Accounting & Finance

The study examined the relationship between cash flow and corporate performance in the Jute Industry of Pakistan. The study involved a survey of two Jute companies listed in the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Data were obtained from the annual report and accounts of the selected companies under study. The relevant data were subjected to statistical analysis using the linear regression technique. The results and findings showed that cash flow from operating and cash flow from investing activities have a statistical significant negative relationship with return on assets. While cash flow from investing activities have a statistically insignificant relationship with return on assets.

In this research the researcher investigatedrelationship between ownership concentration and performance, of the banking sector in Pakistan. This study analyzed 19 commercial banks listed in the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX), for a time period of 10 years (2006-2015). The selection of 19 listed commercial banks was of the reason mainly due to fill the financial literature gap of the Pakistani banking sector regarding ownership concentration. Since not enough previous research has been done on the ownership concentration with respect to the Pakistan's banking sector. Furthermore, out of the total 21 listed banks, only 19 were selected due to the availability of data. The study used secondary data on the bank ownership and financial performance. These secondary data was obtained mainly from limited commercial banks financial statements.The ownership concentration was measured with three indicators, percentage of largest shareholder (LSH), percentage of five largest shareholders (FIVELSH) and percentage of ten largest shareholders (TENLSH). The shareholder (LSH), which is measured by the percentage of largest single shareholder of a company, is the narrowest. Firms performance was measured by market based measure Tobin's Q (TQ), and accounting based measures Return on equity (ROE) and Return on assets (ROA). Analysis was done by multiple regression models. The findings were that largest shareholder (LSH) had a statistically significant positive relationship with accounting based performance measure, Return on assets (ROA), whereas the rest of the ownership indicators were insignificant. Furthermore, all the ownership concentration indicators also were in insignificant relationship with the performance measures, Return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's Q (TQ). With understanding the relationship of the ownership concentration with the performance of the commercial banks in Pakistan, the policy makers, management and investors helps them to increase the firm value.

The Optimal capital structure has a great importance to every manager and board of directors of the company. The financial leverage is also a puzzle for the management, when it comes to form the best leverage that is most suitable for the firm's needs. Failure to put considerations on capital structure might lead to less profitability, loss, bankruptcy and decrease in the value of the firm's value. This study set out to investigate the impact of financial leverage on firm performance of the listed oil refineries in Pakistan. It took performance measures in a wider perspective by using ROE. In addition to financial leverage the study expanded its explanatory variables by controlling for liquidity and firm age. The data was collected from the financial statements of listed oil refineries in Pakistan. The study employed pooled regression analysis, from the secondary data taken from the financial statement of the listed oil refineries in Pakistan, from 2012 to 2016. It was founded that firm performance, measured by the proxy of return on equity had a significant negative relationship with financial leverage. On the other hand the control variables, firm age and liquidity had insignificant relationship with variable return on equity Key Words: Return on equity, financial leverage, liquidity and firm age

Cash conversion cycle (CCC) is an important metric of not only effective working capital management but also the cash management of the firm. This research study was conducted with the objective to look into the relationship of the cash conversion cycle with profitability of the tobacco firms in Pakistan. This study is about evaluating how cash conversion cycle affects the profitability of listed tobacco firms in Pakistan. The research objective of the present study is to examine the existing literature regarding cash conversion cycle and its part in enhancing firm " s profitability, which is measured by using the proxy of return on equity. The study takes return on equity as measures of profitability to represent dependent variable. Firm size and debt ratio are taken as control variables. The Cash conversion cycle is considered as an independent variable. Study takes into consideration the three listed tobacco firms of Pakistan for a period of 8 years starting from 2010 to 2017. The data was analyzed by pooled regression; the results showed a significant positive relationship of cash conversion cycle with return on equity. On the other hand, the debt ratio and firm size had an insignificant relationship with return on equity. The significant positive relationship of cash conversion cycle with return on equity in this study indicates that it is not always necessary thatlower the cash conversion cycle, greater would be the profitability of the tobacco firms in Pakistan, measured through return on equity. In this case it shows that tobacco firms are not under pressure to reduce their receivable collection and inventory selling time period in order to increase their profitability. Moreover the tobacco firms are also not under pressure to increase their payment period to increase their profitability, measured by return on equity.

This research paper aims at analyzing media discourse, particularly political TV talk shows through the application of Critical Discourse Analysis. Here, we have particularly tried to analyze the media discourse of political TV talk shows of a private TV channel of Pakistan. The purpose of CDA is to unravel the manipulation of consideration and to learn how certain elements have helped in analyzing their positions as a powerful body and this is of course made possible through the analysis. We have adopted certain techniques in order to do the analysis. The show is not taken as a whole but certain headlines have been taken into consideration for the analysis. Through the available material provided by certain CDA analysts, such as van Dijk, the research was made from an entirely different dimension aiming at new horizons critically analyzing the media and political discourse.

Since the last decade, we have seen a swift formation of real-time applications on the web and numerous exploration regarding Quality of Service (QoS) [1] in mainly IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4). In IPv4 the address pool has to turn out to be exhausted gradually. As the current development of Internet Protocol (IP) goes on, the placement of IPv6 QoS is proceeding. In IPv4 QoS solutions, DiffServ is the finest method to meet QoS needs for real-time applications. The aim of this research project is to assess the IPv4/IPv6 QoS performance for real-time multimedia applications like streaming of videos which drives over DiffServ in IPv4/IPv6 networks. In this paper, we also studied the Assured Forwarding (AF), Expedited Forwarding (EF), Traffic aggregation and the outcome of multiple performance parameters such as throughput packet loss, end-to-end delay, and variation in delay. Using different tools and techniques, we measured and analyzed DiffServ integration in IPv4/IPv6 network ...

Pakistani Kashmir is administered as two territories: Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB). Each has an elected assembly and government with limited autonomy, but they lack the parliamentary representation and other rights of Pakistani provinces, and Pakistani federal institutions have predominant influence over security, the courts, and most important policy matters. Politics within the two territories are carefully managed to promote the idea of Kashmir’s eventual accession to Pakistan. Freedoms of expression and association, and any political activity deemed contrary to Pakistan’s policy on Kashmir, are restricted.