Xavier Ramon
Xavier Ramon is a lecturer at the Department of Communication of Pompeu Fabra University. He holds a PhD in Communication from the UPF. His research and teaching focus on sports media, journalism ethics, media accountability and the Olympic Studies. He is currently a visiting researcher at the Sports Research Institute at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (IRE-UAB). He has been a post-doctoral visiting researcher at the University of Stirling (UK) and the University of Seville (Spain) and a pre-doctoral visiting researcher at the University of Glasgow (UK), the University of Alabama (USA), and the IOC Olympic Studies Centre (Switzerland).
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The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented health and communication crisis. Through digital platforms, there has been a huge circulation of false, inaccurate or decontextualized information about the coronavirus. Among them, it is worth mentioning the rumors, hoaxes and conspiracy theories about (1) the origin, spread and lethality of the virus; (2) recommendations and curative practices; and (3) management of the pandemic by public administrations and international organizations. In the current infodemic scenario, this research addresses how 8 fact-checking organizations have used
forma irreversible el sentido del pluralismo informativo. En la era de la deliberación digital, los cauces se multiplican y permiten
contrastar diversas perspectivas a través de una comunidad de usuarios internacional. Asimismo, las nuevas prácticas
participativas en la Web y las redes sociales exigen una mayor transparencia por parte de los medios de comunicación, que
ayude a los ciudadanos a tomar decisiones responsables. Empleando metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativas –encuesta a
profesionales y seis grupos de discusión con ciudadanos–, esta investigación tiene como propósito conocer la percepción
de periodistas y ciudadanos españoles sobre el pluralismo y, concretamente sobre la transparencia y la participación de los
usuarios en el ecosistema comunicativo actual. Los resultados señalan que ambos colectivos se muestran favorables a dar
a conocer los vínculos institucionales, comerciales y políticos de los medios de comunicación, pero son escépticos respecto
a que el entorno digital haya fomentado nuevas formas de transparencia, especialmente entre los medios tradicionales.
La opinión de periodistas y ciudadanía se distancia, sin embargo, en un elevado número de cuestiones planteadas. Para
los ciudadanos, la participación y la posibilidad de canalizar quejas y sugerencias a través de la web, Twitter y Facebook es
positiva y se configura como una práctica cada vez más frecuente. Sin embargo, los periodistas aún muestran una cierta
reticencia a interactuar con los lectores y a responder a sus comentarios en las redes sociales.
In a complex and ever-evolving landscape, the interaction that digital communication provides has irreversibly changed the
meaning of media pluralism. In the era of digital deliberation, channels have multiplied, allowing perspectives to be contrasted
across an international user community. Likewise, new participatory practices through the web and social networks
require greater transparency from media organizations, which helps citizens make responsible decisions. Using quantitative
and qualitative methodologies (a survey of professionals and six focus groups with citizens), this research aims to determine
the perception of Spanish journalists and citizens on pluralism and, specifically, transparency and user participation in the
current communication ecosystem. The results indicate that both groups favor the publicization of the institutional, commercial,
and political links of media outlets, but they are skeptical that the digital environment has encouraged new forms
of transparency, especially among legacy media. The opinion of journalists and citizens, however, is different on a large
number of the issues raised. For citizens, participation and the possibility of channeling complaints and suggestions through
the web, Twitter, and Facebook is considered to be positive and to represent an increasingly frequent practice. However,
journalists still show a certain reluctance to interact with readers and respond to their comments on social networks.
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented health and communication crisis. Through digital platforms, there has been a huge circulation of false, inaccurate or decontextualized information about the coronavirus. Among them, it is worth mentioning the rumors, hoaxes and conspiracy theories about (1) the origin, spread and lethality of the virus; (2) recommendations and curative practices; and (3) management of the pandemic by public administrations and international organizations. In the current infodemic scenario, this research addresses how 8 fact-checking organizations have used
forma irreversible el sentido del pluralismo informativo. En la era de la deliberación digital, los cauces se multiplican y permiten
contrastar diversas perspectivas a través de una comunidad de usuarios internacional. Asimismo, las nuevas prácticas
participativas en la Web y las redes sociales exigen una mayor transparencia por parte de los medios de comunicación, que
ayude a los ciudadanos a tomar decisiones responsables. Empleando metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativas –encuesta a
profesionales y seis grupos de discusión con ciudadanos–, esta investigación tiene como propósito conocer la percepción
de periodistas y ciudadanos españoles sobre el pluralismo y, concretamente sobre la transparencia y la participación de los
usuarios en el ecosistema comunicativo actual. Los resultados señalan que ambos colectivos se muestran favorables a dar
a conocer los vínculos institucionales, comerciales y políticos de los medios de comunicación, pero son escépticos respecto
a que el entorno digital haya fomentado nuevas formas de transparencia, especialmente entre los medios tradicionales.
La opinión de periodistas y ciudadanía se distancia, sin embargo, en un elevado número de cuestiones planteadas. Para
los ciudadanos, la participación y la posibilidad de canalizar quejas y sugerencias a través de la web, Twitter y Facebook es
positiva y se configura como una práctica cada vez más frecuente. Sin embargo, los periodistas aún muestran una cierta
reticencia a interactuar con los lectores y a responder a sus comentarios en las redes sociales.
In a complex and ever-evolving landscape, the interaction that digital communication provides has irreversibly changed the
meaning of media pluralism. In the era of digital deliberation, channels have multiplied, allowing perspectives to be contrasted
across an international user community. Likewise, new participatory practices through the web and social networks
require greater transparency from media organizations, which helps citizens make responsible decisions. Using quantitative
and qualitative methodologies (a survey of professionals and six focus groups with citizens), this research aims to determine
the perception of Spanish journalists and citizens on pluralism and, specifically, transparency and user participation in the
current communication ecosystem. The results indicate that both groups favor the publicization of the institutional, commercial,
and political links of media outlets, but they are skeptical that the digital environment has encouraged new forms
of transparency, especially among legacy media. The opinion of journalists and citizens, however, is different on a large
number of the issues raised. For citizens, participation and the possibility of channeling complaints and suggestions through
the web, Twitter, and Facebook is considered to be positive and to represent an increasingly frequent practice. However,
journalists still show a certain reluctance to interact with readers and respond to their comments on social networks.