoras, suitable for wet and dry contents, suggesting at the same time diverse production areas coming from the Atlantic area of the Strait of Gibraltar region. At the same time, only brief accounts of the fishbone material have been included in the first publication of the archaeological assemblage. Fish remains, essentially consisting of packs of scales, scarce vertebrae and cranial bones, were primarily attributed to tuna as well as gilthead sea bream. Nevertheless, these contexts symbolize nowadays a major reference in the international commercialization of the fish by-products from the Strait of Gibraltar region in the Classical period.
A recent review of both the amphorae and the faunal material allows giving a detailed account of the fishbone material and arguing on the type, processing and use of these fish products. As well, the analysis of the amphorae from the building and other related places of the city supports the hypothesis of a commercial struggle between the western Punic cities and the Carthaginian salt-fish by-products. Thus, the increase of the data about amphorae typologies and fabrics, archaeoichthyological remains, and the excavation in the last decades of several fish-salting plants and pottery workshops in the western and Sicilian Punic cities has made possible to re- evaluate the initial hypothesis published for the finds of the Punic Amphora Building, exploring new paths for the analysis of both the ceramic vessels and their contents.
Keywords: Tuna fish, Tarichos, Commerce, Corinth, Gadir, Carthage, Punic amphorae
References
Maniatis, Y., Jones, R.E., Whitbread, I.K., Kostikas, A., Simopoulos, A., Karakalos, Ch., Williams II, C. K., (1984): Punic amphoras found in Corinth, Greece: an investigation of their origin and technology. Journal of Field Archaeology, 11, pp. 207–222. Williams II, C. K. (1978): Corinth 1977: Forum Southwest, Hesperia, 47, pp. 1-39. Williams II, C. K. (1979): Corinth 1978: Forum Southwest, Hesperia, 48, pp. 105-144. Williams II, C. K. (1980): Corinth Excavations. Hesperia, 49, pp. 107-134.
Williams II, C. K., & Fisher, J. E. (1976): Corinth 1975: Forum Southwest, Hesperia, 45, pp. 99-162. Zimmerman Munn, M.L., (2003): Corinthian trade with the Punic West in the Classical period, in C. K. Williams & N. Bookidis, (Eds.), Corinth. The Centenary 1896-1996. Results of Excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp. 195–217.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Zooarchaeology, Fish Remains (Zooarchaeology), Greek Archaeology, and 10 moreMaritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Corinth, Gadir, Ancient Trade Routes, Phoenician and Punic Amphorae, and ancient history of the Strait of Gibraltar
Review of Tarradell's excavations conducted at Tamuda (northern Morocco) in 1948. The contexts unearthed were first linked to dumping areas peripheral to the city, next to the cliff looking north to the River Martil. However, an... more
Review of Tarradell's excavations conducted at Tamuda (northern Morocco) in 1948. The contexts unearthed were first linked to dumping areas peripheral to the city, next to the cliff looking north to the River Martil. However, an examination of the unpublished documents and drawings suggest a more complex explanation for the overlying deposits and show some types of ceramic imports that are rare in other areas of Tamuda.
Research Interests:
This contribution aims to provide an update on the information available on the trade of Greek products in Western Andalusia and, specifically, in the lower Guadalquivir val- ley. The review is based on the findings produced in the last... more
This contribution aims to provide an update on the information available on the trade of Greek products in Western Andalusia and, specifically, in the lower Guadalquivir val- ley. The review is based on the findings produced in the last 25 years both by the numerous urban salvage excavations carried out in the region as well as by some academic research projects. The new data from sites such as Coria del Río, Alcalá del Río and Cerro Macareno contribute to refine and expand the overview masterfully outlined by Paloma Cabrera in the 1990s. On the other hand, the paper provides a brief reflection on the trade networks, the stakeholders involved in this trade, the types of goods distributed, their function in the con- sumption contexts and the social and cultural processes that support their integration in the household repertoires of the Turdetanians
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Phoenicians, Greek Archaeology, and 9 moreIron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Greek Pottery, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Attic black-figured vases, Attic red-figure vases, and Turdetania
Gadir was the focal port of the Atlantic region and southwestern Iberia during the Iron Age II, an essential hub for the redistribution of greek pottery to the regional trade net- works of the western end of the Mediterranean world, but... more
Gadir was the focal port of the Atlantic region and southwestern Iberia during the Iron Age II, an essential hub for the redistribution of greek pottery to the regional trade net- works of the western end of the Mediterranean world, but little is known about the dynamics and patterns of consumption of these items in Cadiz Bay itself. On the basis of the study of an unpublished set of pottery, the aim is to discuss which types of products (mainly table- ware and amphorae) arrived during the 5th-3rd centuries BC and were consumed locally or channeled to other «markets». We also discuss the role of greek tableware as a «prestige good» in the local sphere and its use in artisanal contexts, not related to local elites or sumptuary ceremonies, as well as how these imports influenced local ceramic production and facilitated the «Hellenization» of the culinary habits of large sectors of the population.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Greek Archaeology, Ancient Greek History, Greek Pottery, and 10 moreAncient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Classics: Ancient History and Archaeology, Gadir, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Greek transport amphorae, Attic red-figure vases, Attic pottery, and Phoenician trade
Full text: https://publications.dainst.org/journals/mm/article/view/3656/7464 The excavations carried out during 2006 in the site of the Municipal Library of Mértola (Portugal) made it possible to examine for the first time unaltered... more
Full text: https://publications.dainst.org/journals/mm/article/view/3656/7464
The excavations carried out during 2006 in the site of the Municipal Library of Mértola (Portugal) made it possible to examine for the first time unaltered deposits dating to the end of the Iron Age and the early Roman Era. The latter are mostly rubbish dumps and large layers of debris associated with the city's primitive wall. A large number of remains were unearthed, mainly ceramics, which allow us to approach to the commercial dynamics and the lifestyle of its citizens. Among the amphorae, there is also a large unpublished set of Punic, Italic and even Greek stamps and tituli picti, including an unique example from Cadiz Bay. This stamp shows both figures and epigraphy, an unicum within the Western Punic amphora sealing habits and a masterpiece for understanding the regional development of this phenomenon.
The excavations carried out during 2006 in the site of the Municipal Library of Mértola (Portugal) made it possible to examine for the first time unaltered deposits dating to the end of the Iron Age and the early Roman Era. The latter are mostly rubbish dumps and large layers of debris associated with the city's primitive wall. A large number of remains were unearthed, mainly ceramics, which allow us to approach to the commercial dynamics and the lifestyle of its citizens. Among the amphorae, there is also a large unpublished set of Punic, Italic and even Greek stamps and tituli picti, including an unique example from Cadiz Bay. This stamp shows both figures and epigraphy, an unicum within the Western Punic amphora sealing habits and a masterpiece for understanding the regional development of this phenomenon.
Research Interests:
Wine was one of the most important cultural elements in Ancient Greece, due to the social, economic and religious repercussions it had on the many cultural aspects of daily life. Its aromatic properties, main sign of identity regarding... more
Wine was one of the most important cultural elements in Ancient Greece, due to the social, economic and religious repercussions it had on the many cultural aspects of daily life. Its aromatic properties, main sign of identity regarding each place of origin, made this alcoholic beverage one of the most prestigious foods in the Aegean. Some of the most famous wines were those from Chios, Lesbos, Samos, Chalcidice, Mende, Naxos or Thasos. Only a few individuals and families had means to drink them in the privacy of their homes, owing to their quality and prestige. However, these wines were not only consumed in the oikos, on occasions such as symposia, or in religious spaces, where banquets were held. These expensive wines were also consumed in the public banquets celebrated in certain commercial spaces. Nevertheless, the kapeleia (taverns) of the Classical period were probably the establishments where ancient Greeks would have experienced more frequently entertainment and drinking wine in the company of friends and/or family. Therefore, the storerooms of those buildings would have been loaded with different types of wines for their diverse clientele. The so-called Punic Amphora Building excavated at Corinth can be identified as one of the rare examples of kapeleia known to date for the 5th century BC. The assemblages unearthed, which include thousands of ceramic items, allow to examine the evolution of the consumption patterns at the site, together with the bioarchaeological data (fish scales and spines, mammal bones, etc.). Our project focuses on the study of these finds, including the analysis of the distribution of the items within the building, with the aim of establishing the function of each space of the kapeleion. Although the building is popular in the scientific literature because of the discovery of Punic imports from the West, related to salted tuna products, most of the amphorae found are actually Greek containers related to wine (from Chios, Samos, Mende, Lesbos, Magna Graecia and other areas). The paper offers a first approach to the typological evolution of the wine amphorae found at the site, as well as a quantitative assessment of the number of containers (and the volume of wine) consumed in this establishment. Also, the tableware related to wine consumption will be considered, both local and imported. This data will be compared with several ceramic assemblages from other spaces identified as taverns, such as those excavated at Athens and Krania, in order to examine key social aspects, such as the economic status of the customers and the possible existence of similar consumption patterns in this type of establishments throughout the different areas of the classical Greek world (even among cities with very different governing and political structures, and urban planning outlines)
Research Interests:
Since the 1970s, the presence of Punic amphorae of Western and Carthaginian provenance has been reported at various sites in the Aegean, with particular emphasis on containers from the Classical period unearthed at Corinth (Punic Amphora... more
Since the 1970s, the presence of Punic amphorae of Western and Carthaginian provenance has been reported at various sites in the Aegean, with particular emphasis on containers from the Classical period unearthed at Corinth (Punic Amphora Building) and Olympia. However, despite the importance of these initial findings, the identification and study of this type of archaeological indicator has been very limited since then, and it is generally assumed that economic contacts between the two cultural spheres during the 1st millennium BC were of minor importance. The research carried out in recent years, and in particular the re-examination of the data made available by the GREPURE project (http://grepure.us.es/), now allows us to add new evidence, fill in the information gaps, and significantly refine the historical-archaeological state of the art. Thus, for the Classical and Late Classical periods, Western Punic amphorae (from the Strait of Gibraltar area) related to the salted fish trade seem to dominate, although from at least the mid-5th century BC, amphorae from Tunisia, Malta, and especially Western Sicily have also been found at several sites. For the period between the 4th century and the incorporation of the Aegean into the Roman Republican world, the trend is abruptly reversed. In fact, in the Hellenistic period, vessels produced in Punic cities of the central Mediterranean, especially in western Sicily, are relatively abundant and their distribution seems to include many more destinations than in the previous phase. This paper aims to systematize this information and to provide an overview of the findings and their historical significance in relation to broader processes and events, both on a regional and Mediterranean scale, and by examining the role of Carthage and other maritime powers as possible intermediaries in the trade routes and circuits that allowed the arrival of these amphorae in the Aegean area between the 5th and 2nd centuries BC.
Research Interests:
Hellenistic influences in the city of Gadir at the transition from the 4th to the 3rd century BC have been debated for decades. The introduction of some new ceramic types suggests that changes occurred in the local setting during a period... more
Hellenistic influences in the city of Gadir at the transition from the 4th to the 3rd century BC have been debated for decades. The introduction of some new ceramic types suggests that changes occurred in the local setting during a period of social and economic instability in the central and western Mediterranean. Throughout the Bay of Cadiz, the archaeological record reveals mutations that correspond to new technological and stylistic trends, which are quite evident in the ceramic repertoires produced in the local pottery workshops. By examining these ceramics, both the innovative types and those that remained unaltered over time, it is possible to identify the backgrounds of other social-economic transformations that can be observed in the main settlement, including those linked to feasting and the regular consumption of foodstuff (and liquids). Changes in the local ceramic repertoire suggest that Gadir was connected to the main port cities of the Hellenistic Mediterranean, but also that most of them were inspired by the Carthaginian sphere and were the result of their growing interest and presence in southern Iberia since the late 4th century BC.
Research Interests:
The presentation primarily addresses the consumption and distribution patterns of Punic amphorae during the Classical and Hellenistic periods, although also briefly focus on their connection, in terms of sharing economic circuits, with... more
The presentation primarily addresses the consumption and distribution patterns of Punic amphorae during the Classical and Hellenistic periods, although also briefly focus on their connection, in terms of sharing economic circuits, with some of the so-called Western Greek amphorae (produced in southern Italy, Sicily and broadly speaking, in the "Ionian-Adriatic sphere"). Aims mainly on some case studies from the Classical and early Hellenistic periods, and in particular on the examples excavated at ancient Corinth.
The goal of the presentation is, therefore, to provide an overview on the matter, and also to add some new data and clarify some context information about particularly outstanding cases, such as the Punic Amphora Building unearthed at Corinth; as well, on that basis, to reflect on the dynamics - not only archaeological but also historical - and its consequences in numerous aspects, a view not only focusing on the Aegean but also from a western perspective; that is, to consider how the commercial contacts with the Aegean had an impact in the Phoenician port cities of the far western Mediterranean and the Atlantic. It will therefore be a two-way sketch, in which we will try to supplement and cross-check the data from both sides of the Mediterranean in order to offer a joint historical vision.
The goal of the presentation is, therefore, to provide an overview on the matter, and also to add some new data and clarify some context information about particularly outstanding cases, such as the Punic Amphora Building unearthed at Corinth; as well, on that basis, to reflect on the dynamics - not only archaeological but also historical - and its consequences in numerous aspects, a view not only focusing on the Aegean but also from a western perspective; that is, to consider how the commercial contacts with the Aegean had an impact in the Phoenician port cities of the far western Mediterranean and the Atlantic. It will therefore be a two-way sketch, in which we will try to supplement and cross-check the data from both sides of the Mediterranean in order to offer a joint historical vision.
Research Interests: Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Greek Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), and 9 moreAncient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Corinth, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Greek transport amphorae, Ancient Athens, Phoenician and Punic Amphorae, and Malaka/Málaga/Spain
Martiricos: a Phoenician settlement in the territory of the early Malaka (6th-5th centuries BC). The salvage excavations carried out by Taller de Investigaciones Arqueológicas in 2016 in a large plot in the Martiricos district, on the... more
Martiricos: a Phoenician settlement in the territory of the early Malaka (6th-5th centuries BC).
The salvage excavations carried out by Taller de Investigaciones Arqueológicas in 2016 in a large plot in the Martiricos district, on the northwestern sector of the present-day city of Málaga, made it possible to identify and unearth the remains of a Phoenician-Punic-era settlement located in the rural area of the ancient city of Malaka. The Phoenician structures were in a poor state of preservation, almost completely destroyed by the later occupations of the Roman Empire, medieval and modern times, and by the proximity of the Guadalmedina River itself, a course with which it probably had a close relationship during its lifespan. The associated artifacts, and in particular the ceramics, are abundant and explicit about the chronology of the settlement. Thus, the abundant remains of amphorae (local and imported), Phoenician and Greek tableware, and cooking items (for basic processing and for the fire) allow us to frame the life of the enclave between the first moments after the foundation of Malaka itself and the beginning of the 5th century BC. Among these materials there is a significant set of Greek imports (both amphorae and cups and other tableware). On these ceramics, stamps have been found (on the local amphorae), as well as several incised graffiti, written both in Greek and Phoenician. The contexts find clear parallels in the oldest phases excavated in the old town of Malaga, as well as in the most recent stage of the nearby Cerro del Villar. Likewise, the bioarchaeological remains also provide very interesting clues about the consumption and craft activities related to this area of the territory of the Phoenician city, close to a main waterway and therefore well connected to the coast and the port activity. An overview of the structures and material contexts of the site is presented, as well as a first interpretation of it in the general context offered by the available data on the dynamics of the rural settlement developed around the Phoenician and Punic Malaka.
The salvage excavations carried out by Taller de Investigaciones Arqueológicas in 2016 in a large plot in the Martiricos district, on the northwestern sector of the present-day city of Málaga, made it possible to identify and unearth the remains of a Phoenician-Punic-era settlement located in the rural area of the ancient city of Malaka. The Phoenician structures were in a poor state of preservation, almost completely destroyed by the later occupations of the Roman Empire, medieval and modern times, and by the proximity of the Guadalmedina River itself, a course with which it probably had a close relationship during its lifespan. The associated artifacts, and in particular the ceramics, are abundant and explicit about the chronology of the settlement. Thus, the abundant remains of amphorae (local and imported), Phoenician and Greek tableware, and cooking items (for basic processing and for the fire) allow us to frame the life of the enclave between the first moments after the foundation of Malaka itself and the beginning of the 5th century BC. Among these materials there is a significant set of Greek imports (both amphorae and cups and other tableware). On these ceramics, stamps have been found (on the local amphorae), as well as several incised graffiti, written both in Greek and Phoenician. The contexts find clear parallels in the oldest phases excavated in the old town of Malaga, as well as in the most recent stage of the nearby Cerro del Villar. Likewise, the bioarchaeological remains also provide very interesting clues about the consumption and craft activities related to this area of the territory of the Phoenician city, close to a main waterway and therefore well connected to the coast and the port activity. An overview of the structures and material contexts of the site is presented, as well as a first interpretation of it in the general context offered by the available data on the dynamics of the rural settlement developed around the Phoenician and Punic Malaka.
Research Interests: Zooarchaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Landscape Archaeology, Archaeometry, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 9 morePhoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Bone Technology (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archeologia Fenicio-Punica, and Malaka/Málaga/Spain
Decades of research have revealed that the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula was one of the most important ceramic production areas since Protohistoric times, as a result of the exponential growth of trade and consumption of wine, salted... more
Decades of research have revealed that the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula was one of the most important ceramic production areas since Protohistoric times, as a result of the exponential growth of trade and consumption of wine, salted fish and other foodstuffs. The study of the pottery workshops produced a large set of information on the production and commercialization processes of the transport amphorae; however, this theoretical knowledge has reached a critical point in which the need for a new approach based on experimentation has become evident. The Ergasteria Project (https://ergasteriaproject.com/), among its main research topics, includes the construction of a ceramic kiln based on the well-known case studies from the Bay of Cadiz for the 6th-5th centuries BC as a resource to achieve a better understanding of aspects related to the technological processes of the manufacture of the amphorae. The implementation of this project has shed light on technical aspects that cannot be approached from an archaeological perspective and that are not recorded in the literary sources, providing quantitative information on timing, production capacity, investment in manpower and raw materials, etc. Also, the supervised experimental firing has allowed learning about the operational sequence ranging from the preparation of the raw materials to the process of setting the kiln in use and subsequent outputs. The first results of the Ergasteria Project are discussed, contributing a new source of information on the economy of the communities of the southwest Iberian Peninsula during the 1st millennium BC.
Research Interests: Experimental Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Ancient economies (Archaeology), Archaeometry, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 10 moreAncient Technology (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Earthen Architecture, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Pottery kilns, Mudbrick architecture, and Punic Amphorae Stamps
The geostrategic location of the Aegean Sea provided its islands and surrounding coasts with a central role in the trade relations that connected the central Mediterranean with its eastern shores and the Levant, and vice versa. In this... more
The geostrategic location of the Aegean Sea provided its islands and surrounding coasts with a central role in the trade relations that connected the central Mediterranean with its eastern shores and the Levant, and vice versa. In this regard, it is puzzling that very few import materials coming from the East have been identified for the 1st millennium BC in the Aegean, and therefore only a few markers of relations between this area and the Phoenician-Punic communities (whose commercial expansion has been widely confirmed in the rest of the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean). However, recent studies have identified significant material assemblages linked to western Phoenician-Punic or Levantine productions, such as those recorded in the Punic Amphora Building at Corinth or in a shipwreck located off the island of Levitha (southeastern Aegean), which raise the need to rethink the importance of this phenomenon on the Aegean coasts. The first results of the GREPURE Project: Punic Greece Rediscovered (FBBVA Logos 2019) are discussed. The aim of this project is first to identify the Phoenician-Punic contact or presence on the basis of material evidence from old or recent excavations, and to gather and systematize this information through a digitized database (web-based) that can become a reference for future research work in this geographic area. From this body of information, we intend to produce a renewed vision of the historical relations established between the Phoenician-Punic communities and the Aegean area. [http://grepure.us.es/]
Research Interests: Ancient History, Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Material Culture Studies, and 9 moreCultural Identity, Greek Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Epigraphy, Phoenician and Punic Studies, and Phoenician trade
The coastal area of Sancti Petri, located at the southern end of the Gadeira, is one of the key sites on which underwater research in the bay of Cádiz has been based since its beginnings. The remains recorded in the course of the... more
The coastal area of Sancti Petri, located at the southern end of the Gadeira, is one of the key sites on which underwater research in the bay of Cádiz has been based since its beginnings. The remains recorded in the course of the excavations carried out on the islet of Sancti Petri (1985) and during the restoration of the castle (2009), as well as the numerous findings from the underwater surroundings, indicate that this place was first occupied at least since the 7th century BC, although with greater intensity from the 5th century BC. In this paper we present a review of the Phoenician-Punic materials from the islet of Sancti Petri and its surroundings, stored in several museums across the Bay of Cádiz. It is a heterogeneous group consisting of donations, isolated finds and regular scientific fieldwork, which, until now, has only been partially published and is scattered in the academic literature. Based on the analysis of these materials, a comprehensive review of the historiography of the sanctuary and the palaeotopography of the sector is discussed, as well as other aspects (the provenance, context and chronology of the items and their connection with structures, the possible existence of shipwrecks or port facilities in the area, etc.). The items examined provide explicit data on maritime trade in the region during one of the most prosperous and relevant stages of the bay in economic and commercial terms, allowing us to reflect on the connection of Sancti Petri with nearby cult and artisanal areas.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Coastal Geomorphology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, and 12 moreMaritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Hercules, Gadir, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Sanctuaries, Phoenician Punic Religion, Melqart, and Punic Fishing and Fish Processing
La actual zona costera de Camposoto - Sancti Petri, en el extremo sur de las islas llamadas por los griegos Tà Gadeira en la Antigüedad, ha sido uno de los epicentros de la investigación subacuática de la bahía gaditana desde sus inicios.... more
La actual zona costera de Camposoto - Sancti Petri, en el extremo sur de las islas llamadas por los griegos Tà Gadeira en la Antigüedad, ha sido uno de los epicentros de la investigación subacuática de la bahía gaditana desde sus inicios. Principalmente esto se ha debido a la identificación de dicho espacio marítimo-terrestre con el emplazamiento del afamado santuario fenicio de Melqart/Herakles, y del área sacra dedicada posteriormente a Hercules Gaditanus, uno de los lugares de culto más renombrados del mundo antiguo mediterráneo. Los relatos y descripciones de los autores clásicos que se han conservado lo sitúan en algún punto de lo que entonces era el extremo sur de la isla mayor, Kotinoussa, distando 12 millas de la ciudad insular (Gadir/Gades), emplazada en el extremo opuesto. No obstante, su localización concreta sigue siendo objeto de debate. Si bien desde el siglo XVI el binomio ‘islote de Sancti Petri-Templo de Melqart’ fue asumido por la mayoría de los investigadores como propuesta más viable, posteriormente se ha ampliado el área de búsqueda a todo el sector entorno a la actual Punta del Boquerón. Presentamos en este trabajo una revisión crítica de esta discusión, centrada en la autopsia de la historiografía relativa a las actividades y hallazgos arqueológicos documentados en Sancti Petri y sus inmediaciones en las últimas décadas, tanto en tierra como bajo el agua, así como de las investigaciones relativas a la evolución geomorfológica de este sector a lo largo de los últimos milenios. A partir de este dataset y de su cotejo con la información escrita disponible (fuentes grecolatinas, árabes y modernas) se plantean nuevas hipótesis y valoraciones sobre la distribución de los hallazgos arqueológicos, la evolución del paisaje y de las estrategias de asentamiento en el ámbito insular meridional en el I milenio a.C.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Landscape Archaeology, Coastal Geomorphology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), and 9 moreMaritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Earthen Architecture, Gadir, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archeologia Fenicio-Punica, Mudbrick architecture, Phoenician Punic Religion, and Salted fish industries
Síntesis de los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas sobre las producciones cerámicas de las principales ciudades fenicias del mediodía de la Península Ibérica. En particular, se pone... more
Síntesis de los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas sobre las producciones cerámicas de las principales ciudades fenicias del mediodía de la Península Ibérica. En particular, se pone énfasis en el desarrollo metodológico interdisciplinar y en la aplicación en los últimos años de nuevas técnicas al análisis tanto de los talleres como de los productos, así como para el estudio de las áreas y patrones de consumo y distribución. Se trata, en suma, de mostrar cómo las cerámicas y su estudio son un elemento instrumental indispensable para descifrar el pasado de estas urbes, en las que otras fuentes históricas están absolutamente (o casi) totalmente ausentes del debate debido a que no se han conservado.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Material Culture Studies, Typology, and 9 moreArchaeometry, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Residue Analysis (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Pottery technology and function, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Pottery kilns, and Ancient Maritime Trade Routes
Las ánforas agrupadas por Joan Ramon Torres en el grupo T-9110 (tradicionalmente conocidas como “tipo Campamentos Numantinos” por su temprana identificación en dichos contextos) comprenden en realidad diversas variantes tipológicas y... more
Las ánforas agrupadas por Joan Ramon Torres en el grupo T-9110 (tradicionalmente conocidas como “tipo Campamentos Numantinos” por su temprana identificación en dichos contextos) comprenden en realidad diversas variantes tipológicas y métricas que hasta el momento han sido incluidas en una suerte de cajón de sastre común debido a la ausencia de estudios específicos. Se trata de una forma de ánfora dotada en todas esas variantes de cuerpos acilindrados, bocas anchas y bases planas o rehundidas que permitían su utilización sin necesidad de carretes o soportes que ayuden a mantener verticales los envases. Su definición a partir de los hallazgos del cerco numantino y de pecios como el de Illa Pedrosa han contribuido a fijar en la historiografía una visión de estos envases relacionada con la romanización inicial del sur peninsular, y sobre todo de los repertorios anfóricos de Gadir/Gades, y también con el transporte de salazones de pescado.
En las dos últimas décadas los trabajos realizados en los centros de producción del sur de Iberia y la aparición de conjuntos de envases completos procedentes de yacimientos subacuáticos han aportado datos novedosos que no sólo permiten, sino que casi obligan, a revisar las propuestas en vigor sobre el origen, evolución, características técnicas, función y proyección de esta serie anfórica. A partir de un numeroso grupo de piezas estudiadas en el Museo de Cádiz (mayoritariamente procedentes del área de La Caleta) pretendemos revisar estos aspectos con especial atención sobre el caso gaditano, proponiendo una nueva sistematización tipológica basada en una mayor diversidad de variantes morfométricas. Asimismo, serán objeto de atención el origen remoto de este concepto de ánfora cilíndrica de base plana (que no parece vinculado a las T-8211 y sí a otras series de “cerámicas comunes” más antiguas), el rico conjunto de estampillas relacionadas con estos tipos, y los procesos de producción de estos envases desde una perspectiva paleotecnológica. Además de analizar este conjunto y sus repercusiones para el caso gaditano, revisaremos también la problemática de la imitación de esta serie (o de algunos de sus formatos más exitosos) en otros focos productores de la región (costa malacitana) o del Mediterráneo (Ibiza), en el marco de la revisión de las rutas y pautas de comercialización marítimo-fluvial de estas ánforas. Se trata de un formato de anforilla que alcanzó un notable éxito sobre todo entre los siglos III-II a.C., con una amplia difusión tanto en el ámbito del Estrecho y atlántico como hacia el Mediterráneo central, por lo que la actualización de su estudio es un índice de referencia significativo de la evolución de las economías en la transición entre Cartago y Roma para el occidente del Mare Nostrum y allende las columnas.
Este trabajo y sus resultados han sido desarrollados en el marco del proyecto “Estudio de materiales fenicio-púnicos procedentes de La Caleta, depositados en el Museo de Cádiz”, dirigido por A. Higueras-Milena; y del proyecto I+D+i FEDER Andalucía 2014- 2020 “Ergasteria. Arqueología experimental y virtual para el estudio de los procesos de producción anfórica y comercialización en la Protohistoria” (Referencia: US-1266376), codirigido por A. Sáez Romero y E. Ferrer Albelda. Web: https://ergasteriaproject.com/
En las dos últimas décadas los trabajos realizados en los centros de producción del sur de Iberia y la aparición de conjuntos de envases completos procedentes de yacimientos subacuáticos han aportado datos novedosos que no sólo permiten, sino que casi obligan, a revisar las propuestas en vigor sobre el origen, evolución, características técnicas, función y proyección de esta serie anfórica. A partir de un numeroso grupo de piezas estudiadas en el Museo de Cádiz (mayoritariamente procedentes del área de La Caleta) pretendemos revisar estos aspectos con especial atención sobre el caso gaditano, proponiendo una nueva sistematización tipológica basada en una mayor diversidad de variantes morfométricas. Asimismo, serán objeto de atención el origen remoto de este concepto de ánfora cilíndrica de base plana (que no parece vinculado a las T-8211 y sí a otras series de “cerámicas comunes” más antiguas), el rico conjunto de estampillas relacionadas con estos tipos, y los procesos de producción de estos envases desde una perspectiva paleotecnológica. Además de analizar este conjunto y sus repercusiones para el caso gaditano, revisaremos también la problemática de la imitación de esta serie (o de algunos de sus formatos más exitosos) en otros focos productores de la región (costa malacitana) o del Mediterráneo (Ibiza), en el marco de la revisión de las rutas y pautas de comercialización marítimo-fluvial de estas ánforas. Se trata de un formato de anforilla que alcanzó un notable éxito sobre todo entre los siglos III-II a.C., con una amplia difusión tanto en el ámbito del Estrecho y atlántico como hacia el Mediterráneo central, por lo que la actualización de su estudio es un índice de referencia significativo de la evolución de las economías en la transición entre Cartago y Roma para el occidente del Mare Nostrum y allende las columnas.
Este trabajo y sus resultados han sido desarrollados en el marco del proyecto “Estudio de materiales fenicio-púnicos procedentes de La Caleta, depositados en el Museo de Cádiz”, dirigido por A. Higueras-Milena; y del proyecto I+D+i FEDER Andalucía 2014- 2020 “Ergasteria. Arqueología experimental y virtual para el estudio de los procesos de producción anfórica y comercialización en la Protohistoria” (Referencia: US-1266376), codirigido por A. Sáez Romero y E. Ferrer Albelda. Web: https://ergasteriaproject.com/
Research Interests:
El proyecto “Ergasteria. Arqueología experimental y virtual para el estudio de los procesos de producción anfórica y comercialización en la Protohistoria” representa la cristalización de una larga trayectoria previa de investigaciones... more
El proyecto “Ergasteria. Arqueología experimental y virtual para el estudio de los procesos de producción anfórica y comercialización en la Protohistoria” representa la cristalización de una larga trayectoria previa de investigaciones sobre los talleres alfareros y las tipologías de envases de transporte del suroeste peninsular desarrollada por el equipo tanto en el ámbito costero (Bahía de Cádiz) como en el interior del curso bajo del Guadalquivir. Tras casi dos décadas de investigaciones de campo, excavaciones, análisis tipológicos, sistematizaciones y caracterización arqueométrica de las producciones de estas regiones, planteamos esta iniciativa con el objetivo de añadir a estos resultados una aproximación etnoarqueológica y experimental. Para ello seleccionamos casos de estudio relevantes en cada una de las dos áreas mencionadas que aportasen documentación significativa y fiable sobre la arquitectura de los hornos, los procesos de torneado, el instrumental artesanal, las pastas y sus “recetas”, etc. En la bahía de Cádiz la atención se ha centrado sobre todo en Camposoto, Torre Alta y Villa Maruja – Janer, mientras que para el Bajo Guadalquivir la referencia principal son las áreas de producción documentadas en Cerro Macareno (en colaboración con el PGI Cerro Macareno [La Rinconada, Sevilla]: Arqueología y Patrimonio en la vega del Guadalquivir, dirigido por F.J. García Fernández). Teniendo como centros de operaciones principales el propio yacimiento sevillano y el Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, el objetivo principal del proyecto ha sido el de dimensionar los recursos (humanos, materiales, temporales) necesarios para la construcción, alimentación, uso y reparación de los hornos alfareros de tradición fenicia de los siglos V-III a.C. propios del sector suroeste peninsular. Para ello se han diseñado tanto experimentos físicos, con la construcción y testado de un horno a escala 1:1,
Este proyecto ha sido aprobado y financiado por la Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento) en el marco de los Proyectos I+D+i FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 (Referencia: US-1266376), y es codirigido por A. Sáez Romero y E. Ferrer Albelda. Website: https://ergasteriaproject.com/
Este proyecto ha sido aprobado y financiado por la Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento) en el marco de los Proyectos I+D+i FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 (Referencia: US-1266376), y es codirigido por A. Sáez Romero y E. Ferrer Albelda. Website: https://ergasteriaproject.com/
Research Interests:
Full presentation (video) available at: https://www.facebook.com/MVOEM/videos/256529119802537/ Introduction to new investigations on the southern area of the Bay of Cadiz, with specific emphasis on the case of the area of Sancti Petri... more
Full presentation (video) available at: https://www.facebook.com/MVOEM/videos/256529119802537/
Introduction to new investigations on the southern area of the Bay of Cadiz, with specific emphasis on the case of the area of Sancti Petri and the study of the famous sanctuary of Melqart / Hercules of Gadir / Gades.
Introduction to new investigations on the southern area of the Bay of Cadiz, with specific emphasis on the case of the area of Sancti Petri and the study of the famous sanctuary of Melqart / Hercules of Gadir / Gades.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 12 moreArchaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Hercules, Herakles, Gadir, Gades, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archaeology of cult, Phoenician Punic Religion, Roman Archaeology, and Melqart
Since its identification several decades ago, the so-called "Canal de Ponce" or "Canal Bahía-Caleta" has been the focus of the debate on the morphology, chronology and location of the port or ports that served both Phoenician-Punic Gadir... more
Since its identification several decades ago, the so-called "Canal de Ponce" or "Canal Bahía-Caleta" has been the focus of the debate on the morphology, chronology and location of the port or ports that served both Phoenician-Punic Gadir and Roman Gades. Its layout, its silting up process, the possible presence of breakwaters and lighthouses at its ends, jetties and mooring seawalls, and its depth, have generated much controversy, and the most recent discoveries have brought the issue of the palaeocanal (or palaeocanals) that separated the islands of Erytheia and Kotinoussa in Antiquity back to the core of the discussion.
However, although there is no doubt of the importance of this marine channel in relation to the study of the anchoring, hulling and port management activities carried out by the city of Gadir/Gades, the academic and media impact it has had has overshadowed other no less important issues and, above all, has incomprehensibly reduced the debate to a very localised and small area of the geography of the bay. The location of a "port" in this channel does not match with a settlement pattern which in both Phoenician-Punic and Roman times expanded throughout most of the insular area and which had in the mouths of the rivers that flow into the bay (Iro and Guadalete) important hubs that economically connected the coast and the interior of Cádiz. As suggested by C. Pemán as early as the fifties of the 20th century, the marshy bay of the ancient times must have been full of secondary wharves and anchorage areas which were hardly anthropised and which served the pottery workshops, villae and other settlements through a network of small palaeocanals which were embedded amongst the salt flats (there are several examples of modification of these silty wetlands through the construction of pathways and dykes with amphorae). The headwaters of the rivers must have played an important role as port centres, even in periods when they lacked large-scale infrastructures, as they were key gateways to the river navigation of the two waterways that penetrated towards the countryside (the role of the Portus Gaditanus in the late Republican and Imperial periods is particularly noteworthy). The same can be suspected of the ends of the Sancti Petri salty stream, whose layout was still a key port, anchoring and loading area for the bay in the Modern Era. The large sandy shores of the insular sector, used by the nearby fish processing sites to set tuna traps and carry out their trading activities, must also have been used for the transfer and maintenance of ships, especially small fishing boats. Also to the north of the islands, the existence of areas sheltered by islets and shallows that do not exist today highlights the fact that the channel was only one more ingredient in a very complex and heterogeneous maritime scenario, often distorted by the absence of direct data and in other cases by the geomorphological evolution of many of these places.
This paper proposes an overview of the port and anchoring activities carried out in the Bay of Cadiz in ancient times, with particular emphasis on the recent findings recorded in the shallows located to the northwest of Cadiz and on unpublished data corresponding to the sites of Camposoto and Sancti Petri, stressing the complementary role played by these locations with respect to other sea-land contact areas in the northern half of the palaeoarchipelago where Gadir/Gades was settled.
However, although there is no doubt of the importance of this marine channel in relation to the study of the anchoring, hulling and port management activities carried out by the city of Gadir/Gades, the academic and media impact it has had has overshadowed other no less important issues and, above all, has incomprehensibly reduced the debate to a very localised and small area of the geography of the bay. The location of a "port" in this channel does not match with a settlement pattern which in both Phoenician-Punic and Roman times expanded throughout most of the insular area and which had in the mouths of the rivers that flow into the bay (Iro and Guadalete) important hubs that economically connected the coast and the interior of Cádiz. As suggested by C. Pemán as early as the fifties of the 20th century, the marshy bay of the ancient times must have been full of secondary wharves and anchorage areas which were hardly anthropised and which served the pottery workshops, villae and other settlements through a network of small palaeocanals which were embedded amongst the salt flats (there are several examples of modification of these silty wetlands through the construction of pathways and dykes with amphorae). The headwaters of the rivers must have played an important role as port centres, even in periods when they lacked large-scale infrastructures, as they were key gateways to the river navigation of the two waterways that penetrated towards the countryside (the role of the Portus Gaditanus in the late Republican and Imperial periods is particularly noteworthy). The same can be suspected of the ends of the Sancti Petri salty stream, whose layout was still a key port, anchoring and loading area for the bay in the Modern Era. The large sandy shores of the insular sector, used by the nearby fish processing sites to set tuna traps and carry out their trading activities, must also have been used for the transfer and maintenance of ships, especially small fishing boats. Also to the north of the islands, the existence of areas sheltered by islets and shallows that do not exist today highlights the fact that the channel was only one more ingredient in a very complex and heterogeneous maritime scenario, often distorted by the absence of direct data and in other cases by the geomorphological evolution of many of these places.
This paper proposes an overview of the port and anchoring activities carried out in the Bay of Cadiz in ancient times, with particular emphasis on the recent findings recorded in the shallows located to the northwest of Cadiz and on unpublished data corresponding to the sites of Camposoto and Sancti Petri, stressing the complementary role played by these locations with respect to other sea-land contact areas in the northern half of the palaeoarchipelago where Gadir/Gades was settled.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Geomorphology, Geoarchaeology, Coastal Erosion, Underwater Archaeology, and 12 moreAncient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Ancient Shipwrecks, Submerged landscapes and settlements, Roman ports, Gadir, Gades, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archeologia Fenicio-Punica, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, Roman Archaeology, and Gadir / Gades
Tras casi medio siglo de investigaciones arqueológicas de carácter científico tanto en la vertiente subacuática como en la terrestre del sector noroeste de la isla gaditana (es decir, aquel que enmarca la zona de La Caleta y comprende los... more
Tras casi medio siglo de investigaciones arqueológicas de carácter científico tanto en la vertiente subacuática como en la terrestre del sector noroeste de la isla gaditana (es decir, aquel que enmarca la zona de La Caleta y comprende los bajos adyacentes), el volumen de datos generado es realmente importante y permiten plantear una aproximación a la fisonomía, evolución y dinámica de uso de estos espacios en la Antigüedad. Sin embargo, no todas estas informaciones han sido publicadas o estudiadas en profundidad, y buena parte de ellas están dispersas en la bibliografía académica, informes administrativos, noticias orales o de prensa y otras fuentes. Esto ha provocado una asimetría en la calidad y cantidad de datos disponibles y, en ocasiones, que se plasme en diversas investigaciones una imagen distorsionada de la realidad arqueológica del área marítima de La Caleta y su entorno, a caballo entre las antiguas islas de Erytheia y Kotinoussa. Esta contribución pretende ofrecer una panorámica actualizada sobre los datos disponibles, situando los hallazgos relativos a esta etapa histórica en su contexto, ordenando la información y aportando un discurso único conjuntado los descubrimientos registrados bajo el agua y en el ámbito terrestre insular. El objetivo es por tanto dar lugar a una herramienta que permita a otros investigadores aproximarse a la compleja maraña de indicadores arqueológicos de la zona, y al mismo tiempo plantear una renovada visión sobre la dinámica de cambio en la configuración y uso de estos espacios a lo largo de las etapas fenicia, púnica y romana republicana, y cómo las actividades portuarias, cultuales, funerarias y artesanales tuvieron un peso y una geografía distintos en cada uno de dichos periodos.
Research Interests:
The architectural features of the ceramic workshops of Antiquity are, probably due to their lack of monumentality, one of the least known both from a typological perspective and from the point of view of the analysis of the investment... more
The architectural features of the ceramic workshops of Antiquity are, probably due to their lack of monumentality, one of the least known both from a typological perspective and from the point of view of the analysis of the investment efforts (in material and human resources) necessary for the construction of kilns, workshops, basins and other facilities. This deficit is particularly noticeable in the case of the pre-Roman pottery workshops of southern Iberia, less numerous and poorly archaeologically explored, with exceptions such as the Bay of Cadiz. Taking Gadir and its insular territory as a case study, where a significant number of sites offer well-preserved indicators of kilns and other buildings for artisanal use, the aim of this contribution is to examine the construction techniques of the ceramic kilns of these workshops, their evolution over time and, above all, the different types, sizes and construction materials used and their correlation with different levels of investment and efforts for the implementation of these infrastructures. Thus, based on the study of various examined structures excavated in Camposoto, Torre Alta and other sites, as well as taking into consideration the results of recent experimental activities, we intend to quantify these processes of construction and repair of the kilns, and together with other information on the operational sequence of the workshops, to propose new hypotheses on the impact of each typology on the local economy and the relationship of the evolution of building techniques with changes in the production of foodstuffs packed in amphorae.
Research Interests: Experimental Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Building Materials (Archaeology), Roman Pottery Kilns, and 10 moreIron Age (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Earthen Architecture, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Pottery kilns, Mudbrick architecture, Ancient building techniques, and Adobe and Earthen Building Materials
https://ergasteriaproject.com/presentacion-de-dos-nuevas-ponencias-en-padova/ The manufacture of salted fish in the Cádiz Bay reached a great popularity during the Phoenician and Punic era and continued in Roman times. The distribution... more
https://ergasteriaproject.com/presentacion-de-dos-nuevas-ponencias-en-padova/
The manufacture of salted fish in the Cádiz Bay reached a great popularity during the Phoenician and Punic era and continued in Roman times. The distribution and trade of these products throughout the Mediterranean were linked to the growth of a powerful supplementary pottery industry. The massive quantities of amphorae suitable for maritime trade required annually for the fishy business led to the creation of dozens of ceramic kilns that supplied the Bay of Cadiz region, producing fineware, cooking wares and terracottas in addition to amphorae.
These pottery workshops have been documented in sites such as Pery Junquera, Gallineras, Villa Maruja, Calle Real, Camposoto or Torre Alta, and the earliest productions can be dated in the 6th century BC. Most of them remained active until the establishment of Roman-style ateliers during the 2nd century BC. In Torre Alta and Camposoto some well-preserved examples of Phoenician and Punic kilns were unearthed and studied (and are still in situ or included in the local museum exhibition). The research conducted on those kilns has made possible to identify the raw materials used, the evolution of the construction techniques and the adoption of new features taken from the Carthaginian and Roman artisanal traditions.
Using archaeological digital tools such as photogrammetric documentation and 3D modeling we have carried out a historical, typological and architectural analysis of the kilns, studying their origin, features and evolution, and also focusing on simulating of their production timing and capacities. Results of this ongoing research and of new forthcoming projects will be presented in this paper.
The manufacture of salted fish in the Cádiz Bay reached a great popularity during the Phoenician and Punic era and continued in Roman times. The distribution and trade of these products throughout the Mediterranean were linked to the growth of a powerful supplementary pottery industry. The massive quantities of amphorae suitable for maritime trade required annually for the fishy business led to the creation of dozens of ceramic kilns that supplied the Bay of Cadiz region, producing fineware, cooking wares and terracottas in addition to amphorae.
These pottery workshops have been documented in sites such as Pery Junquera, Gallineras, Villa Maruja, Calle Real, Camposoto or Torre Alta, and the earliest productions can be dated in the 6th century BC. Most of them remained active until the establishment of Roman-style ateliers during the 2nd century BC. In Torre Alta and Camposoto some well-preserved examples of Phoenician and Punic kilns were unearthed and studied (and are still in situ or included in the local museum exhibition). The research conducted on those kilns has made possible to identify the raw materials used, the evolution of the construction techniques and the adoption of new features taken from the Carthaginian and Roman artisanal traditions.
Using archaeological digital tools such as photogrammetric documentation and 3D modeling we have carried out a historical, typological and architectural analysis of the kilns, studying their origin, features and evolution, and also focusing on simulating of their production timing and capacities. Results of this ongoing research and of new forthcoming projects will be presented in this paper.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Material Culture Studies, Landscape Archaeology, and 10 moreCarthage (Archaeology), Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Pottery kilns, Mudbrick architecture, Adobe, and Ancient Architecture and Construction History
Strabo and other classical authors of the Roman period, when referring to the Cadiz islands and the millenary history of the city of Gades, place some cult areas in the northern part of the archipelago and at its western end. The toponymy... more
Strabo and other classical authors of the Roman period, when referring to the Cadiz islands and the millenary history of the city of Gades, place some cult areas in the northern part of the archipelago and at its western end. The toponymy linked to this northern island (called Aphrodisias or Erytheia), associated to Venus in Roman times, has traditionally been related to the existence in this area during the Phoenician-Punic period of a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Astarte. However, the archaeological research carried out in this sector of the current city of Cadiz throughout the last half-century has not unearthed remains related with the sanctuary, and only limited finds on land sites dating to the Phoenician-Punic and Roman republican periods (mostly graves and artisanal facilities). On the contrary, numerous amphorae, incense burners, miniature vessels, terracottas and other objects have been found beneath the waters of La Caleta and the shallow areas to the northwest of the island of Erytheia. Most of the finds have been interpreted as offerings related to a maritime cult of Astarte developed along the ancient coastline or on board. Unfortunately the majority of these items lack of a clear archaeological context and have generally been dated between the 5th and the 3rd centuries B.C. Since 2008 we have carried out various projects: an underwater survey, studies of material stored in local museums and archaeological excavations conducted in various spots in the northern part of Cadiz. Altogether, have brought to light significant fresh data with regard to the topography of the ancient town and the evolution of the uses given to the maritime strip and port areas of this insular sector. Recently these findings have been partially published, extending the chronology of the early use of the maritime façade to the 7th century B.C. On land, in the coastal band some recent salvage excavations have revealed the existence of structures that indicate the development of diverse activities in the vicinity of the ancient port canal, not far from the urban core located first in the area of the Teatro Cómico (9th-6th centuries BC) and later underneath the current districts of El Pópulo and Santa María (6th-1st centuries BC). This paper presents an updated overview of the evolution of this sacralized littoral milieu based on these fresh data, examining numerous geo-archaeological indicators and proposing a renovated view of the relationship established between the Phoenician-Punic city, the coastal sanctuaries (and gods) and the underwater finds.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, and 11 moreHistory of Religion, Pottery (Archaeology), Landscape Archaeology, Remote sensing and GIS applications in Landscape Research, Underwater Archaeology, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archaeology of cult, Phoenician Punic Religion, Ancient Ports and Harbours, and Gadir / Gades
YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/LyxvtC4Lj_s El interés por la sistematización arqueológica de los restos muebles de época prerromana en la bahía gaditana ha sido tardío y sólo progresivamente ha alcanzado niveles de desarrollo que han dado... more
YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/LyxvtC4Lj_s
El interés por la sistematización arqueológica de los restos muebles de época prerromana en la bahía gaditana ha sido tardío y sólo progresivamente ha alcanzado niveles de desarrollo que han dado lugar a verdaderas herramientas de referencia, ayudando decisivamente a interpretar históricamente los numerosos descubrimientos acumulados a lo largo del siglo XX y de las dos últimas décadas. En relación a la cerámica, desde el inicio de las excavaciones sistemáticas o preventivas en el Castillo de Doña Blanca y en la ciudad de Cádiz en los año ochenta, así como desde el hallazgo y excavación de los primeros alfares púnicos, las investigaciones han estado dirigidas fundamentalmente hacia la construcción de un armazón tipológico y cronológico que permitiese datar afinadamente y contextualizar históricamente los hallazgos registrados en otros puntos de la bahía. Aún así, la publicación de conjuntos cerámicos contextualizados ha sido muy escasa, y apenas los alfares han comenzado en las dos últimas décadas a aportar información de este tipo y a determinar con precisión el origen local de muchos tipos. El panorama es por tanto incipiente y asimétrico, con áreas de la bahía casi desconocidas a nivel de sus conjuntos cerámicos, y también con periodos o formas que igualmente siguen siendo un desafío de cara a su interpretación histórica, su datación o el establecimiento de relaciones tipológicas con otras series. Partiendo de este panorama, a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas hemos tratado de contribuir (con proyectos propios o en colaboración con otros colegas) de sistematizar los repertorios fabricados en los alfares locales entre los siglos VI y I a.C., introducir y ampliar el uso de herramientas de análisis arqueométrico y explorar nuevas líneas de estudio hasta ahora inéditas como la caracterización de los procesos tecnológicos y de la cadena operativa de los alfares locales. Se pretende, por tanto, ofrecer una panorámica breve del desarrollo general de las investigaciones sobre la cerámica prerromana de la bahía hasta el momento (¿de dónde venimos?) y presentar los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en los últimos años, reflexionando no sólo sobre en qué punto estamos sino también hacia dónde debemos caminar (desde un punto de vista metodológico y operativo) para conseguir que la cerámica prerromana sea en este punto portuario clave del Atlántico una herramienta arqueológica e histórica eficaz para el análisis de toda la secuencia del I milenio a.C.
El interés por la sistematización arqueológica de los restos muebles de época prerromana en la bahía gaditana ha sido tardío y sólo progresivamente ha alcanzado niveles de desarrollo que han dado lugar a verdaderas herramientas de referencia, ayudando decisivamente a interpretar históricamente los numerosos descubrimientos acumulados a lo largo del siglo XX y de las dos últimas décadas. En relación a la cerámica, desde el inicio de las excavaciones sistemáticas o preventivas en el Castillo de Doña Blanca y en la ciudad de Cádiz en los año ochenta, así como desde el hallazgo y excavación de los primeros alfares púnicos, las investigaciones han estado dirigidas fundamentalmente hacia la construcción de un armazón tipológico y cronológico que permitiese datar afinadamente y contextualizar históricamente los hallazgos registrados en otros puntos de la bahía. Aún así, la publicación de conjuntos cerámicos contextualizados ha sido muy escasa, y apenas los alfares han comenzado en las dos últimas décadas a aportar información de este tipo y a determinar con precisión el origen local de muchos tipos. El panorama es por tanto incipiente y asimétrico, con áreas de la bahía casi desconocidas a nivel de sus conjuntos cerámicos, y también con periodos o formas que igualmente siguen siendo un desafío de cara a su interpretación histórica, su datación o el establecimiento de relaciones tipológicas con otras series. Partiendo de este panorama, a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas hemos tratado de contribuir (con proyectos propios o en colaboración con otros colegas) de sistematizar los repertorios fabricados en los alfares locales entre los siglos VI y I a.C., introducir y ampliar el uso de herramientas de análisis arqueométrico y explorar nuevas líneas de estudio hasta ahora inéditas como la caracterización de los procesos tecnológicos y de la cadena operativa de los alfares locales. Se pretende, por tanto, ofrecer una panorámica breve del desarrollo general de las investigaciones sobre la cerámica prerromana de la bahía hasta el momento (¿de dónde venimos?) y presentar los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en los últimos años, reflexionando no sólo sobre en qué punto estamos sino también hacia dónde debemos caminar (desde un punto de vista metodológico y operativo) para conseguir que la cerámica prerromana sea en este punto portuario clave del Atlántico una herramienta arqueológica e histórica eficaz para el análisis de toda la secuencia del I milenio a.C.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), and 9 moreIron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Craft production (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Craftmanship (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Gadir, and Chaîne Opératoire
Fin dalla sua fondazione in epoca arcaica, l'insediamento fenicio nella baia di Cadice fu un asse fondamentale della presenza orientale oltre le Colonne d'Ercole sia dal punto di vista economico e portuale, sia in relazione alla... more
Fin dalla sua fondazione in epoca arcaica, l'insediamento fenicio nella baia di Cadice fu un asse fondamentale della presenza orientale oltre le Colonne d'Ercole sia dal punto di vista economico e portuale, sia in relazione alla produzione alimentare e all'introduzione di nuove usanze culinarie nella regione. La sua posizione alla confluenza di grandi estuari fluviali (soprattutto il Guadalete) e in una campagna costiera pianeggiante e fertile ha fatto di questo insediamento una zona ideale per lo sviluppo dell'agricoltura, della pesca, della produzione di sale e delle attività di caccia e raccolta, che insieme hanno fornito un'enorme varietà di ingredienti per le sue cucine e per il commercio d'esportazione.
Inoltre, il suo porto era un’entrata per i prodotti (in molti casi il cibo) provenienti da tutti gli angoli del mondo mediterraneo, mentre le strette relazioni della città con le comunità tartesiche e turdetane garantivano la fornitura di olio, vino e altri alimenti chiave ai fenici di Gadir. La pesca e la produzione di sale raggiunsero, dal VI-V secolo a.C., un ruolo capitale nell'economia locale poiché le conserve di tonno sotto sale erano famose a livello internazionale ed erano anche richieste nella maggior parte dei mercati mediterranei dell'epoca, sebbene fossero consumate anche nella regione e localmente. Le formule di preparazione e di consumo, così come gli strumenti legati ad entrambi i processi, hanno vissuto prima una notevole ellenizzazione formale e poi un progressivo adattamento ai modelli di moda nel mondo romano. Tutte queste caratteristiche, che hanno dato origine a una dieta ricca e variegata e a una potente "industria" alimentare, sono rimaste il segno distintivo della città dopo la sua integrazione nel mondo repubblicano romano tra il II e il I secolo a.C.
La presentazione ha lo scopo di fornire uno stato della ricerca aggiornato su questi temi, passando in rassegna i dati archeologici e paleoambientali più rilevanti disponibili. L'obiettivo è quindi quello di sintetizzare le informazioni fornite dai resti di spazi dedicati alla produzione, alla trasformazione e al consumo di alimenti, di oggetti legati alla cucina e alla tavola, e di resti di fauna e piante documentati in ogni tipo di ambiente, al fine di esaminare il ruolo di alcuni alimenti nella dieta locale e nella economia marittima della città orientata all'esportazione. Ci occuperemo di casi di studio particolarmente espressivi come la pesca, il sale e il pesce salato, ma anche di altri aspetti come l'evoluzione dei repertori ceramici per il fuoco e la tavola, gli strumenti di macinazione o i forni domestici legati alle "cucine" preromane della Baia di Cadice.
Inoltre, il suo porto era un’entrata per i prodotti (in molti casi il cibo) provenienti da tutti gli angoli del mondo mediterraneo, mentre le strette relazioni della città con le comunità tartesiche e turdetane garantivano la fornitura di olio, vino e altri alimenti chiave ai fenici di Gadir. La pesca e la produzione di sale raggiunsero, dal VI-V secolo a.C., un ruolo capitale nell'economia locale poiché le conserve di tonno sotto sale erano famose a livello internazionale ed erano anche richieste nella maggior parte dei mercati mediterranei dell'epoca, sebbene fossero consumate anche nella regione e localmente. Le formule di preparazione e di consumo, così come gli strumenti legati ad entrambi i processi, hanno vissuto prima una notevole ellenizzazione formale e poi un progressivo adattamento ai modelli di moda nel mondo romano. Tutte queste caratteristiche, che hanno dato origine a una dieta ricca e variegata e a una potente "industria" alimentare, sono rimaste il segno distintivo della città dopo la sua integrazione nel mondo repubblicano romano tra il II e il I secolo a.C.
La presentazione ha lo scopo di fornire uno stato della ricerca aggiornato su questi temi, passando in rassegna i dati archeologici e paleoambientali più rilevanti disponibili. L'obiettivo è quindi quello di sintetizzare le informazioni fornite dai resti di spazi dedicati alla produzione, alla trasformazione e al consumo di alimenti, di oggetti legati alla cucina e alla tavola, e di resti di fauna e piante documentati in ogni tipo di ambiente, al fine di esaminare il ruolo di alcuni alimenti nella dieta locale e nella economia marittima della città orientata all'esportazione. Ci occuperemo di casi di studio particolarmente espressivi come la pesca, il sale e il pesce salato, ma anche di altri aspetti come l'evoluzione dei repertori ceramici per il fuoco e la tavola, gli strumenti di macinazione o i forni domestici legati alle "cucine" preromane della Baia di Cadice.
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Landscape Archaeology, Food History, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Archaeometry, and 10 moreIron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Cooking and Food Preparation (archaeology), Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Archaeology of food, Gadir, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, History of wine, Rotary querns and millstones, and Tannur
Various studies have highlighted the existence of active trade networks connecting the Levant and Greece throughout the Classic and Hellenistic periods. Nonetheless, the available material evidence concerning these commercial relations... more
Various studies have highlighted the existence of active trade networks connecting the Levant and Greece throughout the Classic and Hellenistic periods. Nonetheless, the available material evidence concerning these commercial relations are still quite restricted and most of the published scholarship is based on literary sources. Our contribution aims at renewing the historic and archaeological perspectives on the exchanges between these two areas, and particularly between the Levantine coast and Greece, through the use of multivariate analysis and the discussion on some new archaeological finds.
Nowadays, several documents allow us to draw a new picture regarding the economic and trade networks between these two areas. Epigraphic data, firstly, illustrate the presence of “Phoenician” agents who lived (and died) in Greece – more precisely in Athens and Delos – and were involved in maritime trade activities. Moreover, recent archaeological research provides new traces of those activities. The discovery of various amphorae in underwater contexts in the port of Piraeus, a key site in the route from Delos, can be linked to an exceptional assemblage of amphorae of Levantine and Punic provenance in the southeastern Aegean (unpublished shipwreck found off the coast of Levitha Island).
By confronting these distinct sources of documentation, we are able to highlight the possible conditions and modalities of some of these exchange networks between the Levant and the central and southern Aegean area. Beyond the imports of raw materials, well documented by the textual sources but sometimes hard to identify archaeologically, new documentation suggests the existence of a wine trade supply from the Levant. We can also assess the long continuity of this business, including finds dating from 5th to the 3rd c. BC. The evidence studied in this paper can be considered just as the tip of the iceberg of a quite larger amount of amphorae and other unpublished finds that for sure supports the existence of a relevant connection between the Levantine ports and some of the main Aegean markets, between the Peloponnesian War and the arrival of Rome.
Nowadays, several documents allow us to draw a new picture regarding the economic and trade networks between these two areas. Epigraphic data, firstly, illustrate the presence of “Phoenician” agents who lived (and died) in Greece – more precisely in Athens and Delos – and were involved in maritime trade activities. Moreover, recent archaeological research provides new traces of those activities. The discovery of various amphorae in underwater contexts in the port of Piraeus, a key site in the route from Delos, can be linked to an exceptional assemblage of amphorae of Levantine and Punic provenance in the southeastern Aegean (unpublished shipwreck found off the coast of Levitha Island).
By confronting these distinct sources of documentation, we are able to highlight the possible conditions and modalities of some of these exchange networks between the Levant and the central and southern Aegean area. Beyond the imports of raw materials, well documented by the textual sources but sometimes hard to identify archaeologically, new documentation suggests the existence of a wine trade supply from the Levant. We can also assess the long continuity of this business, including finds dating from 5th to the 3rd c. BC. The evidence studied in this paper can be considered just as the tip of the iceberg of a quite larger amount of amphorae and other unpublished finds that for sure supports the existence of a relevant connection between the Levantine ports and some of the main Aegean markets, between the Peloponnesian War and the arrival of Rome.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Phoenicians, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Greek Archaeology, Aegean Archaeology, and 7 moreMaritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Ancient Shipwrecks, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, Ancient Athens, and Archaeology of the Levant
The recent excavations carried out at Cerro Macareno (La Rinconada, Seville) have made it possible to improve the in-progress study of the tableware repertoire used by the populations of the interior of the Guadalquivir valley (the... more
The recent excavations carried out at Cerro Macareno (La Rinconada, Seville) have made it possible to improve the in-progress study of the tableware repertoire used by the populations of the interior of the Guadalquivir valley (the turdetani of the classical sources) and its transformation immediately before and after the Roman conquest. The addition of new "hellenized" consumption patterns among the communities of the Mediterranean Far West resulted of the intermediation of Punic Gadir and its sphere of influence, which played a key role as main port and agent of change for most of the ceramic repertoires and in-style uses in the post-Classical Mediterranean. This process gained momentum with the annexation of these territories by Rome, the liberalization of the commercial networks and the influence of the Italic populations that settled in the new Hispanic provinces. Even so, the interior of the Turdetanian region mostly remained unconnected to the cooking and consumption patterns of food that became widespread at the time, adapting kitchenware and tableware to their own liking. Singular patterns of use in both local finewares production and imports (Kuass red slip ware, Campanian black gloss ware, thin-walled pottery, etc.) can be observed in the available archaeological record and should be verified in some other recently unearthed contexts. Consequently, a comparison is established in this paper between the pottery found in contemporaneous contexts (dating to the end of the 2nd century BC) in three ports of the Guadalquivir ancient mouth, closely related to the Punic trade: Spal (Seville), Ilipa (Alcalá del Río) and Cerro Macareno.
Research Interests:
For decades ceramic unguentaria have been found in hundreds of tombs excavated in the insular necropolis of ancient Gadir/Gades, as part of the distinctive set of Hellenistic grave goods commonly found in the late Punic and early Roman... more
For decades ceramic unguentaria have been found in hundreds of tombs excavated in the insular necropolis of ancient Gadir/Gades, as part of the distinctive set of Hellenistic grave goods commonly found in the late Punic and early Roman burials (which also included coins, glass-eye beads, fibulae, other local pottery vessels, etc.). In spite of this, the study of the local production and the typological evolution of the ceramic unguentaria have barely received any specific attention so far, and only a few studies have suggested a local consumption and manufactures of these items throughout the 4th to the 1st century BC. The paper provides an in-depth review of the current state of research and a review of the significant archaeological available, so the main scope will be to settle a more solid chronological framework as there is a lack of any evidence of local production of unguentaria before the 3rd century BC in the pottery workshops excavated across the bay, and discuss the Carthaginian influence on the early stages of the local production and consumption. Also, we will focus on the function of the ceramic unguentaria as grave good in the area, and assess any additional uses that the available information could suggest. Summing up, the aim of the paper is to analyze how the burial ceremonies in Gadir/Gades evolved during the Hellenistic period and foreign traditions such as the ceramic unguentaria became a standard trend probably as a result of Mediterranean contacts with Carthage, Italy and the western Greek world.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
En las últimas décadas los avances en la caracterización de la producción de ánforas desarrollada por las urbes de origen fenicio del sur de Iberia han sido notables, pero buena parte de ellos deben ser atribuidos a los hallazgos e... more
En las últimas décadas los avances en la caracterización de la producción de ánforas desarrollada por las urbes de origen fenicio del sur de Iberia han sido notables, pero buena parte de ellos deben ser atribuidos a los hallazgos e investigaciones sistemáticas desarrollado en la bahía gaditana (en torno a la antigua Gadir). Sin embargo, este desarrollo desigual de la historiografía no ha ocultado el hecho de que en las urbes costeras de la parte mediterránea de la posterior Ulterior la fabricación de cerámicas, y concretamente de ánforas, también fue una actividad económica de primer orden desde época fenicia hasta la integración de estos territorios en la república de Roma. Las novedades aportadas por nuevas excavaciones, así como una mayor atención sobre aspectos arqueométricos y tipológicos, permiten ahora plantear una necesaria síntesis cuyo objetivo es esencialmente caracterizar la evolución de la producción anfórica de esta zona entre momentos avanzados de la etapa púnica y fases avanzadas del periodo republicano.
Research Interests:
La fabricación de contenedores cerámicos de transporte y la generación de grandes redes de producción y distribución de derivados alimentarios diversos envasados en ellos alcanzaron cotas muy elevadas siglos antes del inicio de la... more
La fabricación de contenedores cerámicos de transporte y la generación de grandes redes de producción y distribución de derivados alimentarios diversos envasados en ellos alcanzaron cotas muy elevadas siglos antes del inicio de la dominación romana del sur de la antigua Iberia. Tanto en las ciudades portuarias como en los oppida o asentamientos secundarios del interior la manufactura y circulación de ánforas fueron actividades principales de las economías locales y regionales desde la etapa arcaica, logrando en los siglos posteriores una interacción e interdependencia aún más marcada entre las economías costeras y las del interior. Aún provenientes de las formas fenicias, casi todas las ciudades importantes de la región desarrollaron tradiciones artesanales independientes que originaron a partir de la época clásica una creciente diversidad de formas y variantes anfóricas, y un enorme número de centros productores urbanos, suburbanos y rurales. La investigación tanto de las ánforas turdetanas como de las ciudades costeras ha recibido hasta el momento una atención asimétrica, y son aún escasos los centros de producción caracterizados arqueológica y arqueométricamente de forma plenamente satisfactoria. En cualquier caso, en las últimas décadas las novedades generadas permiten establecer un nuevo estado de la cuestión tanto desde la perspectiva de la tipología y la cronología como en relación a aspectos tecnológicos o de proveniencia. Se plantea por tanto ahora un estado de la cuestión sobre las ánforas púnicas y turdetanas fabricadas en el suroeste peninsular entre el siglo V y los primeros pasos de la provincia Ulterior durante el siglo II a.C.
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Conference: Eternidades Compartidas. El mundo funerario a occidente de las Columnas de Melqart (Seville-Mairena, 3-4 December 2018) A review of the available data of one of the most important funerary areas of the I millennium BC in... more
Conference: Eternidades Compartidas. El mundo funerario a occidente de las Columnas de Melqart (Seville-Mairena, 3-4 December 2018)
A review of the available data of one of the most important funerary areas of the I millennium BC in southern Iberia, and also discussion of some new evidence from chronological and land planning perspectives. As well, considerations on the evolution of grave goods and, in particular, examination of recent research on the jewelry of the archaic and early Punic stages.
A review of the available data of one of the most important funerary areas of the I millennium BC in southern Iberia, and also discussion of some new evidence from chronological and land planning perspectives. As well, considerations on the evolution of grave goods and, in particular, examination of recent research on the jewelry of the archaic and early Punic stages.
Research Interests:
La actuación preventiva llevada a cabo entre 2012-2013 en el solar ocupado hasta inicios de siglo por el edificio de la Subdelegación del Gobierno en Cádiz, junto a las murallas y fosos de Puertas de Tierra, permitió descubrir nuestras... more
La actuación preventiva llevada a cabo entre 2012-2013 en el solar ocupado hasta inicios de siglo por el edificio de la Subdelegación del Gobierno en Cádiz, junto a las murallas y fosos de Puertas de Tierra, permitió descubrir nuestras estructuras vinculadas a la necrópolis fenicio-púnica y romana insular de Gadir. Los restos pertenecientes a las fases más antiguas se encontraban en un estado de conservación excepcional, con sus ajuares y estructuras íntegros, lo que no es habitual en una zona funeraria como la gaditana que ha sido intensamente expoliada y reutilizada desde la propia Antigüedad.
Los trabajos permitieron excavar algunas cremaciones en fosa de época arcaica avanzada, así como un conjunto de doce enterramientos de inhumación dentro de citas revestidas de sillares pétreos, los cuales conformaban dos grupos de seis pertenecientes probablemente a dos fases de un mismo panteón familiar. Este conjunto de época púnica (siglo V a.C.) proporcionó ajuares fundamentalmente compuestos por joyería de oro, plata y bronce dorado, combinadas con escarabeos y cuentas pétreas (de diversa litología), así como amuletos de fayenza de variada iconografía. La disposición de estos enterramientos en el extremo norte de la isla de Kotinoussa, su buen estado de preservación, así como determinados ítems documentados entre sus ajuares, convierten el estudio de este sector de la necrópolis en una oportunidad notable para ahondar en una de las etapas de mayor esplendor económico de la ciudad y de sus élites, y conectar el mundo funerario local con la evolución de la economía del mar en que se fundamentó la prosperidad de la ciudad prerromana.
Los trabajos permitieron excavar algunas cremaciones en fosa de época arcaica avanzada, así como un conjunto de doce enterramientos de inhumación dentro de citas revestidas de sillares pétreos, los cuales conformaban dos grupos de seis pertenecientes probablemente a dos fases de un mismo panteón familiar. Este conjunto de época púnica (siglo V a.C.) proporcionó ajuares fundamentalmente compuestos por joyería de oro, plata y bronce dorado, combinadas con escarabeos y cuentas pétreas (de diversa litología), así como amuletos de fayenza de variada iconografía. La disposición de estos enterramientos en el extremo norte de la isla de Kotinoussa, su buen estado de preservación, así como determinados ítems documentados entre sus ajuares, convierten el estudio de este sector de la necrópolis en una oportunidad notable para ahondar en una de las etapas de mayor esplendor económico de la ciudad y de sus élites, y conectar el mundo funerario local con la evolución de la economía del mar en que se fundamentó la prosperidad de la ciudad prerromana.
Research Interests:
El famoso edificio ubicado en la zona central de la antigua metrópolis de Corinto es un lugar ampliamente conocido y consolidado en la bibliografía desde su descubrimiento a finales de los años setenta del siglo XX por la notable... more
El famoso edificio ubicado en la zona central de la antigua metrópolis de Corinto es un lugar ampliamente conocido y consolidado en la bibliografía desde su descubrimiento a finales de los años setenta del siglo XX por la notable presencia de ánforas de origen púnico entre sus restos. En efecto, las excavaciones dirigidas por C.H. Williams entre 1977 y 1979 desenterraron buena parte de un edificio de vocación comercial en el cual además del consumo de vinos griegos las ánforas y restos de pescado documentados demostraron el gusto de los locales por las salazones púnicas occidentales. A pesar del enorme eco de los primeros informes de excavación y síntesis publicadas, aún no se ha dado a conocer la memoria definitiva de dichas excavaciones.
Paralelamente, el desarrollo de la arqueología prerromana en la región del Estrecho de Gibraltar en las últimas décadas ha aportado nuevas evidencias relativas a los centros de producción de las salazones y las ánforas, lo que permite ahora ofrecer una visión más precisa sobre el origen de los productos consumidos en Corinto durante el siglo V a.C. En esta presentación se ofrecen las primeras conclusiones y resultados del proyecto hispano-americano que desde 2014 ha retomado las investigaciones del contexto desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar.
Paralelamente, el desarrollo de la arqueología prerromana en la región del Estrecho de Gibraltar en las últimas décadas ha aportado nuevas evidencias relativas a los centros de producción de las salazones y las ánforas, lo que permite ahora ofrecer una visión más precisa sobre el origen de los productos consumidos en Corinto durante el siglo V a.C. En esta presentación se ofrecen las primeras conclusiones y resultados del proyecto hispano-americano que desde 2014 ha retomado las investigaciones del contexto desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar.
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La presencia de las llamadas "cerámicas grises" entre las ofrendas depositadas en el interior de la cavidad de Gorham, en la base de la columna hercúlea europea, ha sido hasta el momento objeto de escasa atención. En este trabajo se... more
La presencia de las llamadas "cerámicas grises" entre las ofrendas depositadas en el interior de la cavidad de Gorham, en la base de la columna hercúlea europea, ha sido hasta el momento objeto de escasa atención. En este trabajo se presenta una síntesis de las formas de este heterogéneo grupo presentes en estos depósitos votivos, valorando aspectos relativos a su tipología, origen y cronología. Además, se reflexionará acerca de su significado y papel funcional en relación a otros items documentados en la cueva tanto en las primeras fases de la investigación como en las excavaciones más recientes emprendidas desde 1997. El análisis de estas cerámicas permite además, ahondar en el intenso uso dado a este santuario marítimo en las primeras fases del asentamiento fenicio en la región y caracterizar con más precisión el tránsito hacia/desde el Atlántico y los confines de la periferia fenicia occidental.
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En esta comunicación presentamos los resultados del Proyecto de Investigación La ruta de la Estrímnides. Comercio mediterráneo e interculturalidad en el noroeste de Iberia (HAR2015-68310-P). La principal aportación es la revisión de los... more
En esta comunicación presentamos los resultados del Proyecto de Investigación La ruta de la Estrímnides. Comercio mediterráneo e interculturalidad en el noroeste de Iberia (HAR2015-68310-P). La principal aportación es la revisión de los contextos arqueológicos de varios castros (Toralla, A Lanzada, Boiro, Chandebrito, etc.) y de los materiales de importación registrados, especialmente los cerámicos, y entre ellos las ánforas, que nos han permitido establecer las fases y los ritmos del comercio, el origen de estos materiales, los productos demandados, los principales agentes implicados en las transacciones y los fenómenos de interculturalidad entre los agentes mediterráneos y las comunidades locales.
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The so-called Punic Amphora Building at Corinth (dating mid-5th century BC) is one of the most prominent archaeological milestones of the development of the production, trade and consumption of salted fish in Classical Antiquity in the... more
The so-called Punic Amphora Building at Corinth (dating mid-5th century BC) is one of the most prominent archaeological milestones of the development of the production, trade and consumption of salted fish in Classical Antiquity in the Eastern Mediterranean. The abundant fishbone remains found together with Punic transport amphorae were interpreted as the evidence of a remarkable commercial connection established between the Punic West and the Greek world as early as the 5th century BC based on the eastern demand of tuna tárichos. The information provided by Greek literary sources of the 5th c. BC support the arrival of the western fish products to Corinth, Athens and other key sites, and the continuation of the exchange until at least the last decades of the century. Mr. Williams’ first publication of the archaeological assemblage at Corinth (1977-1979) underlined the commercial role of the building, and the presence of massive quantities of Greek and Punic amphorae and the exceptionally preserved ichthyologic remains found in the pavement layers of the courtyard. A recent review of both the amphorae and the faunal material provides a more precise view of fish species and shape/size (of the tuna chunks) and also of the typological features of the Greek and Punic transport vessels found in the building. The paper will focus on this issue, providing an overview of the types and the chronological framework and as well an updated interpretation of the function of the building.
Research Interests: Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Maritime History, Greek Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), and 14 morePhoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Identity, Corinth, Cooking and Food Preparation (archaeology), Archaeology of food, Roman fishing and fish processing, Gadir, Ancient Fishing, Maritime and Underwater Archaeology, Phoenician and Punic Amphorae, Punic Amphora Building, Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, and Tunas
First results of the archaeological and archaeometric research conducted on the Punic and Roman mortars of ancient Cadiz Bay. Some of the, used to build cisterns and other types of vats, had exceptional features such as adding smashed... more
First results of the archaeological and archaeometric research conducted on the Punic and Roman mortars of ancient Cadiz Bay. Some of the, used to build cisterns and other types of vats, had exceptional features such as adding smashed seashells to the mixture.
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So far, the identification of capacity patterns of the transport amphorae produced in the Punic settlements of the western Mediterranean and the Atlantic areas has remained in as a secondary topic in the historiography, particularly... more
So far, the identification of capacity patterns of the transport amphorae produced in the Punic settlements of the western Mediterranean and the Atlantic areas has remained in as a secondary topic in the historiography, particularly compared with the development of typological approaches or the study of the overseas distribution. This pattern has resulted in a highly developed knowledge of the typological evolution of the amphorae from key places such as the Bay of Cadiz (southern Spain). But at the same time, in insufficient data on the capacities of each type or its relation with other traces of ancient local weight and measures systems.
However, in recent years this line of research is gaining more traction in relation to the analysis of far-ranging economic changes, linked to the monetization of the Punic world, to technical changes in the patterns of production and maritime transport, to the influence of other Mediterranean manufacturing centers, etc. This paper presents the first results of the latest research carried out in the Bay of Cadiz aimed at filling this gap, focusing on the miniature vessels found in underwater contexts next to the ancient city. To achieve the goal, the information obtained from typological studies has been combined with measurements using real-scale reproductions and specialized 3D software. The joint use of these methodologies has made possible to obtain data on all types manufactured in the Punic ceramic workshops of Cadiz area between the 6th and the 1st centuries BC.
A synthesis of these results is presented in this paper, as well as some reflections about the meaning of the alterations in the amphorae metrology and its connection with other technological changes attested regarding the shape and architecture of local vessels and their workshops. Finally, the data from Cadiz will be contextualized in a broader economic framework, comparing the local patterns with the available information from other miniature amphorae produced in areas such as the inland Turdetania, Ibiza and the Punic central Mediterranean.
However, in recent years this line of research is gaining more traction in relation to the analysis of far-ranging economic changes, linked to the monetization of the Punic world, to technical changes in the patterns of production and maritime transport, to the influence of other Mediterranean manufacturing centers, etc. This paper presents the first results of the latest research carried out in the Bay of Cadiz aimed at filling this gap, focusing on the miniature vessels found in underwater contexts next to the ancient city. To achieve the goal, the information obtained from typological studies has been combined with measurements using real-scale reproductions and specialized 3D software. The joint use of these methodologies has made possible to obtain data on all types manufactured in the Punic ceramic workshops of Cadiz area between the 6th and the 1st centuries BC.
A synthesis of these results is presented in this paper, as well as some reflections about the meaning of the alterations in the amphorae metrology and its connection with other technological changes attested regarding the shape and architecture of local vessels and their workshops. Finally, the data from Cadiz will be contextualized in a broader economic framework, comparing the local patterns with the available information from other miniature amphorae produced in areas such as the inland Turdetania, Ibiza and the Punic central Mediterranean.
Research Interests: Phoenicians, Underwater Archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Mediterranean Underwater Archaeology, and 14 moreAncient Shipwrecks, Miniature vessels, Gadir, Gades, 3d Reconstructions in Archaeology, Roman Amphorae, Maritime and Underwater Archaeology, Phoenician trade, Votive offerings, Phoenician Punic Religion, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Roman Archaeology, La Caleta, and Gadir / Gades
The Bay of Cadiz, bridge between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic and knuckle joint between Europe and Africa, Constitutes a key point for the study of the relationship established between man and the ocean since Late Prehistoric times.... more
The Bay of Cadiz, bridge between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic and knuckle joint between Europe and Africa, Constitutes a key point for the study of the relationship established between man and the ocean since Late Prehistoric times. The advantageous natural conditions offered as harbor area favored the foundation of the Phoenician settlement of Gadir (present-day Cadiz) three millennia ago. Those advantages included the existence of anchorages sheltered from different winds, a perfect location to store and deliver raw materials from the nearby islands and the sea (seasonal tuna fish, seafood, salt, foodstuffs from the farmlands, etc.) and a port connected to key maritime and fluvial routes. The coast of the archipelago of Gàdeira (as named by Greek classical sources) constituted an area of continuous bustle, motivated by trade, worship activities, armed conflicts, etc. This intense maritime activity has left its reflection in the waters that still surround the islands, and it is in La Caleta where the concentration of underwater deposits is broader and more significant, revealing different chronologies, typologies and preservation status.
The reefs and shallow waters that characterize the present-day beach of La Caleta and its surroundings, have a port channel framed by two rocky headlands called Santa Catalina-Punta del Nao (northern one, ancient island of Erytheia) and San Sebastián (island of Kotinoussa). It is still used as a secondary anchorage and shelter area for fishing and pleasure boats. Along with the chain of small islets that surround it to the north, they formed one of the main port areas of the ancient bay, and underwater evidence of this intense use has been attested from the 19th century. In addition, the zone had a marked religious character from Phoenician times due to the establishment of two sanctuaries in the far western bounds of the rocky headlands and the deposition of votive offerings around the ending capes, such as Punta del Nao.
Given the interest of this ancient oceanic port, the Centro de Arqueología Subacuática de Andalucía (CAS) is developing in collaboration with researchers from the University of Seville an update of the available information on the underwater and geo-archaeological findings in the area of La Caleta. Recently the results of the most recent archaeological campaigns carried out in the area (2008-2010) have already been published, and that data have been combined with the study of the collections stored in the Provincial Museum of Cadiz. This work is a first a synthesis of these on-going investigations about the Phoenician and Punic port of La Caleta, together with some first data of the study of the significant items, resulted of isolated finds and of the previous archaeological campaigns developed throughout the 20th century (mostly, terracottas and other votive pots).
The reefs and shallow waters that characterize the present-day beach of La Caleta and its surroundings, have a port channel framed by two rocky headlands called Santa Catalina-Punta del Nao (northern one, ancient island of Erytheia) and San Sebastián (island of Kotinoussa). It is still used as a secondary anchorage and shelter area for fishing and pleasure boats. Along with the chain of small islets that surround it to the north, they formed one of the main port areas of the ancient bay, and underwater evidence of this intense use has been attested from the 19th century. In addition, the zone had a marked religious character from Phoenician times due to the establishment of two sanctuaries in the far western bounds of the rocky headlands and the deposition of votive offerings around the ending capes, such as Punta del Nao.
Given the interest of this ancient oceanic port, the Centro de Arqueología Subacuática de Andalucía (CAS) is developing in collaboration with researchers from the University of Seville an update of the available information on the underwater and geo-archaeological findings in the area of La Caleta. Recently the results of the most recent archaeological campaigns carried out in the area (2008-2010) have already been published, and that data have been combined with the study of the collections stored in the Provincial Museum of Cadiz. This work is a first a synthesis of these on-going investigations about the Phoenician and Punic port of La Caleta, together with some first data of the study of the significant items, resulted of isolated finds and of the previous archaeological campaigns developed throughout the 20th century (mostly, terracottas and other votive pots).
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Maritime History, Coastal Geomorphology, Coastal and Island Archaeology, and 13 moreIron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Underwater Archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Mediterranean Underwater Archaeology, Gadir, Gades, Seascape Archaeology, Phoenician trade, Phoenician Punic Religion, Maritime Cultural Landscape and Seascapes, Ancient Ports and Harbours, and La Caleta
The research carried out in the pottery workshops and on different types of consumption contexts of the Bay of Cadiz in the last decades has made it possible to develop a preliminary proposal to characterize the evolution of the cooking... more
The research carried out in the pottery workshops and on different types of consumption contexts of the Bay of Cadiz in the last decades has made it possible to develop a preliminary proposal to characterize the evolution of the cooking wares of Punic and Late Late Punic Gadir. The paper aims to systematize the typology of the ceramics used for the cooking of various foods (pots, pans, pans, baking trays, etc.), providing a diachronic panoramic view of the evolution of forms fabricated and used in the bay, and about the influences received and interpreted to configure these repertoires until the beginnings of the Roman Republican stage. In addition, we present the first results obtained from experimental tests aimed at determining patterns of capacity and the relations established with other plain or red-slip repertoires (that formed "table and kitchen services"). To achieve that, the use of 3D virtualisation software has been combined with the reproduction of some of the most significant ceramic series, as well as through experimental cooking trials.
Research Interests:
Since the early steps of research (in the 50’s) on the Phoenician and Punic amphorae produced and traded in the Western Mediterranean, most of the efforts have focused on typological issues, giving rise to the first attempts to... more
Since the early steps of research (in the 50’s) on the Phoenician and Punic amphorae produced and traded in the Western Mediterranean, most of the efforts have focused on typological issues, giving rise to the first attempts to systematize the diverse universe of pre-Roman forms manufactured in the region during the 1st millennium BCE. Particularly for the case of ancient Gadir – Gades (modern Cadiz, Spain) the accumulative research on pottery production sites and formal changes of the amphorae in these decades has resulted in a very developed knowledge about the connections between different series and types, and also a significant chronological framework to order all that sort of transport vessels. Although some authors have pointed out to the existence of some standardization patterns, no systematic projects have carried out an specific research to clarify the evolution of amphorae profiles and capacities all along the life of the pre-Roman city, and the links with the standards used by other major port hubs of the Mediterranean.
We are currently trying to decode the evolution of capacity standards of each type. After a few years of research, based on the already available data about the local amphorae features and dating, in addition to fresh information provided by recent finds in the industrial quarters of the city, some relevant conclusions can be raised. The first results suggest that there was a complex system of Levantine origin that evolved along the 1st millennium BCE adapting the different units to the evolution of the various series, and also to the commercial connections established with the Greek world and then under the Roman rule (after 206 BCE). Using experimental archaeology and digital 3D modeling, we have calculated the regular capacity of all the types produced in Gadir – Gades until the early stages of the ‘Romanized’ city, but also of local miniaturized series of amphorae and some of the Turdetanian amphoras deeply involved in the pre-Roman trading activities of Gadir – Gades. The paper will provide an overview of the preliminary results achieved by the project, reflecting on the source of the capacity patterns, the tight connections between changes in forms and capacities, the gradual adaptation to foreign standards and the future prospects to extend research to weight and connections with monetized economy.
We are currently trying to decode the evolution of capacity standards of each type. After a few years of research, based on the already available data about the local amphorae features and dating, in addition to fresh information provided by recent finds in the industrial quarters of the city, some relevant conclusions can be raised. The first results suggest that there was a complex system of Levantine origin that evolved along the 1st millennium BCE adapting the different units to the evolution of the various series, and also to the commercial connections established with the Greek world and then under the Roman rule (after 206 BCE). Using experimental archaeology and digital 3D modeling, we have calculated the regular capacity of all the types produced in Gadir – Gades until the early stages of the ‘Romanized’ city, but also of local miniaturized series of amphorae and some of the Turdetanian amphoras deeply involved in the pre-Roman trading activities of Gadir – Gades. The paper will provide an overview of the preliminary results achieved by the project, reflecting on the source of the capacity patterns, the tight connections between changes in forms and capacities, the gradual adaptation to foreign standards and the future prospects to extend research to weight and connections with monetized economy.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Phoenicians, Maritime History, Ancient economies (Archaeology), and 10 moreUnderwater Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Standardization, Gadir, Gades, Roman Amphorae, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, and Phoenician trade
After several decades of continued research, including excavations in stratified pottery workshops, archaeometric investigations and typological seriation, it is possible to provide an improved view of amphorae production in the Bay of... more
After several decades of continued research, including excavations in stratified pottery workshops, archaeometric investigations and typological seriation, it is possible to provide an improved view of amphorae production in the Bay of Cadiz. Latest research grants archaeological data which makes possible to trace the main groups, from the Phoenician period to the Late Republican age, in which most of the Punic types ceased its production and were replaced by ‘provincial’ series almost fully Romanized. A significant number of workshops have been discovered and excavated in the insular hinterland of the city, mostly dating from the late-6th to the 1st century BCE, providing key information about the evolution of artisanal techniques and production trends. Also, recent archaeometric research has supplemented that information with new indications of the earlier stages of local pottery production (focusing both on amphorae and tablewares), and providing an accurate fingerprint for the identification of local ceramics of the 1st millennium BCE. Based on these data and the analysis of pottery finds from other sites located around the bay (such as Cadiz itself, Castillo de Doña Blanca, Chiclana, etc.), a massive production of transport vessels in the insular ateliers can be suspected from the colonial stage and particularly during the 6th to the 1st century AD linked to the commerce of salted fish (and other secondary commodities such as wine). Consequently, the main goals of this paper will be: 1) the examination of ‘families’ and types from Phoenician to Late Punic times, introducing some unidentified variants; 2) present a panoramic view of the workshops; 3) results of the archaeometric approaches and exploration of future steps of the research; 4) Analysis of stamps and its role in production processes; 5) Contents, residue analysis and experimental archaeology (filling up and sealing of amphorae); 6) study the distribution of the amphorae from Gadir, considering some significant case studies; and finally 7) discuss some ideas about the economic and social relevance of the amphora trade and the maritime activities in the Bay of Cadiz during the 1st millennium BCE.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Landscape Archaeology, Phoenicians, and 14 moreAncient economies (Archaeology), Archaeometry, Underwater Archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Mediterranean Underwater Archaeology, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Punic Pottery, Pottery kilns, Maritime and Underwater Archaeology, Phoenician trade, Phoenician and Punic Amphorae, and Gadir / Gades
The existence of stamps on Punic amphorae of various types, proveniences and chronology is a well-known fact in the last decades. Among the productions of Carthage and its economic area, such stamps typically were placed on handles and... more
The existence of stamps on Punic amphorae of various types, proveniences and chronology is a well-known fact in the last decades. Among the productions of Carthage and its economic area, such stamps typically were placed on handles and necks, normally with rounded shapes and a reduced size. Quite often these stamps include iconographic motifs of very different types; other times, one or more graphemes; occasionally, they combine iconographic motifs and letters. Despite there is a solid basis for its research, an increasing catalog of finds and the fact that the stamps are frequently found in every type of archaeological contexts (including pottery workshops) their concrete function has not yet being satisfactorily defined. This paper aims to shed light on a relatively large and particularly problematic group of these Carthaginian stamps. Thus, we will focus on the stamps characterized by the presence of just two identical graphemes; that is, biliteral stamps in which the same letter is repeated. In contrast to stamps with varied graphemes, read in many cases as abbreviations of anthroponyms, the ones in which the repetition of the same letter do not find a similar convincing translation as Punic personal names. It seems rather a special and distinctive way of marking the amphorae, different from the figurative and anthroponymic sealing. The variety of letters involved (that seems to reach all the Phoenician alphabet) suggests that a role as a numbering system based on the spelling system cannot be discarded. The connection between stamps and the vessels on which were impressed appear to support this uniqueness. Considering the cases that the amphorae carrying double-grapheme stamps have been identified only two types seem to be linked to this procedure: T-4210 and T-5230 series. Both types were consecutive groups with remarkable technical connections and continuity in shapes and volumes. Produced from the late 4th century until the first decades of the 2nd century BC, both series had a significant commercial success in the trading routes of the western and central Mediterranean. All individuals appear to come from the same production area located in the vicinity of Carthage. It is possible that this particular type of stamp was developed exclusively in such pottery workshops, where at least if was not created, such sealing manner seems to have had its furthermost development. In summary, the paper aims to carry out a combined epigraphic and archaeological study to understand a homogeneous type of stamps with distinct and very specific characteristics. Additionally, on the basis of this analysis, a secondary goal will be to achieve a better understanding of the entire phenomenon of amphoric sealing in the Punic world, closely linked to far-reaching economic processes.
Research Interests:
Overview of the presence of Turdetanian amphorae in the Bay of Cadiz from the 5th to the 2nd century BC, focusing on the types produced in the Bajo Guadalquivir and Guadalete areas.
Research Interests:
In: International workshop "A Family Business... The Roman Ovoid Amphorae in the Central and Western Mediterranean. Between the last two centuries of the Republic and the early days of the Roman Empire" (University of Seville / San... more
In: International workshop "A Family Business... The Roman Ovoid Amphorae in the Central and Western Mediterranean. Between the last two centuries of the Republic and the early days of the Roman Empire" (University of Seville / San Fernando, 10-11 December 2015)
Research Interests: Roman Pottery, Roman Economy, Archaeology of Roman Hispania, Roman Pottery Kilns, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), and 9 moreAncient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Gades, Roman Amphorae, Bay of Cádiz, Roman cities of Baetica (Hispania), Cádiz, Historia de Cádiz, and Roman Archaeology
Presented in the «Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference (RACIIC) Reflecting on Maritime Trade in foodstuffs in Antiquity», held at Cádiz, Spain in October, 5th – 7th, 2015 (http://amphoraecontentsconference.es/).
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The so-called Punic Amphora Building at Corinth holds a special place in the history of Mediterranean trade in Antiquity, and especially of long-distance transport of processed fish-products, as it features among, if not the, earliest... more
The so-called Punic Amphora Building at Corinth holds a special place in the history of Mediterranean trade in Antiquity, and especially of long-distance transport of processed fish-products, as it features among, if not the, earliest evidence found in Greece of trade connections between the West and the Eastern Mediterranean, as early as the 5th century BC.
During 2014 and 2015 new research has been conducted on the material remains from the PAB contexts, studying both fish bones and the Punic amphorae from the building area. Our presentation today will include the preliminary observations from the pottery study, the first processing of fish remains and will also show you a salt-fish experiment that tried to simulated the fish-products identified. Then we will end with some final remarks combining the ceramic and ichthyological studies, further contextualized through literary and historical evidence.
During 2014 and 2015 new research has been conducted on the material remains from the PAB contexts, studying both fish bones and the Punic amphorae from the building area. Our presentation today will include the preliminary observations from the pottery study, the first processing of fish remains and will also show you a salt-fish experiment that tried to simulated the fish-products identified. Then we will end with some final remarks combining the ceramic and ichthyological studies, further contextualized through literary and historical evidence.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Greek History, Fish Remains (Zooarchaeology), Phoenicians, and 9 moreAncient economies (Archaeology), Greek Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Corinth, and Ancient Maritime Trade Routes
In: "Trabajo Sagrado". I Seminario del Museo Arqueológico de Sevilla (28-29 de abril de 2015).
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
La publicación por parte de H. Dressel (1879) de los rótulos pintados sobre las ánforas extraídas del gran depósito de los Castra Praetoria de Roma puso en evidencia la importancia del comercio de las salazones béticas hacia Italia a... more
La publicación por parte de H. Dressel (1879) de los rótulos pintados sobre las ánforas extraídas del gran depósito de los Castra Praetoria de Roma puso en evidencia la importancia del comercio de las salazones béticas hacia Italia a mediados del siglo I d.C., fecha en que se sitúa habitualmente este notable conjunto anfórico. En realidad, estos datos eran posteriores a los del mismo tenor e importancia que R. Schöne y A. Mau habían publicado unos años antes (1871), pero fue la agudeza tipológica de Dressel la que permitió definir los tipos de contenedorers anfóricos en los que dichos productos marinos se embarcaban y exportaban y establecer con claridad su procedencia geográfica. Los avances de los estudios anfóricos a lo largo del siglo XX, pero sobre todo en sus años finales, pusieron de manifiesto la amplitud del fenómeno de la producción (Beltrán Lloris 1970, 1979, Lagóstena Barrios 1996, García Vargas 1998) el transporte (Colls et al. 1977, Liou 2001) y el consumo (Panella 1986, Desbat y Martin Kilcher 1989, Martin-Kilcher 1994) de los derivados ícticos del Estrecho de Gibraltar, evidente en lo referido a su producción desde los primeros estudios de las factorías o fábricas costeras que los elaboraron (Ponsich y Tarradell 1968).
En los últimos años, el aumento de la información arqueológica al respecto de todos los momentos del circuito económico de los productos marinos del Estrecho ha sido exponencial. En este trabajo, aspiramos no a recoger exhaustivamente toda esa información arqueológica, tarea imposible en unas pocas páginas, sino a dotarla de un esqueleto histórico que permita contextualizarla y dotarla de sentido diacrónico desde el punto de vista de la investigación en Historia Económica, una disciplina cuyas bases conceptuales han cambiado en los últimos decenios de forma notable como consecuencia de la aportación de la Arqueología.
Nos centraremos, como se ha señalado, en los productos haliéuticos (salazones y salsas de pescado), toda vez que la caracterización de otras producciones minoritarias envasadas en ánforas, como el vino, presenta problemas específicos y precisaría de otra metodología de trabajo. Y lo haremos dividiendo la exposición en dos grandes épocas, cada una de las cuales presenta su propia dinámica: la púnica y tardopúnica, por un lado, y la romana, por el otro, a fin de resaltar con esta mirada diacrónica los elementos de continuidad, pero, sobre todo los de discontinuidad (o al menos de reestructuración) impuestos por las diferentes circunstancias socioeconómicas de cada período histórico.
En los últimos años, el aumento de la información arqueológica al respecto de todos los momentos del circuito económico de los productos marinos del Estrecho ha sido exponencial. En este trabajo, aspiramos no a recoger exhaustivamente toda esa información arqueológica, tarea imposible en unas pocas páginas, sino a dotarla de un esqueleto histórico que permita contextualizarla y dotarla de sentido diacrónico desde el punto de vista de la investigación en Historia Económica, una disciplina cuyas bases conceptuales han cambiado en los últimos decenios de forma notable como consecuencia de la aportación de la Arqueología.
Nos centraremos, como se ha señalado, en los productos haliéuticos (salazones y salsas de pescado), toda vez que la caracterización de otras producciones minoritarias envasadas en ánforas, como el vino, presenta problemas específicos y precisaría de otra metodología de trabajo. Y lo haremos dividiendo la exposición en dos grandes épocas, cada una de las cuales presenta su propia dinámica: la púnica y tardopúnica, por un lado, y la romana, por el otro, a fin de resaltar con esta mirada diacrónica los elementos de continuidad, pero, sobre todo los de discontinuidad (o al menos de reestructuración) impuestos por las diferentes circunstancias socioeconómicas de cada período histórico.
Research Interests: Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Mauritania, and 6 moreRoman Amphorae, Roman Limes, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, Roman cities of Baetica (Hispania), ancient history of the Strait of Gibraltar, and Roman Archaeology
Research Interests:
The current Cano de Sancti Petri and the marshlands connected with this main salty-stream would have played an important role as a major economic scenario in the southern part of Cadiz Bay regarding the maritime trafic and trade and the... more
The current Cano de Sancti Petri and the marshlands connected with this main salty-stream would have played an important role as a major economic scenario in the southern part of Cadiz Bay regarding the maritime trafic and trade and the exploitation of marine resources. It is also worth to note the vicinity of those marshlands with the most important extra-urban sanctuary of Gadir/Gades devoted to Melqart-Hercules. Our most recent efforts have been focused on the Roman site of Coto de la Isleta (Chiclana). The review of the material culture and building remains uncovered due to the coastal erosive process has revealed the existence of an industrial Roman settlement linked to the production of sh by-products dating from mid-1st c. BC to the late 1st c. AD. Other Roman sites uncovered in the opposite shoreline of Sancti Petri, in the southern stretch of the Strabo’s Antipolis (current San Fernando), suggest an intensive use of these wetlands in Antiquity.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
For decades, it has been assumed that the fundamental metric systems (length, weight, capacity, etc.) were transferred from the eastern Mediterranean to the southern coasts of Iberia as a result of the Phoenician colonization around the... more
For decades, it has been assumed that the fundamental metric systems (length, weight, capacity, etc.) were transferred from the eastern Mediterranean to the southern coasts of Iberia as a result of the Phoenician colonization around the beginning of the 1st millennium B.C. However, what systems were brought and introduced by the Phoenicians to the West? Did all the Phoenician communities use the same systems, and were they interpreted and adapted in the same way by the regional populations? An examination of these issues is proposed through the study of ceramics, focusing on the case of the capacity standards, with special attention on those of Gadir, Malaka and the southwest of the peninsula, from Tartessos to Turdetania, during the 1st millennium BC. The study of amphorae is illuminating about the technological and metric differences that existed among the different Phoenician communities settled in Iberia, and also about how in the Iron Age II these divergences increased, including also the thriving oppida and states of the south-southwest of the Iberian Peninsula.
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https://www.jerez.es/fileadmin/Image_Archive/Museo/PIEZA_MARZO_2024_Anforas_turdetanas.pdf Breve panorámica sobre las familias tipológicas y orígenes de las conocidas como "ánforas turdetanas", es decir, de los contenedores cerámicos... more
https://www.jerez.es/fileadmin/Image_Archive/Museo/PIEZA_MARZO_2024_Anforas_turdetanas.pdf
Breve panorámica sobre las familias tipológicas y orígenes de las conocidas como "ánforas turdetanas", es decir, de los contenedores cerámicos de transporte del suroeste peninsular durante la II Edad del Hierro y los inicios de la etapa romana republicana. Presentación inicial de los resultados del estudio en curso de los materiales de las excavaciones de M. Esteve Guerrero en Mesas de Asta (1940-1950s), y nuevas propuestas en torno a las ánforas que debió producir la ciudad de Asta Regia y su territorio dependiente, y a los circuitos económicos y tecnológicos en los cuales se desarrolló su repertorio a lo largo del I milenio a.C.
Breve panorámica sobre las familias tipológicas y orígenes de las conocidas como "ánforas turdetanas", es decir, de los contenedores cerámicos de transporte del suroeste peninsular durante la II Edad del Hierro y los inicios de la etapa romana republicana. Presentación inicial de los resultados del estudio en curso de los materiales de las excavaciones de M. Esteve Guerrero en Mesas de Asta (1940-1950s), y nuevas propuestas en torno a las ánforas que debió producir la ciudad de Asta Regia y su territorio dependiente, y a los circuitos económicos y tecnológicos en los cuales se desarrolló su repertorio a lo largo del I milenio a.C.
Research Interests:
Presentación de los primeros resultados de los trabajos arqueológicos (2018-2022) desarrollados en la necrópolis protohistórica de Mertola, en el sector ubicado en el área de Terreiro da Feira. Las prospecciones geofísicas y excavaciones... more
Presentación de los primeros resultados de los trabajos arqueológicos (2018-2022) desarrollados en la necrópolis protohistórica de Mertola, en el sector ubicado en el área de Terreiro da Feira. Las prospecciones geofísicas y excavaciones conducidas por el equipo de ERA Arqueología han permitido documentar la extensión del área funeraria e intervenir sobre un limitado número de sepulturas, que se fechan entre los siglos VI-V a.C. La arquitectura de los enterramientos, su disposición y los materiales muebles asociados indican una conexión con otros espacios funerarios regionales y del "mundo ibérico", así como una comunidad abierta al comercio y las modas mediterráneas, tal y como sugieren las importaciones (vajillas griegas, gaditanas, etc., y ánforas turdetanas).
Research Interests: Funerary Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Iron Age (Archaeology), Greek Pottery, and 8 moreLusitania (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Attic pottery, and Turdetania
En la historiografía predominante el mundo egeo antiguo se ha presentado como una esfera cultural y económicamente interconectada con otras áreas del mundo grecolatino, pero aparentemente aislada o incluso contrapuesta a otras culturas y... more
En la historiografía predominante el mundo egeo antiguo se ha presentado como una esfera cultural y económicamente interconectada con otras áreas del mundo grecolatino, pero aparentemente aislada o incluso contrapuesta a otras culturas y circuitos económicos. Puntualmente, se ha puesto el acento en ciertas relaciones esporádicas, intereses comunes específicos o movimientos de gentes, ideas y productos que no fueron significativos ni en volumen ni en su proyección para la definición de las principales características del “río de la Historia” del Mediterráneo antiguo y sus periferias.
En los últimos años se viene llamando la atención sobre la necesidad de repensar estas conexiones tanto sobre la base de una revisión crítica de las fuentes escritas y epigráficas como, sobre todo, a partir del caudal creciente de indicadores arqueológicos disponibles relativos al tránsito de personas y bienes exógenos en el Egeo del I milenio a.C. y primera mitad del I milenio d.C. Esta sesión pretende, a través de 4 comunicaciones, presentar y discutir de manera diacrónica algunos contextos y materiales arqueológicos, con el objetivo de contribuir a este interesante debate histórico. Las comunicaciones se centrarán en el análisis de ítems y yacimientos clave para demostrar que los habitantes del Egeo consumieron con frecuencia alimentos (transportados en ánforas) y otros elementos fabricados en la Península Ibérica, el norte de África o el Levante mediterráneo (Fenicia, Chipre, Egipto, Anatolia, etc.), y que estas pautas de consumo tuvieron una incidencia importante en la “globalización” de ideas y costumbres, homogeneizando la cuenca mediterránea en cuestiones transversales tan trascedentes como la gestión y preparación de alimentos(desde los ingredientes a las formas de cocinarlos, el uso de distintos útiles de cocina, instalaciones, la forma y espacios de consumo, etc.).
Se abordará el estudio de casos concretos, como Atenas, Corinto o Éfeso, y también visiones relacionadas con las rutas comerciales que nos aportan los pecios, o visiones más generales de toda la región, poniendo el foco sobre todo en los indicadores arqueológicos más abundantes (ánforas, ungüentarios y otros recipientes), pero sin dejar de lado otras fuentes históricas (literarias, epigráficas, numismáticas, etc.). Las comunicaciones e informaciones presentadas son resultado de los proyectos “GREPURE - Grecia Púnica Redescubierta. Análisis histórico-arqueológico y sistematización online de la presencia fenicio-púnica en el Egeo antiguo” (2020-2023, FBBVA y Universidad de Sevilla) y “Far from Home. Hispanic Commodities in a Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean” (Programa ‘Talento Comunidad de Madrid 2020’ ‐ T1/HUM‐20186)
En los últimos años se viene llamando la atención sobre la necesidad de repensar estas conexiones tanto sobre la base de una revisión crítica de las fuentes escritas y epigráficas como, sobre todo, a partir del caudal creciente de indicadores arqueológicos disponibles relativos al tránsito de personas y bienes exógenos en el Egeo del I milenio a.C. y primera mitad del I milenio d.C. Esta sesión pretende, a través de 4 comunicaciones, presentar y discutir de manera diacrónica algunos contextos y materiales arqueológicos, con el objetivo de contribuir a este interesante debate histórico. Las comunicaciones se centrarán en el análisis de ítems y yacimientos clave para demostrar que los habitantes del Egeo consumieron con frecuencia alimentos (transportados en ánforas) y otros elementos fabricados en la Península Ibérica, el norte de África o el Levante mediterráneo (Fenicia, Chipre, Egipto, Anatolia, etc.), y que estas pautas de consumo tuvieron una incidencia importante en la “globalización” de ideas y costumbres, homogeneizando la cuenca mediterránea en cuestiones transversales tan trascedentes como la gestión y preparación de alimentos(desde los ingredientes a las formas de cocinarlos, el uso de distintos útiles de cocina, instalaciones, la forma y espacios de consumo, etc.).
Se abordará el estudio de casos concretos, como Atenas, Corinto o Éfeso, y también visiones relacionadas con las rutas comerciales que nos aportan los pecios, o visiones más generales de toda la región, poniendo el foco sobre todo en los indicadores arqueológicos más abundantes (ánforas, ungüentarios y otros recipientes), pero sin dejar de lado otras fuentes históricas (literarias, epigráficas, numismáticas, etc.). Las comunicaciones e informaciones presentadas son resultado de los proyectos “GREPURE - Grecia Púnica Redescubierta. Análisis histórico-arqueológico y sistematización online de la presencia fenicio-púnica en el Egeo antiguo” (2020-2023, FBBVA y Universidad de Sevilla) y “Far from Home. Hispanic Commodities in a Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean” (Programa ‘Talento Comunidad de Madrid 2020’ ‐ T1/HUM‐20186)
Research Interests:
Conferencia impartida en el marco de la docencia del Master Universitario en Investigación Arqueológica (UCM, 29 de marzo de 2023), acerca de los resultados de investigaciones geoarqueológicas llevadas a cabo en los últimos años en las... more
Conferencia impartida en el marco de la docencia del Master Universitario en Investigación Arqueológica (UCM, 29 de marzo de 2023), acerca de los resultados de investigaciones geoarqueológicas llevadas a cabo en los últimos años en las áreas litorales del sur de la bahía gaditana.
Research Interests:
Full presentation in YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_ApW-5LteI&t=9s Description of the goals, methodology and preliminary results of the GREPURE Project, focused on mapping and studying the archaeological and historical... more
Full presentation in YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_ApW-5LteI&t=9s
Description of the goals, methodology and preliminary results of the GREPURE Project, focused on mapping and studying the archaeological and historical evidence of the presence and contact of Phoenician and Punic communities in the Aegean in Antiquity. Funded by the BBVA Foundation (Call 2019, Logos Program).
Description of the goals, methodology and preliminary results of the GREPURE Project, focused on mapping and studying the archaeological and historical evidence of the presence and contact of Phoenician and Punic communities in the Aegean in Antiquity. Funded by the BBVA Foundation (Call 2019, Logos Program).
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Fish Remains (Zooarchaeology), Greek Archaeology, and 8 moreUnderwater Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Corinth, Cultural hybridity, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archeologia Fenicio-Punica, and Cultural contact between Greeks and Phoenicians
Research Interests:
https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/jean-pierre-brun/symposium-2021-2022.htm The production and use of amphorae in the Phoenician world was a very important economic sector, both in the Levant and in all the areas colonized by the... more
https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/jean-pierre-brun/symposium-2021-2022.htm
The production and use of amphorae in the Phoenician world was a very important economic sector, both in the Levant and in all the areas colonized by the Phoenicians since the early 1st millennium BC and in the urban communities that developed in these areas on the basis of such colonial roots. Amphorae were an indispensable tool for transporting products such as wine, olive oil or salted fish, which were not only in great demand but also played an essential role in the economies of most of the Phoenician and Punic cities of the West. These amphorae were manufactured both in Carthage and its area of influence and in Gadir and its "Atlantic circle", following certain size, weight and capacity standards, adapting in each case the oriental traditions to the local regulations and needs. In this context, the production (in parallel to the "normal size" containers) of small-sized versions, interpreted in many cases as "miniatures" closer to household plain wares, without an economic value similar to that of their prototypes, was observed long ago. Their frequent finding in cult contexts (as offerings) and especially in funerary areas (necropolises and tofets) suggested this functional connection, and some scholars considered that their manufacture was specifically intended for this function as votives. In recent years, the study of a large group of items in Cadiz (the ancient Gadir) and in the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula has allowed to refute the idea that in this area they were used in funerary contexts, and in turn has confirmed that the "miniatures" reproduced in detail the profiles of the amphorae of normal size, with capacities that are divisors of the same capacity standard for liquids. The distribution of these small amphorae, which includes findings both on land and underwater in various parts of the region, also supports that they were not only used as votive offerings in the maritime sanctuaries of the Bay of Cadiz, but may also have been used for commercial purposes. The aim of the paper will therefore be to discuss the available archaeological evidence and, in the absence of additional sources (epigraphic, literary, etc.), to place these data from Cadiz in the general context of the production of small amphorae in the Phoenician-Punic world, tracing the possible existence of "commercial samples".
The production and use of amphorae in the Phoenician world was a very important economic sector, both in the Levant and in all the areas colonized by the Phoenicians since the early 1st millennium BC and in the urban communities that developed in these areas on the basis of such colonial roots. Amphorae were an indispensable tool for transporting products such as wine, olive oil or salted fish, which were not only in great demand but also played an essential role in the economies of most of the Phoenician and Punic cities of the West. These amphorae were manufactured both in Carthage and its area of influence and in Gadir and its "Atlantic circle", following certain size, weight and capacity standards, adapting in each case the oriental traditions to the local regulations and needs. In this context, the production (in parallel to the "normal size" containers) of small-sized versions, interpreted in many cases as "miniatures" closer to household plain wares, without an economic value similar to that of their prototypes, was observed long ago. Their frequent finding in cult contexts (as offerings) and especially in funerary areas (necropolises and tofets) suggested this functional connection, and some scholars considered that their manufacture was specifically intended for this function as votives. In recent years, the study of a large group of items in Cadiz (the ancient Gadir) and in the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula has allowed to refute the idea that in this area they were used in funerary contexts, and in turn has confirmed that the "miniatures" reproduced in detail the profiles of the amphorae of normal size, with capacities that are divisors of the same capacity standard for liquids. The distribution of these small amphorae, which includes findings both on land and underwater in various parts of the region, also supports that they were not only used as votive offerings in the maritime sanctuaries of the Bay of Cadiz, but may also have been used for commercial purposes. The aim of the paper will therefore be to discuss the available archaeological evidence and, in the absence of additional sources (epigraphic, literary, etc.), to place these data from Cadiz in the general context of the production of small amphorae in the Phoenician-Punic world, tracing the possible existence of "commercial samples".
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 9 moreUnderwater Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, and La Caleta
Full Video (in Spanish): https://youtu.be/ZOHT8xKqNXQ Mesa redonda organizada por la Real Academia de San Romualdo de Ciencias, Letras y Artes de San Fernando titulada 'De Estrabón a la teledetección. Nuevas propuestas sobre el paisaje... more
Full Video (in Spanish): https://youtu.be/ZOHT8xKqNXQ
Mesa redonda organizada por la Real Academia de San Romualdo de Ciencias, Letras y Artes de San Fernando titulada 'De Estrabón a la teledetección. Nuevas propuestas sobre el paisaje del entorno de San Fernando en la antigüedad', celebrada el 1 de febrero de 2022 y añadida al programa oficial del curso académico
Mesa redonda organizada por la Real Academia de San Romualdo de Ciencias, Letras y Artes de San Fernando titulada 'De Estrabón a la teledetección. Nuevas propuestas sobre el paisaje del entorno de San Fernando en la antigüedad', celebrada el 1 de febrero de 2022 y añadida al programa oficial del curso académico
Research Interests:
An update on the study of the Triton shell horns in the Phoenician and Punic world, from the Levant to the Atlantic area.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Music Archaeology, Faunal Remains, and 10 moreGadir, Gades, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Malacology (Archaeology), History of fishing gears and fisheries, Ancient Soundscapes, Ancient fishing instruments, Triton Shell-horns, and Archaeology of Sound
Available in Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4nefXEh3Fg Reflexiones y nuevos datos sobre la evolución de diversos aspectos clave de la economía de Gadir y de las ciudades fenicio-púnicas occidentales, con atención específica... more
Available in Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4nefXEh3Fg
Reflexiones y nuevos datos sobre la evolución de diversos aspectos clave de la economía de Gadir y de las ciudades fenicio-púnicas occidentales, con atención específica sobre las transformaciones de diversas tecnologías vinculadas a la explotación del mar y sus recursos. El diseño y los modos de construcción de los hornos cerámicos, la "cadena operativa" de los talleres alfareros, la gestión de los recursos vegetales asociados a esta actividad, o el desarrollo de los saladeros y de las "piletas de salazón", entre otros, centrarán este discurso que no pretende realizar un recorrido histórico sino más bien un examen técnológico diacrónico apoyándose en resultados arqueométricos y en la experimentación física y digital.
Reflexiones y nuevos datos sobre la evolución de diversos aspectos clave de la economía de Gadir y de las ciudades fenicio-púnicas occidentales, con atención específica sobre las transformaciones de diversas tecnologías vinculadas a la explotación del mar y sus recursos. El diseño y los modos de construcción de los hornos cerámicos, la "cadena operativa" de los talleres alfareros, la gestión de los recursos vegetales asociados a esta actividad, o el desarrollo de los saladeros y de las "piletas de salazón", entre otros, centrarán este discurso que no pretende realizar un recorrido histórico sino más bien un examen técnológico diacrónico apoyándose en resultados arqueométricos y en la experimentación física y digital.
Research Interests: Experimental Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), History of Technology, Virtual Archaeology, and 10 morePhoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Ancient economy, Gadir, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Pottery kilns, Fish processing Technology, Lime mortars and plasters, and Tuna Fisheries
First results of the archaeometric studies conducted on the amphorae and red slip finewares produced in Málaga area from late Archaic to late Hellenistic times. Some case studies will be considered, such as local pottery workshops and... more
First results of the archaeometric studies conducted on the amphorae and red slip finewares produced in Málaga area from late Archaic to late Hellenistic times. Some case studies will be considered, such as local pottery workshops and consumption contexts, and also finds from the Punic Amphora Building excavated at Corinth (Greece), where several Punic amphorae from Malaga have been identified.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Phoenicians, Archaeometry, and 10 moreIron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Greek Pottery, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Hellenistic Pottery, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Pottery kilns, Phoenician trade, Straits of Gibraltar, and Malaka
La Bahía de Cádiz y su contexto marítimo-subacuático: La Caleta, un espacio diacrónico de uso (9 de octubre de 2019) Centro de Arqueología Subacuática (IAPH) Archivo Histórico Provincial de Cádiz Organizador: Proyecto I+D... more
La Bahía de Cádiz y su contexto marítimo-subacuático: La Caleta, un espacio diacrónico de uso (9 de octubre de 2019)
Centro de Arqueología Subacuática (IAPH)
Archivo Histórico Provincial de Cádiz
Organizador: Proyecto I+D HAR2016-79387-P "El contexto arqueológico-subacuático de la Caleta y su entorno (Cádiz): puertos y pecios vertebradores de una ciudad y de un territorio".
Centro de Arqueología Subacuática (IAPH)
Archivo Histórico Provincial de Cádiz
Organizador: Proyecto I+D HAR2016-79387-P "El contexto arqueológico-subacuático de la Caleta y su entorno (Cádiz): puertos y pecios vertebradores de una ciudad y de un territorio".
Research Interests:
Long after the last Neanderthals and Neolithic communities ceased to inhabit or frequent Gorham’s Cave, after an apparent period of abandonment, the cavity again recorded human activity from the beginning of Phoenician colonization of the... more
Long after the last Neanderthals and Neolithic communities ceased to inhabit or frequent Gorham’s Cave, after an apparent period of abandonment, the cavity again recorded human activity from the beginning of Phoenician colonization of the Strait of Gibraltar region and the Atlantic. Since the beginning of the first millennium BC sailors and merchants in transit from or towards the ocean visited the cave to deposit offerings through which, thanks to archaeological research developed in recent years, it is possible to verify the presence of Egyptian, Levantine Phoenician, Greek, Carthaginian, Ibizan or regional commodities and sumptuous goods. It was therefore an international sanctuary, strongly linked to navigation, but whose liturgy and dedication remain poorly known due to the lack of both archaeological and literary testimonies. These religious practices continued in the cave until the nearby Carteia was refounded by the Romans in 171 BC, date from which Roman religious practices would have succeeded, until Gorham would cease to be visited during the second century BC. In any case, the site constitutes an exceptional case study of this type of Mediterranean caves-sanctuary, providing testimonies of enormous transcendence not only in relation to the cult activities but also to the circulation of products, people and ideas through the ancient Pillars of Heracles/Melqart.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Phoenicians, Gibraltar, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Carthage (Archaeology), and 9 moreArchaeology of Caves and Caverns (Archaeospeleology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Greek Pottery, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Iron Age, Phoenician Maritime Religion, Phoenician Punic Religion, Straits of Gibraltar, and Gorham's Cave
Curso de Verano de la Universidad de Murcia: I Seminario Internacional. La Industria de las Salazones en el Sureste hispano en la Antigüedad. Nuevas Perspectivas de Estudio desde la Arqueología (Águilas, 9-11 de Septiembre 2019) A.... more
Curso de Verano de la Universidad de Murcia:
I Seminario Internacional. La Industria de las Salazones en el Sureste hispano en la Antigüedad. Nuevas Perspectivas de Estudio desde la Arqueología (Águilas, 9-11 de Septiembre 2019)
A. Quevedo y J. D. Hernández (dirs.)
I Seminario Internacional. La Industria de las Salazones en el Sureste hispano en la Antigüedad. Nuevas Perspectivas de Estudio desde la Arqueología (Águilas, 9-11 de Septiembre 2019)
A. Quevedo y J. D. Hernández (dirs.)
Research Interests:
Breve presentación de los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo desde el año 2013 sobre actuaciones arqueológicas recientes desarrolladas en el área de La Caleta, así como de los estudios de materiales depositados en el Museo... more
Breve presentación de los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo desde el año 2013 sobre actuaciones arqueológicas recientes desarrolladas en el área de La Caleta, así como de los estudios de materiales depositados en el Museo de Cádiz de idéntica procedencia.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Coastal and Island Archaeology, Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Underwater Archaeology, and 11 morePhoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Ancient Shipwrecks, Gadir, Gades, Roman Amphorae, Maritime and Underwater Archaeology, Cádiz, Ancient Ports and Harbours, Roman Archaeology, and La Caleta
En los años setenta del siglo XX fue descubierto en la importante ciudad portuaria griega de Corinto un edificio con unas características singulares, entre las cuales destacaba la enorme abundancia de ánforas púnicas encontradas y su... more
En los años setenta del siglo XX fue descubierto en la importante ciudad portuaria griega de Corinto un edificio con unas características singulares, entre las cuales destacaba la enorme abundancia de ánforas púnicas encontradas y su asociación a restos de espinas y escamas. Los primeros análisis sugerían que éstas provenían de las ciudades de la región del Estrecho de Gibraltar, lo que convertía al inmueble en un contexto excepcional por ser el único lugar de estas características conocido. Las ánforas habían transportado hasta Grecia las famosas salazones de atún fabricadas en la bahía gaditana (en chancas diseminadas por las actuales Cádiz, El Puerto, etc., en lugares como Las Redes o Pinar Hondo). Desde 2014 se está estudiando sistemáticamente la relación comercial entre ambas ciudades, así como el edificio y la procedencia exacta de las ánforas, los productos que transportaban, etc., y poniendo en relación las alfarerías y los saladeros de pescado gaditanos con los hallazgos de Corinto, que atestiguan que en la época de las guerras con los persas, de Pericles y de la rivalidad entre Atenas y Esparta, el atún gaditano era una exquisitez consumida por las élites griegas con gran deleite en tabernas como la localizada en Corinto.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Greek Archaeology, Archaeology of salt, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), and 8 morePhoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Corinth, Roman fishing and fish processing, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Phoenician and Punic Amphorae, and Salted fish industries
Seminario: La ruta de las Estrímnides: comercio mediterráneo e interculturalidad en el noroeste de Iberia – 13 Septiembre 2018 Heródoto, Pseudo-Aristóteles y posteriormente Diodoro de Sicilia, Estrabón, Plinio y otros autores tardíos,... more
Seminario: La ruta de las Estrímnides: comercio mediterráneo e interculturalidad en el noroeste de Iberia – 13 Septiembre 2018
Heródoto, Pseudo-Aristóteles y posteriormente Diodoro de Sicilia, Estrabón, Plinio y otros autores tardíos, mencionan la existencia de un archipiélago denominado Casitérides, en alusión a la abundancia de estaño, ubicado más allá de Iberia, en un lugar ignoto del océano Atlántico. Algunos de estos autores atribuyeron el comercio del estaño a los fenicios de Gadir, a los cartagineses (periplo de Himilcón) y a los tartesios, que intervendrían como intermediarios en su distribución por el Mediterráneo.
Por su parte, la historiografía europea de los siglos XIX y XX centró la investigación del tema en la localización de estas islas en diversas áreas geográficas: Galicia, Bretaña o Gran Bretaña, las áreas tradicionales de proveniencia de este metal.
La investigación arqueológica, sin embargo, ha participado poco en este debate por diversos motivos recientemente las excavaciones arqueológicas en el norte de Portugal y en las Rías Bajas gallegas han abierto nuevas líneas de trabajo ante la documentación de numerosos contextos en los que se registra sistemáticamente la presencia fenicia.
Se presentan en este coloquio diversos aspectos desarrollados en el Proyecto Estrímnides: el contexto de la expansión fenicia en el Atlántico, los medios náuticos que la hicieron posible, las comunidades con las que establecieron contactos, las estrategias y los mecanismos de interacción, y las distintas fases desde el Hierro I hasta época romana republicana.
Heródoto, Pseudo-Aristóteles y posteriormente Diodoro de Sicilia, Estrabón, Plinio y otros autores tardíos, mencionan la existencia de un archipiélago denominado Casitérides, en alusión a la abundancia de estaño, ubicado más allá de Iberia, en un lugar ignoto del océano Atlántico. Algunos de estos autores atribuyeron el comercio del estaño a los fenicios de Gadir, a los cartagineses (periplo de Himilcón) y a los tartesios, que intervendrían como intermediarios en su distribución por el Mediterráneo.
Por su parte, la historiografía europea de los siglos XIX y XX centró la investigación del tema en la localización de estas islas en diversas áreas geográficas: Galicia, Bretaña o Gran Bretaña, las áreas tradicionales de proveniencia de este metal.
La investigación arqueológica, sin embargo, ha participado poco en este debate por diversos motivos recientemente las excavaciones arqueológicas en el norte de Portugal y en las Rías Bajas gallegas han abierto nuevas líneas de trabajo ante la documentación de numerosos contextos en los que se registra sistemáticamente la presencia fenicia.
Se presentan en este coloquio diversos aspectos desarrollados en el Proyecto Estrímnides: el contexto de la expansión fenicia en el Atlántico, los medios náuticos que la hicieron posible, las comunidades con las que establecieron contactos, las estrategias y los mecanismos de interacción, y las distintas fases desde el Hierro I hasta época romana republicana.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Galician Studies, Maritime History, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 9 moreMaritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, and Turdetania
Workshop at the Faculdade de Letras (Oporto, december 2018)
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Since ancient times several areas of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea were outlined because of their fishing wealth and the existence of flourishing businesses based on the manufacture and trade of salted fish by-products, including... more
Since ancient times several areas of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea were outlined because of their fishing wealth and the existence of flourishing businesses based on the manufacture and trade of salted fish by-products, including some cities that reached an international fame (Byzantium, Panormos, Gadir). Great debates have marked the scientific historiography about the origins, diffusion, characteristics and importance of the "industrial fishing” and the consumption of products derived from it (the best known, garum). In spite of the great interest aroused by these questions in the last decades, the origin of this activity, attributed to Greeks and Phoenicians is still far from being fully clarified. In the same way, the discussion about the rise of processed fish production in the first half of the 1st millennium BC remains open (fishing as a sustenance activity?). In the Classical Period salted fish became a luxury food (some categories) and then opened to a wider range of consumers during Hellenism. Other discussions are also active, such as the local or regional recipes for these salted fish and sauces, the supplying for salt, quantifying the volume of product generated or the relationship of their transport with specific amphorae types. The interest on these issues has so far been uneven, so this paper offers a general overview of the development of "industry" throughout the 1st millennium BC in the Mediterranean area.
Research Interests: Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Greek Archaeology, Archaeology of salt, and 11 moreUnderwater Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Cooking and Food Preparation (archaeology), Iron Age, Archaeology of food, Roman fishing and fish processing, Ancient Fishing, Fish processing Technology, and Ancient Maritime Trade Routes
This is an essential research line for the reconstruction of the regional economy of the 1st millennium BCE, at its peak in the last two decades, but that nevertheless is developed in a very asymmetrical form in the diverse interconnected... more
This is an essential research line for the reconstruction of the regional economy of the 1st millennium BCE, at its peak in the last two decades, but that nevertheless is developed in a very asymmetrical form in the diverse interconnected settlements in the area. On the one hand, since the arrival of the Phoenicians the production of transport amphorae was constant and there is a rich bibliography concerning the typological evolution of the containers and the characteristics and location of the kilns in sites such as the Bay of Cadiz and Malaga's coastline. On the other hand, there are sites or areas with a smaller development of the research, or where arbitrary reasons have resulted in less information about their amphorae forms or pottery production infrastructures (such as the southwest coast of Iberia, the Guadalquivir Valley or Carteia, to cite a few examples). Finally, it is possible to recognize a third set of zones in which the investigation of these issues is still very embryonic, with little information available on the amphorae types or its manufacturing centers (for instance, the rest of the eastern coast of Andalusia, or of the north of present-day Morocco). In any case, it is evident that the production of amphorae was a very widespread and important activity both in the port hubs and in the main river valleys, facilitating trade in many products such as olive oil, wine and especially salted fish.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Ancient economies (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, and 9 moreAncient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Roman fishing and fish processing, Tartessos, Mauretania Tingitana, Wine and Olive Oil Production, Pottery kilns, Wine and Olive Oil Production (archaeology), and Turdetania
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Phoenicians, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), and 7 morePhoenician and Punic Studies, Archeologia Fenicio-Punica, Cultura Castrexa, Phoenician trade, Castros Culture in Nortwestern Iberia, Punic Archaeology, and Phoenician Punic Religion
The production of amphorae and salted fish in the Phoenician cities in the western Mediterranean prior to the Roman imperial era is a phenomenon widely documented by Greek literary sources throughout the Classical and Hellenistic... more
The production of amphorae and salted fish in the Phoenician cities in the western Mediterranean prior to the Roman imperial era is a phenomenon widely documented by Greek literary sources throughout the Classical and Hellenistic periods, but which has received less attention than that given to the Roman Imperial canning industry. This secondary role has also been accentuated by the peripheral character of these Punic cities with respect to the major political hubs of the central Mediterranean (Rome and Carthage) and of their areas of direct economic influence before the 2nd century BC, and therefore of those considered as main commercial routes of the Classical and Hellenistic times.
However, since the early 1980s there have been numerous excavations in amphorae production sites and fish-processing factories, especially in the Bay of Cadiz, which have not only corroborated their relevance – suggested by literary sources –, but to archaeologically characterise the technology of the production centres, the various types of amphorae, etc. At the same time, findings such as those recorded at the Punic Amphora Building in Corinth (Greece) in 1977–1979 underscored the importance of bluefin tuna as the main product of Gadir’s factories, suggesting a possible primacy of solid salted products (tarichos) as the main manufactured foodstuffs marketed in the 5th to 3rd centuries BC. The data accumulated during the last forty years consequently allows drawing a quite different picture from the previous information gap, describing a group of coastal cities with large infrastructures dedicated to fishing, salting, and the production of amphorae before the arrival of Rome to the West. Key aspects such as technological characteristics and management and operating models of the manufacturing sites have been broadly studied.
In this scenario of renewed interest and growing accumulation of contextualised data, with a significant number of factories, kiln sites, and synthesis on the amphorae typologies already published, we consider that it is necessary to take further steps forward from the perspective of the quantification and the measurement of the impact of these activities on the economy of the coastal Punic cities of the Strait of Gibraltar area. Taking as a case study the infrastructures of the Bay of Cadiz between the 6th and 1st centuries BC, we propose a preliminary calculation of the annual production of transport vessels and salted fish.
The methodology used to achieve that goal consists in the use of virtual simulation and 3D reconstruction techniques that make possible estimates of the production capacity of the pottery kilns, the volume of salted fish that can be produced in the processing factories (vats), and the average volume of each type of amphora used in the transportation of marine preserves. These calculations are based on the remains of structures with reliable archaeological context, contrasted with ethnoarchaeological data and with experimental archaeology tests, allowing jointly to propose the basic quantitative capacities of the local production centres but also to compare these magnitudes with other variables such as merchant ships or the annual salt production.
However, since the early 1980s there have been numerous excavations in amphorae production sites and fish-processing factories, especially in the Bay of Cadiz, which have not only corroborated their relevance – suggested by literary sources –, but to archaeologically characterise the technology of the production centres, the various types of amphorae, etc. At the same time, findings such as those recorded at the Punic Amphora Building in Corinth (Greece) in 1977–1979 underscored the importance of bluefin tuna as the main product of Gadir’s factories, suggesting a possible primacy of solid salted products (tarichos) as the main manufactured foodstuffs marketed in the 5th to 3rd centuries BC. The data accumulated during the last forty years consequently allows drawing a quite different picture from the previous information gap, describing a group of coastal cities with large infrastructures dedicated to fishing, salting, and the production of amphorae before the arrival of Rome to the West. Key aspects such as technological characteristics and management and operating models of the manufacturing sites have been broadly studied.
In this scenario of renewed interest and growing accumulation of contextualised data, with a significant number of factories, kiln sites, and synthesis on the amphorae typologies already published, we consider that it is necessary to take further steps forward from the perspective of the quantification and the measurement of the impact of these activities on the economy of the coastal Punic cities of the Strait of Gibraltar area. Taking as a case study the infrastructures of the Bay of Cadiz between the 6th and 1st centuries BC, we propose a preliminary calculation of the annual production of transport vessels and salted fish.
The methodology used to achieve that goal consists in the use of virtual simulation and 3D reconstruction techniques that make possible estimates of the production capacity of the pottery kilns, the volume of salted fish that can be produced in the processing factories (vats), and the average volume of each type of amphora used in the transportation of marine preserves. These calculations are based on the remains of structures with reliable archaeological context, contrasted with ethnoarchaeological data and with experimental archaeology tests, allowing jointly to propose the basic quantitative capacities of the local production centres but also to compare these magnitudes with other variables such as merchant ships or the annual salt production.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Fisheries Management, Archaeology of salt, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), and 9 morePhoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), Roman fishing and fish processing, Gadir, Gades, Ancient Fishing, and Pottery kilns
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Until very recently the Greek and Punic cultural spheres have been considered as watertight compartments of the history of the classical Mediterranean, despite sharing the same scenario and the existence of conclusive evidence of cultural... more
Until very recently the Greek and Punic cultural spheres have been considered as watertight compartments of the history of the classical Mediterranean, despite sharing the same scenario and the existence of conclusive evidence of cultural transfer among them. Likewise, they have been analyzed as two monolithic blocks (each one homogenous in their cultural manifestations and even in their identity), despite the enormous diversity that can be seen not only in the original areas but also in the different communities that were involved in the colonial diaspora. In those colonial settings the interaction with other societies developed an original nature for the young urban centers. One of the lines of research that has contributed to break with this tendency has been the study of the Ancient Economies, and in particular those examining the consumption practices and their material evidence (transport vessels, tablewares, cooking wares, etc.). The influence of classical Greek models and patterns of consumption (and primarily the Attic pottery) is a pan-Mediterranean phenomenon increasingly well-known and better defined. However, there is still little information available about the existence of a bidirectional interaction to support the introduction in the Eastern Greek diet of habits or products coming from other major cultural spheres around the Mediterranean.
This contribution intends to take into account the case study offered by the cultural and commercial interaction established between the eastern Greek metropolis, the Punic settlements of the Strait of Gibraltar region (in the broadest sense), as well as the western communities that lived in their hinterland (integrated in different levels in the commercial networks and economic sphere of influence since the early Phoenician presence in the West). That interaction established between the Greek World and the West was based to a large degree in the supply of high quality salted tuna fish to the Greek cities, but ended up transcending to other scopes of cultural practices, especially culinary habits and commensality.
Especially, we will consider the reflection of this interaction in the western Punic cities evidenced by the consumption of Greek products and, above all, the formal/functional transformation of their finewares and cooking wares (as main material evidence of changes in the consumption patterns of its inhabitants). It will also be explored how these trends were filtered to the rest of the communities of Semitic origin that inhabited the interior of the ancient Tartéside, and especially, the influence on local communities.
This contribution intends to take into account the case study offered by the cultural and commercial interaction established between the eastern Greek metropolis, the Punic settlements of the Strait of Gibraltar region (in the broadest sense), as well as the western communities that lived in their hinterland (integrated in different levels in the commercial networks and economic sphere of influence since the early Phoenician presence in the West). That interaction established between the Greek World and the West was based to a large degree in the supply of high quality salted tuna fish to the Greek cities, but ended up transcending to other scopes of cultural practices, especially culinary habits and commensality.
Especially, we will consider the reflection of this interaction in the western Punic cities evidenced by the consumption of Greek products and, above all, the formal/functional transformation of their finewares and cooking wares (as main material evidence of changes in the consumption patterns of its inhabitants). It will also be explored how these trends were filtered to the rest of the communities of Semitic origin that inhabited the interior of the ancient Tartéside, and especially, the influence on local communities.
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In: XXXVI REUNIÓN DE CAMPO GAC‐AEQUA Y
WORKSHOP "AVANCES EN EL ESTUDIO DE MEDIOS SALINOS GEOMORFOLOGÍA, SUELOS Y ARQUEOLOGÍA"
27 y 28 de mayo de 2016 (Universidad de Sevilla)
WORKSHOP "AVANCES EN EL ESTUDIO DE MEDIOS SALINOS GEOMORFOLOGÍA, SUELOS Y ARQUEOLOGÍA"
27 y 28 de mayo de 2016 (Universidad de Sevilla)
Research Interests: Phoenicians, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, History of salt, and 8 moreArchaeology of salt, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Roman fishing and fish processing, Gadir, Fish-Salting, Phoenician trade, and Melqart
In: Les Phéniciens, les Puniques et les autres : échanges et identités entre le monde phénico-punique et les différents peuples de l’Orient ancien et du pourtour méditerranéen Journées d’étude organisées par Luisa. BONADIES, Iva.... more
In: Les Phéniciens, les Puniques et les autres : échanges et identités entre le monde phénico-punique et les différents peuples de l’Orient ancien et du pourtour méditerranéen
Journées d’étude organisées par Luisa. BONADIES, Iva. CHIRPANLIEVA et Elodie GUILLON
Maison de la recherche de l’Université de Paris Sorbonne
13-14 May 2016
Journées d’étude organisées par Luisa. BONADIES, Iva. CHIRPANLIEVA et Elodie GUILLON
Maison de la recherche de l’Université de Paris Sorbonne
13-14 May 2016
Research Interests: Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Phoenicians, Hybridity, Post-Colonialism, and 8 moreIron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Identity construction and cultural production, Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Pottery technology and function, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Phoenician trade, and Archaeology of Colonialism
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Panorámica general de los datos actualmente disponibles sobre el origen y evolución histórica en momentos prerromanos de la fabricación en el Extremo Occidente de salazones y otros derivados piscícolas, así como su rol en la economía y... more
Panorámica general de los datos actualmente disponibles sobre el origen y evolución histórica en momentos prerromanos de la fabricación en el Extremo Occidente de salazones y otros derivados piscícolas, así como su rol en la economía y redes de comercio de la época.
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Date: 30/07/2014
Advisor: Prof. Dr. Darío Bernal Casasola
Advisor: Prof. Dr. Darío Bernal Casasola
Research Interests: Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, and 11 moreAncient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Gadir, Gades, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, western Phoenician archaeology, Pottery kilns, Fish-Salting, Ancient Maritime Trade Routes, and Gaditanization
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Hellenistic Red slip tableware and Punic amphorae (T-11213) found at El Olivillo site (5th-3rd c. BC).
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Greek pottery found in the salvage excavations conducted in the "Colegio Mayor" backyard (Cadiz) by the University of Cadiz, dating to the 7th c. BC to the Hellenistic period.
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The southwest of the Iberian Peninsula during the 1st millennium BC was a key area of contact and connection between the Atlantic world and the diverse cultural, economic, political and religious spheres of the Mediterranean and the Near... more
The southwest of the Iberian Peninsula during the 1st millennium BC was a key area of contact and connection between the Atlantic world and the diverse cultural, economic, political and religious spheres of the Mediterranean and the Near East. Since the first contacts and the Phoenician settlement in the region, complex dynamics of hybridization with the local communities took place, radically transforming in a few generations the traditional lifestyle that had been widespread until then. Although the focus is usually placed on settlement patterns, funerary practices, diet, technologies and economic aspects of these contacts and changes, these were also very important in the religious sphere, both in beliefs, cults and rituals as well as with regard to the spaces dedicated to the divinities. Some of the main sanctuaries of the Iberian Protohistory were created in this region, generally identified as Tartessos, and a few experienced an unprecedented boom (not only in the religious sphere) during the Turdetan period, during the second Iron Age, until the Roman expansion to Iberia/Hispania. The sanctuaries located on the Atlantic coast, as well as those at the mouths of the main navigable rivers of the region, played a fundamental role in the historical process of the 1st millennium BC, as socio-economic hubs and territorial shapers. Among them, there is no lack of examples of cult centers with an outstanding importance beyond the regional framework, linked to the progress of the main coastal cities and the rise of maritime activities throughout the Iron Age and the Roman Republican period. However, despite the obvious interest and importance of these topics, in most cases research has been marked by the fragmentation of scientific knowledge, geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental projects detached from the archaeological analysis of the sites, limited integrated territorial studies, and insufficient information on the material culture excavated in the sanctuaries.
These research gaps, as well as the scarcity of literary and epigraphic sources that refer to these sacred landmarks, highlight the need to bring together in the same venue recent projects and findings, the re-study of old excavations and new perspectives on the evolution of coasts and estuaries, in order to overcome the state of the art and substantially improve the historical interpretation of the Iron Age coastal sanctuaries of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, the main goal of the conference is to gather specialists in Phoenician religion, material culture, coastal geoarchaeology, paleoenvironment and other related topics, in order to provide a forum for interdisciplinary discussion on the sanctuaries that were created and developed on the coast of southwestern Iberia during the 1st millennium B.C. Thus, the aim is to encourage debate on issues usually addressed separately, with little academic interaction, but crucial from a historical perspective. Among them, but not only: the evolution of the coast and of human settlement patterns on the coast; the paleoenvironment in which the sanctuaries developed their activity (and its alterations and causes); the architecture and other features of the sanctuaries; the material culture related to cult and ceremonial activities; the economic and commercial activity generated by/at the sanctuaries and their role in these aspects at the local-regional level; the relation of the sanctuaries with the surrounding cities and rural sites; the symbolic meaning of the sacralized locations and their socio-religious role in the local/regional communities; the observable similarities and differences between the sanctuaries of the southwest and their settlement, configuration, use and abandonment patterns, and the cult centers of the rest of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean world. The seminar offers the opportunity to present and discuss the results of recent or ongoing projects that are revealing significant novelties on the geoarchaeology and the protohistoric cult hubs of the main coastal sites and river estuaries of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula.
These research gaps, as well as the scarcity of literary and epigraphic sources that refer to these sacred landmarks, highlight the need to bring together in the same venue recent projects and findings, the re-study of old excavations and new perspectives on the evolution of coasts and estuaries, in order to overcome the state of the art and substantially improve the historical interpretation of the Iron Age coastal sanctuaries of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, the main goal of the conference is to gather specialists in Phoenician religion, material culture, coastal geoarchaeology, paleoenvironment and other related topics, in order to provide a forum for interdisciplinary discussion on the sanctuaries that were created and developed on the coast of southwestern Iberia during the 1st millennium B.C. Thus, the aim is to encourage debate on issues usually addressed separately, with little academic interaction, but crucial from a historical perspective. Among them, but not only: the evolution of the coast and of human settlement patterns on the coast; the paleoenvironment in which the sanctuaries developed their activity (and its alterations and causes); the architecture and other features of the sanctuaries; the material culture related to cult and ceremonial activities; the economic and commercial activity generated by/at the sanctuaries and their role in these aspects at the local-regional level; the relation of the sanctuaries with the surrounding cities and rural sites; the symbolic meaning of the sacralized locations and their socio-religious role in the local/regional communities; the observable similarities and differences between the sanctuaries of the southwest and their settlement, configuration, use and abandonment patterns, and the cult centers of the rest of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean world. The seminar offers the opportunity to present and discuss the results of recent or ongoing projects that are revealing significant novelties on the geoarchaeology and the protohistoric cult hubs of the main coastal sites and river estuaries of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Environmental History, and 12 moreCoastal Geomorphology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Archaeology of Religion, Coastal and Island Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Iron Age, Tartessos, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Phoenician Punic Religion, and Turdetania
En el marco del proyecto de investigación I+D+i: "Malaka, Maenoba y Rusaddir: Una historia de tres ciudades fenicio- púnicas del Mar de Alborán" (PID2020-114482GB-I00), un objetivo importante es el relativo a la caracterización... more
En el marco del proyecto de investigación I+D+i: "Malaka, Maenoba y Rusaddir: Una historia de tres ciudades fenicio- púnicas del Mar de Alborán" (PID2020-114482GB-I00), un objetivo importante es el relativo a la caracterización arqueométrica de las producciones cerámicas fenicio-púnicas de los territorios malacitanos. Cerro del Villar, Malaka y los enclaves del entorno de Vélez-Málaga son grandes centros alfareros cuyas producciones son relativamente bien conocidas (las “pastas tipo Málaga”) tanto en ámbitos locales como en otros bien aliejados como es el caso de Gadir (Teatro Cómico), Monte Molião (Lagos, Portugal), La Fonteta (Guardamar del Segura, Alicante) o Sa Caleta en Ibiza, e incluso en Cartago o el lejano islote de Mogador. A estos lugares hay que añadir, por su lejanía e implicaciones históricas el conocido como almacén o taberna de tàrichos de Corinto (Punic Amphora Building).
Son más de 300 muestras analizadas con diferentes técnicas (WD-XRF), lo que ha permitido distinguir entre diferentes grupos petrográficos, que a su vez formaban parte de macro-grupos ya conocidos, pero no identificados con este detalle. De este modo, una de las principales conclusiones de estos análisis arqueométricos, cabría decir que muy prácticas, es la posibilidad de diferenciar con mayor grado de fiabilidad las producciones de la bahía de Málaga con respecto de aquellas de Vélez-Málaga, e incluso también avanzar en la caracterización de las fábricas de lugares más cercanos como el Cerro del Villar y la periferia de la actual Málaga (Juan XXIII-La Unión, Martiricos). Desde un punto de vista más amplio, el mejor conocimiento de las producciones cerámicas malacitanas permite evaluar el peso que tuvieron estos centros productivos, controlados por los asentamientos arcaicos y luego por las poleis fenicias, en el comercio regional y, como se puede deducir de los resultados de los estudios en curso en Corinto, Olimpia y Atenas, también internacional.
Son más de 300 muestras analizadas con diferentes técnicas (WD-XRF), lo que ha permitido distinguir entre diferentes grupos petrográficos, que a su vez formaban parte de macro-grupos ya conocidos, pero no identificados con este detalle. De este modo, una de las principales conclusiones de estos análisis arqueométricos, cabría decir que muy prácticas, es la posibilidad de diferenciar con mayor grado de fiabilidad las producciones de la bahía de Málaga con respecto de aquellas de Vélez-Málaga, e incluso también avanzar en la caracterización de las fábricas de lugares más cercanos como el Cerro del Villar y la periferia de la actual Málaga (Juan XXIII-La Unión, Martiricos). Desde un punto de vista más amplio, el mejor conocimiento de las producciones cerámicas malacitanas permite evaluar el peso que tuvieron estos centros productivos, controlados por los asentamientos arcaicos y luego por las poleis fenicias, en el comercio regional y, como se puede deducir de los resultados de los estudios en curso en Corinto, Olimpia y Atenas, también internacional.
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Ancient economies (Archaeology), Archaeometry, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 9 moreArchaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Iron Age, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Gadir, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Pottery kilns, and Malaka
Welcome to the 5th Conference of the International Association for Research on Pottery of the Hellenistic Period “From East to West and Back Again: Societies, Economics and Ceramics in the Hellenistic World”. The main goal of the... more
Welcome to the 5th Conference of the International Association for Research on Pottery of the Hellenistic Period “From East to West and Back Again: Societies, Economics and Ceramics in the Hellenistic World”.
The main goal of the conference is to bring together researchers working all around the Mediterranean and adjacent areas to discuss the development of East-West connections in the Late Classical and Hellenistic periods through ceramics. Evidence for these developments may be revealed through typological changesto vessels and ceramic assemblages, as well as by archaeological evidence from shipwrecks and other specialized contexts related to production, consumption and trade patterns.
During the next four days, researchers will be sharing their works through ve different topic sessions, two specialized panels and video posters available all along the conference. Although we are looking forward to meeting again face-to-face, we hope that this virtual experience will be satisfying for you all.
The main goal of the conference is to bring together researchers working all around the Mediterranean and adjacent areas to discuss the development of East-West connections in the Late Classical and Hellenistic periods through ceramics. Evidence for these developments may be revealed through typological changesto vessels and ceramic assemblages, as well as by archaeological evidence from shipwrecks and other specialized contexts related to production, consumption and trade patterns.
During the next four days, researchers will be sharing their works through ve different topic sessions, two specialized panels and video posters available all along the conference. Although we are looking forward to meeting again face-to-face, we hope that this virtual experience will be satisfying for you all.
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Classics, Pottery (Archaeology), and 9 moreHellenistic History, Greek Pottery, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Hellenistic Pottery, Stamped Amphora handles, Classics: Ancient History and Archaeology, Pottery kilns, and Classical Antiquity
Dès le début de l'âge du Fer, diverses voies commerciales à longue distance reliaient la Méditerranée orientale et l'Atlantique, unissant les mondes levantins et grecs au reste du monde méditerranéen antique. Durant l'époque classique,... more
Dès le début de l'âge du Fer, diverses voies commerciales à longue distance reliaient la Méditerranée orientale et l'Atlantique, unissant les mondes levantins et grecs au reste du monde méditerranéen antique. Durant l'époque classique, cette connexion a stimulé les transferts de modes de consommation et de pratiques culinaires en Méditerranée, tout en introduisant de nouveaux produits sur les marchés orientaux. Cette situation a eu pour conséquence de mettre les sociétés de la fin de l’époque classique et de la période hellénistique en interaction constante d'un point de vue économique et culturel, en contribuant au développement de pratiques communes en matière de cuisine, notamment vis-à-vis des banquets, et à l’apparition d’un répertoire céramique en partie similaire. Des transferts technologiques et typologiques s’observent par ailleurs parmi des communautés aussi disparates que celles des territoires Grecs d’orient et d’occident, mais aussi chez les Carthaginois, les Puniques d’extrême occident, les Étrusques et de nombreux autres groupes, du Proche-Orient à la mer Noire, en passant par les colonnes d’Hercule. Ce processus de "mondialisation" ne concernait pas seulement la vaisselle fine et de cuisine, mais aussi les amphores, les céramiques communes, les matériaux de construction, les fours, l’implantation des ateliers ou les outils artisanaux, et doit être considéré comme un précédent important à l'expansion ultérieure de Rome, en tant que puissance hégémonique dans le monde méditerranéen et ses périphéries.
Ce congrès se propose de réunir les membres de la communauté scientifique internationale attachés à l’étude de la Méditerranée antique et des régions adjacentes, afin de discuter du développement des connexions Est-Ouest durant la fin de l’époque classique et la période hellénistique. Les indices de ces phénomènes peuvent être observés au travers des changements typologiques qui ont touché les assemblages céramiques, ainsi que par les données archéologiques offertes par l’étude des épaves et autres contextes spécifiques en lien avec les particularités des modes de production, celles des pratiques de consommation et le commerce.
Ce congrès se propose de réunir les membres de la communauté scientifique internationale attachés à l’étude de la Méditerranée antique et des régions adjacentes, afin de discuter du développement des connexions Est-Ouest durant la fin de l’époque classique et la période hellénistique. Les indices de ces phénomènes peuvent être observés au travers des changements typologiques qui ont touché les assemblages céramiques, ainsi que par les données archéologiques offertes par l’étude des épaves et autres contextes spécifiques en lien avec les particularités des modes de production, celles des pratiques de consommation et le commerce.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Classics, and 13 morePottery (Archaeology), Material Culture Studies, Ceramic Technology, Hellenistic History, Building Materials (Archaeology), Archaeometry, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Ceramics (Archaeology), Consumption and Material Culture, Greek Pottery, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Hellenistic Pottery, and Hispania
Desde los inicios de la Edad del Hierro en adelante, las rutas comerciales de larga distancia unieron el Mediterráneo Oriental con el Atlántico, y por consiguiente los mundos levantino y griego con el resto del Mar Mediterráneo. En la... more
Desde los inicios de la Edad del Hierro en adelante, las rutas comerciales de larga distancia unieron el Mediterráneo Oriental con el Atlántico, y por consiguiente los mundos levantino y griego con el resto del Mar Mediterráneo. En la Antigüedad Clásica, esa conexión estimuló los intercambios en el consumo y las prácticas culinarias en el Mediterráneo central y occidental, y al mismo tiempo introdujo nuevos productos en los mercados orientales. Como resultado, las sociedades de las épocas tardoclásica y helenística se integraron más desde el punto de vista económico y cultural, desarrollando prácticas comunes para la cocina, la comensalidad y la selección de cerámica para estos fines. La transferencia tecnológica y tipológica y las influencias también se pueden rastrear entre comunidades muy dispares, como los griegos occidentales y orientales, los cartagineses, los púnicos occidentales, los etruscos y muchos otros grupos desde el Próximo Oriente hasta el Mar Negro y más allá de las Columnas de Heracles. Este proceso de "globalización" no sólo se relaciona con las vajillas barnizadas o de cocina, sino también con las ánforas, las cerámicas comunes, los materiales de construcción, los hornos, la planificación de los talleres, las herramientas artesanales, etc., y debe considerarse un precedente importante para la posterior expansión de Roma como potencia hegemónica en el mundo mediterráneo y sus periferias. El objetivo principal del congreso es reunir a investigadores que trabajan en todo el Mediterráneo y en las zonas relacionadas para debatir el desarrollo de las conexiones Este-Oeste.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Classics, Pottery (Archaeology), Material Culture Studies, and 12 moreCeramic Technology, Hellenistic History, Roman Republic, Archaeometry, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Ceramics (Archaeology), Greek Pottery, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Hellenistic Pottery, Hispania, and Ancient Pottery Analysis
The main goal of the conference is to bring together researchers working all around the Mediterranean and adjacent areas in order to discuss the development of East-West connections in the Late Classical and Hellenistic periods. Evidence... more
The main goal of the conference is to bring together researchers working all around the Mediterranean and adjacent areas in order to discuss the development of East-West connections in the Late Classical and Hellenistic periods. Evidence for these developments may be revealed through typological changes to vessels and ceramic assemblages, as well as by archaeological evidence from shipwrecks and other specialized contexts related to consumption and trade patterns.
Topics of the Conference:
– Long-distance Trade Networks and Local Markets
– The Attic Legacy: Regional Development of Fine Ware Production
– Amphorae, Stamps, Tituli Picti and Graffiti: from Kiln Sites to Marketplaces
– Cuisine, Kitchens and Cooking Wares
– “Romanizing” the “Hellenized” Mediterranean? Evidence for Changing Tastes in the Late Hellenistic Period.
You may give a paper or a poster related to one of the above topics or participate in an organized
panel which is a new feature of this conference. You find details on the panels in the "Call for Papers" attached below. Each participant in the conference may give no more than two presentations, e.g. one paper in topic session and one poster or one paper in a topic session and one in a panel, etc. If you wish to submit a proposal for a panel or to present a paper or a poster, please send a completed registration form as well as a short abstract (max. 500 words) by the 31st of October 2020 to: conf5@iarpothp.org
The conference languages are English, French, German, Italian and exceptionally for the purposes of the 5th IARPotHP conference in Seville Spanish and Portuguese as well. Abstracts and texts in PowerPoint presentations will be in English.
Conference fee: for non-IARPotHP members € 50 (payment details will be announced later).
Topics of the Conference:
– Long-distance Trade Networks and Local Markets
– The Attic Legacy: Regional Development of Fine Ware Production
– Amphorae, Stamps, Tituli Picti and Graffiti: from Kiln Sites to Marketplaces
– Cuisine, Kitchens and Cooking Wares
– “Romanizing” the “Hellenized” Mediterranean? Evidence for Changing Tastes in the Late Hellenistic Period.
You may give a paper or a poster related to one of the above topics or participate in an organized
panel which is a new feature of this conference. You find details on the panels in the "Call for Papers" attached below. Each participant in the conference may give no more than two presentations, e.g. one paper in topic session and one poster or one paper in a topic session and one in a panel, etc. If you wish to submit a proposal for a panel or to present a paper or a poster, please send a completed registration form as well as a short abstract (max. 500 words) by the 31st of October 2020 to: conf5@iarpothp.org
The conference languages are English, French, German, Italian and exceptionally for the purposes of the 5th IARPotHP conference in Seville Spanish and Portuguese as well. Abstracts and texts in PowerPoint presentations will be in English.
Conference fee: for non-IARPotHP members € 50 (payment details will be announced later).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Classics, Pottery (Archaeology), and 15 moreMaterial Culture Studies, Hellenistic History, Roman Pottery, Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Greek Pottery, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Cooking and Food Preparation (archaeology), Romanization, Hellenistic Pottery, Archaeology of food, Pottery studies, Greek transport amphorae, and Attic pottery
One-day seminar on the recent developments on the study of the stamps sealed on Phoenician and Punic amphorae, focusing on the western Mediterranean and particular case studies such as Gadir (modern Cadiz Bay). Speakers will discuss the... more
One-day seminar on the recent developments on the study of the stamps sealed on Phoenician and Punic amphorae, focusing on the western Mediterranean and particular case studies such as Gadir (modern Cadiz Bay). Speakers will discuss the origin and development of this practice, but also its relation with other key economic aspects such as the rise of monetarized economies in the area or the changes developed after the Roman conquest (introduction of Latin inscriptions, changes in typologies of the ceramic vessels, etc.).
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Iconography, Pottery (Archaeology), Phoenicians, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), and 12 moreMaritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Amphorae (Archaeology), Ceramic Stamps, Gadir, Gades, Roman Amphorae, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Pottery kilns, Tituli Picti, and Dipinti on Amphoras
Seminario consistente en dos jornadas de tarde estructuradas en torno a sucesivas ponencias de corta duración (15 minutos cada una) seguidas de un turno de preguntas y debate (5 minutos). Estas conferencias serán impartidas por los... more
Seminario consistente en dos jornadas de tarde estructuradas en torno a sucesivas ponencias de corta duración (15 minutos cada una) seguidas de un turno de preguntas y debate (5 minutos). Estas conferencias serán impartidas por los responsables de los diferentes proyectos de investigación que en la actualidad desarrolla en diversos países y en el ámbito nacional el PDI adscrito al Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, incluyendo los propios proyectos promocionados por el departamento como parte de sus funciones docentes.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, and 8 moreBronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Greek Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caves and Caverns (Archaeospeleology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Iron Age, Copper age, and Roman Archaeology
Poster and program of the research seminar on funerary archaeology of the "Orientalizing" and Classical periods in south-western Iberian Peninsula. Pedro M.A. Albuquerque, Antonio M. Sáez Romero, Francisco J. García Fernández... more
Poster and program of the research seminar on funerary archaeology of the "Orientalizing" and Classical periods in south-western Iberian Peninsula.
Pedro M.A. Albuquerque, Antonio M. Sáez Romero, Francisco J. García Fernández (Universidad de Sevilla), Lúcia Miguel (ERA Arqueología)
Pedro M.A. Albuquerque, Antonio M. Sáez Romero, Francisco J. García Fernández (Universidad de Sevilla), Lúcia Miguel (ERA Arqueología)
Research Interests: Material Culture Studies, Phoenicians, Identity (Culture), Funerary Archaeology, Iron Age Iberian Peninsula (Archaeology), and 8 moreArchaeology of the Iberian Peninsula, Gender and identity (Archaeology), Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Archaeology of Identity, Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula, Tartessos, Phoenician and Punic Studies, and Necropolis
The processing of fish resources into marketable commodities and the production of transport amphorae for their distribution were economic activities developed in almost all corners of the Mediterranean in early stages of Antiquity,... more
The processing of fish resources into marketable commodities and the production of transport amphorae for their distribution were economic activities developed in almost all corners of the Mediterranean in early stages of Antiquity, although more widely known for the imperial Roman times.
However, for several decades the study of the evidence connected to the Greek and Phoenician-Punic worlds has made it possible to demonstrate on a material basis what was in principle only an intuition: that these activities played a prominent role in the Mediterranean economies of the 1st millennium BC. Thus, the fish-processing for consumption and its export in amphorae was long before Rome an important factor not only from the perspective of food supply but also linked to the interaction of technological and mercantile spheres between the main socio-cultural Mediterranean areas.
So far, the analysis of fishing, salted-fish and salt production or the manufacture of transport amphorae have been addressed in a compartmentalized way, without taking into account the fluid technological and commercial connections that would had taken place between different regions, particularly from the consolidation of the Phoenician and Greek colonization processes in the central and western Mediterranean between the 8th and 6th centuries BC. This session proposes an integrated discussion of the state of the art on fisheries, the manufacture of salted fish by-products, amphorae and, in general, ceramic production technologies on the Phoenician-Punic and Greek worlds during the 1st millennium BC. The main goal is to provide an up-to-date overview of these issues at the Mediterranean level, taking into account the main case studies, as well as to reflect on the diachronic evolution of these activities and their structural transformations during the initial phase of expansion of Republican Rome.
However, for several decades the study of the evidence connected to the Greek and Phoenician-Punic worlds has made it possible to demonstrate on a material basis what was in principle only an intuition: that these activities played a prominent role in the Mediterranean economies of the 1st millennium BC. Thus, the fish-processing for consumption and its export in amphorae was long before Rome an important factor not only from the perspective of food supply but also linked to the interaction of technological and mercantile spheres between the main socio-cultural Mediterranean areas.
So far, the analysis of fishing, salted-fish and salt production or the manufacture of transport amphorae have been addressed in a compartmentalized way, without taking into account the fluid technological and commercial connections that would had taken place between different regions, particularly from the consolidation of the Phoenician and Greek colonization processes in the central and western Mediterranean between the 8th and 6th centuries BC. This session proposes an integrated discussion of the state of the art on fisheries, the manufacture of salted fish by-products, amphorae and, in general, ceramic production technologies on the Phoenician-Punic and Greek worlds during the 1st millennium BC. The main goal is to provide an up-to-date overview of these issues at the Mediterranean level, taking into account the main case studies, as well as to reflect on the diachronic evolution of these activities and their structural transformations during the initial phase of expansion of Republican Rome.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Maritime History, and 27 moreMediterranean Studies, Mediterranean, History of the Mediterranean, Greek Archaeology, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), History of salt, Archaeology of salt, Roman Pottery Kilns, Fishing Gears, Mediterranean archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Ancient economy, Roman fishing and fish processing, Roman Amphorae, Ancient Fishing, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Punic Pottery, Pottery kilns, Fish processing Technology, Greek transport amphorae, Fishing Technology, Ancient Trade Routes, Salted fish industries, and Fish processing
Deadline for poster submission: 15 November 2015 More info and registration: workshop.ovoid.amphorae@gmail.com "A Family Business... The Ovoid Amphorae in the Central and Western Mediterranean Between the last two centuries of the... more
Deadline for poster submission: 15 November 2015
More info and registration: workshop.ovoid.amphorae@gmail.com
"A Family Business...
The Ovoid Amphorae in the Central and Western Mediterranean
Between the last two centuries of the Republic and the early days of the Roman Empire"
(Seville / San Fernando, 10-11 December 2015)
More info and registration: workshop.ovoid.amphorae@gmail.com
"A Family Business...
The Ovoid Amphorae in the Central and Western Mediterranean
Between the last two centuries of the Republic and the early days of the Roman Empire"
(Seville / San Fernando, 10-11 December 2015)
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Classics, Ancient economies (Archaeology), and 11 moreArchaeometry, Roman Pottery Kilns, Underwater Archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Mediterranean Underwater Archaeology, Romanization, Ceramic Petrography, Roman Amphorae, Ancient Roman economy, trade and commerce, Archaeology of Roman Wine, and Roman Archaeology
Extended abstract deadline: 15th November 2015 --------- Info and registration: workshop.ovoid.amphorae@gmail.com --------- The main goal of the workshop is to create a scientific forum for in-depth discussion about the complex formal... more
Extended abstract deadline: 15th November 2015 ---------
Info and registration: workshop.ovoid.amphorae@gmail.com ---------
The main goal of the workshop is to create a scientific forum for in-depth discussion about the complex formal universe of the so-called “Ovoid Amphorae Groups” produced in the central and western Mediterranean during the Late Republican and Early Imperial periods. The workshop will focus on a number of key topics including: typology and chronology; the geographical and formal origins – and mutual influences – of each type; amphora contents; and major commercial distribution patterns.
Also, based on the results of this meeting, we aim to publish a monograph which will stand as a core reference for the scientific community on the complex world of Roman Ovoid Amphorae.
Poster proposals regarding amphorae typologies, kiln sites, archaeometrical research on fabrics or contents or epigraphy (stamped or painted) are encouraged to participate. Although the workshop focuses on the western production of Roman ovoid amphorae groups, papers regarding the Eastern Mediterranean ovoid series will also be welcome.
Info and registration: workshop.ovoid.amphorae@gmail.com ---------
The main goal of the workshop is to create a scientific forum for in-depth discussion about the complex formal universe of the so-called “Ovoid Amphorae Groups” produced in the central and western Mediterranean during the Late Republican and Early Imperial periods. The workshop will focus on a number of key topics including: typology and chronology; the geographical and formal origins – and mutual influences – of each type; amphora contents; and major commercial distribution patterns.
Also, based on the results of this meeting, we aim to publish a monograph which will stand as a core reference for the scientific community on the complex world of Roman Ovoid Amphorae.
Poster proposals regarding amphorae typologies, kiln sites, archaeometrical research on fabrics or contents or epigraphy (stamped or painted) are encouraged to participate. Although the workshop focuses on the western production of Roman ovoid amphorae groups, papers regarding the Eastern Mediterranean ovoid series will also be welcome.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Archaeometry, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), and 15 moreRoman Pottery, Ceramics (Archaeology), Archaeology of Roman Hispania, Roman Pottery Kilns, Underwater Archaeology, Maritime Trade Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade, Amphorae (Archaeology), Mediterranean Underwater Archaeology, Ceramic Petrography, Stamped Amphora handles, Roman Amphorae, Maritime and Underwater Archaeology, and Roman Archaeology
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A synthesis of the historical results of the research project "Archaeological mapping of Northern morocco (2008-2012)" are shown in this paper
Research Interests:
The inventory and detailed information of the 204 archaeological sites & 62 isolated findings discovered or studied during the "Archaeological Mapping of Northern Morocco project (2008-2012)"
Research Interests:
Some data of the digs carried out in Baelo Claudia in 2005-2009 area shown, focused in the Eastern Wall and the Late Roman necropolis
Research Interests:
Compilation of articles and books on Roman pottery (Iberian Peninsula and rest of the Empire) between the years 2008 and 2013
Research Interests:
Compilation of articles and books on Roman pottery (Iberian Peninsula and rest of the Empire) between the years 2013 and 2015
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Maritime Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Levantine Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), and 7 moreAmphorae (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Iron Age, Culture Contact, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Red slip ware, and Archaeology of the Levant
Research Interests:
La obra que motiva estas líneas constituye un excelente ejemplo de una tendencia, afortunadamente cada vez más importante en las investigaciones arqueológicas de la región meridional hispana, consistente en esencia en que los estudios de... more
La obra que motiva estas líneas constituye un excelente ejemplo de una tendencia, afortunadamente cada vez más importante en las investigaciones arqueológicas de la región meridional hispana, consistente en esencia en que los estudios de materiales alcancen objetivos históricos muchos más ambiciosos que la mera elaboración de herramientas en forma de tipologías o de listados/mapas de distribución. Así, este estudio sobre una clase cerámica concreta deviene a lo largo de sus páginas en un interesante análisis sobre el periodo post-arcaico del Bajo Guadalquivir y sus relaciones con la bahía gaditana y el mundo mediterráneo, aportando una sugerente perspectiva basada en un riguroso examen de la evidencia material, que permite a la autora plantear diversas reflexiones e hipótesis sobre los cambios culturales operados en estas comunidades a lo largo de la segunda mitad del I milenio a.C.
Research Interests:
The aim of our contribution is to analyse the available archaeological record on a singular phenomenon recently detected in some castros in the Galician area: the presence of ´betyllic sanctuaries located in estuaries, in sites probably... more
The aim of our contribution is to analyse the available archaeological record on a singular phenomenon recently detected in some castros in the Galician area: the presence of ´betyllic sanctuaries located in estuaries, in sites probably linked to the drainage of the metalliferous resources that made this region famous in Antiquity. We briefly reflect on the characteristics of the sites and their role in the dynamics of commercial and cultural contact between the galaic communities and the Punic population of southern Iberia, especially Gadir, during the Second Iron Age, as possible free points with a similar functionality to the southern sanctuaries, although devoid of their monumentality.
Research Interests:
Cerro Macareno is a protohistoric tell located next to an ancient navigable branch of the Guadalquivir, upstream from Seville. It is mainly known from the salvage excavations carried out in the 1970s, due to the destruction to which it... more
Cerro Macareno is a protohistoric tell located next to an ancient navigable branch of the Guadalquivir, upstream from Seville. It is mainly known from the salvage excavations carried out in the 1970s, due to the destruction to which it was subjected by the exploitation of an aggregate quarry. These works brought to light an industrial area dating from the beginning of the 2nd Iron Age and made it possible to define the sequence of occupation of the ancient settlement, which began around the 8th century BC and ended in the early stages of Romanisation, at the end of the 2nd century BC. Forty years after the last excavations, in 2017 the University of Seville has resumed the study of this unique site through a research project. Special emphasis has been placed on the transitional stages, including the Roman-Republican phase, one of the worst-known periods in the region from an archaeological point of view. With regard to the latter, the excavation campaign carried out in 2018 allowed to document extensive and relatively undisturbed levels at shallow depths, which provided the opportunity to study domestic contexts at a time when the Turdetanian culture was in the midst of a process of transformation of socio-economic structures and ways of life, prior to the major changes that would take place during the 1st century BC.
Research Interests:
Presentamos un avance de los resultados de un proyecto en curso sobre la ocupación de Mértola en un momento de transición clave para entender el devenir histórico de la ciudad, como son los últimos siglos de la Edad del Hierro y el inicio... more
Presentamos un avance de los resultados de un proyecto en curso sobre la ocupación de Mértola en un momento de transición clave para entender el devenir histórico de la ciudad, como son los últimos siglos de la Edad del Hierro y el inicio de la romanización. Se trata de un periodo poco representado en el registro arqueológico conocido y musealizado, si bien se conocía desde hace años a través de materiales residuales procedentes de niveles posteriores, como el periodo altoimperial, tardoantiguo o medieval islámico. No obstante, las excavaciones realizadas a mediados de la pasada década en el solar de la Biblioteca Municipal han permitido documentar contextos primarios de finales de la Edad del Hierro y potentes depósitos de vertidos extramuros correspondientes a los primeros momentos de la presencia romana. Las evidencias proporcionadas ofrecen la oportunidad de estudiar en profundidad esta fase tan poco conocida de la antigua Myrtilis y conocer la dinámica comercial de su importante puerto.