Dalibor Ballian

UDK 630*232:582.475(497.6 Tarčin)          630*232:577.151.64(497.6 Tarčin) U radu je prikazana mogućnost molekularne analize i identifikacije klonskog materijala iz sjemenskog voćnjaka Kozji Grm kod Tarčina. To je ujedno i usporedna procjena s prethodno urađenom morfološkom analizom sjemena. Unutar ove studije bilo je devet enzimskih sustava s ukupno 12 genskih lokusa, 1e. 52 alela registrirana u klonskom sjemenskom voćnjaku, koji su istraženi na molekularnoj razini. Molekularna metoda identifikacije klonova u ovom slučaju dokazala je svoju jednostavnost i pouzdanost, za razliku od morfoloških pokazatelja, te bi kao takva trebala naći svoje mjesto u procesu uspostavljanja klonskog sjemenskog voćnjaka u budućnosti. Primjenom molekularne metode, a također i morfološke identifikacije, u klonskom sjemenskom nasadu bijelog bora na Kozjem Grmu pronašli smo mnogo više genotipova nego što je projektom predviđeno. Ovi rezultati upućuju na određene pogreške koje su učinjene u procesu podizan...

U testu provenijencija hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.) u Bosni i Hercegovini koji je osnovan 2009. godine istraživana je varijabilnost visina biljaka i promjera vrata korijena na biljkama iz 27 provenijencija. Osim toga, analizirane su i korelacije između visina stabala i promjera vrata korijena s morfološkim svojstvima listova iz prirodnih populacija. Sjeme za osnivanje testova provenijencija, kao i listovi koji su korišteni u morfometrijskoj analizi, sakupljeni su u istim populacijama. Provedenim istraživanjima utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike za svojstvo visine i promjera vrata korijena. Varijabilnost je potvrđena i Duncan-ovim testom, i to na način da su biljke s obzirom na svojstvo visina grupirane u 11 skupina te s obzirom na svojstvo promjer vrata korijena u četiri skupine. Klasterskom analizom nije utvrđeno grupiranje populacija s obzirom na geografske i ekološke udaljenosti populacija. Korelacijskom analizom potvrđena je statistički značajna povezanost između vis...

UDK 582.475:577(497.6 Očevija) Priznatim biokemijskim biljezima analizirana je genetička struktura obične jele sa područja Očevije, u centralnom području Bosne i Hercegovine. Za analizu smo uporabili biokemijske biljege, i to 9 enzimskh sustava sa 16 genskih lokusa, odnosno 7 polimorfnih gen lokusa sa 25 alela. Prosječan broj alela po lokusu je 1,6471. Genetički multilokusni diverzitet je iznosio 28,42, a gen pool diverzitet 1,1682 , dok je stvarna heterozigotnost iznosila 0,1992. Ovi rezultati i njihova usporedba sa rezultatima drugih istraživanja ukazuju da populacija Očevija ima specifičnu genetičku strukturu karakterističnu za pionirske vrste ali sa autohtonim genofondom svojstvenim za Bosnu i Hercegovinu.

Ballian, D., Mujagić-Pašić, A.: Morphological variability of the fruit and seed of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) in a part of its natural distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Biologica Nyssana, 4 (1-2), December 2013: 15-17. The paper discusses morphological variability of the fruit and seed of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) which have been collected in 12 localities of its natural distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 2,926 fruits have been collected, and the following properties have been studied: fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness, seed length, seed width and seed thickness. A discriminant analysis by groups formed according to classes of altitude and ecological and vegetation zoning has shown that there are no separations within the studied populations, which implies the possibility to use seed and planting material from different altitudes and ecological and vegetation zones within the studied area.

The research aimed to determine the start, end and duration of leafing phases, the degree of plant damage caused by late spring frost, and the retention of leaves in autumn. The research was conducted in the international common beech provenance test in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The test contains eight provenances from Bosnia and Herzegovina, four from Germany, three from Serbia, two each from Croatia, Romania and Switzerland, and one from Hungary. Leafing phenology, canopy damage caused by late spring frost, and leaf retention were assessed in 2019. Most provenances started opening buds on 17 April 2019. Complete canopy damage affected the highest percentage of plants in provenance BW Bad Wildbad, Germany (68 %), and the lowest in provenance Konjuh Kladanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina (3.2 %). Provenance Herzogenbuchsee from Switzerland had the highest percentage of winter leaf retention (37.5 % of plants). The results can be used in choosing provenances that are resistant to low temperat...

Virgin forests are relatively rare in the European temperate zone. This is due to the continuous use of forest historically and to increasing high population densities. Virgin forests are forest where the structure and dynamics have developed entirely under natural conditions, without any human interference or influence. This article assesses the Pljesevica forest in Bosnia Herzegovina to establish whether it can be classified as virgin forest. The structure and components of the forest were assessed in a 1 ha sample plot and four 400m2 quadrats. The values of the biodiversity indexes (as defined by Shannon and Weaver, Krebs and Meyer), species richness and evenness, the distribution of the different stand development stages and the proportion of dead wood lead to the conclusion that Pljesevica forest presents a set of structural and dynamic characteristics close to the ones typical for virgin forests in Europe, so in order to maintain its status as such, in the meantime it should u...

Morphologic variability from 25 populations of Acer campestre L. in Bosnia and Herzegovina was analyzed. Morphometric structure of variability and between-population variability was performed based on 10 fruit-parameter characteristics and 19 leaf-parameter characteristics using multivariate statistical analysis. Results confirmed the separation of three submediterranean populations as a group in relation to other tested populations, from which the Banja Luka population is different. Measured leaf parameters were confirmed as a predominant carrier of the morphologic separation between populations. In other Acer species populations within A. monspessulanum and A. intermedium species are separated mainly by fruit and much less by leaf parameters. The southernmost submediterranean populations from Trebinje, Ljubuški, and Mostar regions have smaller leaf areas, which consequently places them within the same morphologic group; their variability is in tight connection with eco-geo-graphic...

Mechanisation used in forest utilisation has an impact on the occurrence of damage in stand and on forest land. The research in this work had the objective of determining damage on fir trees and other tree species during felling and processing of trees and their skidding using the forest cable-skidder. The research wasconducted in mixed beech and fir forests in the area of FMA “Glamočko”, M.U. “Hrbinje-Kujača”. The following data were gathered on damaged trees: tree type, breast height diameter, economic importance of the tree, amount of damage, location of damage, cause of damage, types of damage. Damage was recorded on a total of 305 trees, 133 trees of silver fir (Abies alba), 130 trees of European beech (Fagus sylvatica), 33 trees of European spruce (Picea abies), 8 trees of rowan/mountain-ash (Sorbusaucuparia) and one tree of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). The overall damage intensity was 18.7%, but together with the old damages, the overall number of ‘wounds’ is 496. Accordin...

Europska crna topola (Populus nigra L.) u Europi predstavlja jednu od ekološki najznačajnijih vrsta šumskog drveća ritskih šuma, a u nekim zemljama ona je i od gospodarskog značenja. U Bosni i Hercegovini, uz europsku crnu topolu raste i dlakava crna topola (Populus nigra subsp.caudina). Ovoj vrsti nije se u prošlosti poklanjao značajan interes, dok se danas intenzivno radi na njezinom očuvanju i revitalizaciji prirodnih sastojina, iako ima zemalja gdje je i dalje marginalizirana. U Bosni i Hercegovini postoji dobar potencijal za osnivanje topolovih šuma, a prema posljednjoj inventuri raspolaže se s površinom od oko 40 000 ha gdje mogu rasti topole, u malim čistim sastojinama ili većinom u mješovitim sastojinama s vrbom i drugim hidrofilnim vrstama drveća. Za molekularnu analizu koristili smo deset mikrosatelitskih početnica, odnosno analizirali smo deset genskih lokusa, s ukupno 422 alela u svim istraživanim populacijama, a sadržavali su 17 specifičnih alela. Broj alela po genskim ...

U radu je istraživana morfološka varijabilnost plodova šest prirodnih populacija pitomog kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.) na području Bosne i Hercegovine (Bužim, Kostajnica, Prijedor, Banja Luka, Bratunac i Konjic). Na osnovi šest morfoloških svojstava ploda i šest izvedenih vrijednosti te boje ploda, ispitana je unutarpopulacijska i međupopulacijska varijabilnost. Utvrđeno je da su istraživana morfološka svojstva vrlo varijabilna i da se vrijednosti koeficijenta varijabilnosti, na razini svih populacija, kreću od 10,80% (kod širine ploda) do 34,54 % (kod mase ploda). Za izvedena svojstva koeficijent varijabilnosti kretao se od 9,62 % (za odnos visine ploda i širine ploda) do 20,46 % (kod odnosa širine i dužine ožiljka). U populacijama pitomog kestena Bosne i Hercegovine zastupljene su sve boje ploda (perikarpa), s time da preovladava tipična smeđa kestenjasta boja ploda. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na visoku varijabilnost istraživanih populacija, te se populacije međusobno statis...

Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Lieblein) is one of the most important type of forest tree in Bosnia and Hercegovina, even though the Sessile Oak forest structure is very weak. The reason for this is found in the huge effect that the man has on these breeds throughout history and numerous unplanned cutting and poor management system. In the conditions present in Bosnia and Hercegovina Sessile Oak is found in approximately 330,000ha in small and usually clean and varied samples. Through this research we would like to answer the following questions, namely what is the genetic structure, diversity and differentiation of Sessile Oak in some of the populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and what is the importance of knowing the genetic structure especially when it comes to regeneration. For the analysis we have used 11 enzyme systems with 14 genetic locus and 82 aleals. The biochemcial analysis of the genetic structure of 17 populations of Sessile Oak, by using the 14 isoenzyme genet...

ABSTRACT Obična jela (Abies alba Mill.) je najznačajnija vrsta među četinarima u Bosni i Hercegovini. Eksperiment je podignut na području SP ,,Olovsko", a devet provenijencija jele je sa područja Bugojna, Bos. Petrovac; Olovo - Palež, Pala, Konjica, Fojnice, Sokolca, Olovo - Klis i Prozor. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da određenim metodama utvrdimo među-populacijsku varijabilnost za svojstvo prosječnog periodičnog visinskog prirasta obične jele i to za period od 6 godina (2000-2005). Analizom prosječnog visinskog prirasta za period od 6 godina utvrdili smo da po-stoji statistički značajna razlika između provenijencija. Također je određeno da prirast kulminira kod svih provenijencija u 18-toj godini života stabala. Najveće vrijednosti imale su provenijencije B. Petrovac (39,3 cm) i Fojnica (38,8 cm), a najmanju vrijednost provenijencije Olovo - Klis (34,9 cm) i Olovo - Palež (35,5 cm). Dobiveni rezultati nam mogu poslužiti za diferencijaciju obične jele, odnosno za procjenu medu populacijske varijabilnosti kada je u pitanju ovaj taksacioni element

This research determined vertical differentiation of 65 natural populations of Pedunculate oak from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro, all of which have different altitude ranging from 66 m to 890 m. Morphological variability was analysed using 12 measured and 2 derived traits. Aim determine whether statistically significant variability among populations, and what status the vertical differentiation has, which is significant for processes of conservation and usage. Using that, basic statistical parameters were processed, as well as canonical discriminative analysis for determining differentiation of populations according to altitude. Obtained results showed that every analysed trait has statistically significant differences on intra- and inter- population level. That means that weak cline variability is present in regards to altitude, and that is principally conditioned by microclimatic factors. Analysed populations can be placed into four groups: populations gr...

Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is the most significant and economically most important conifer species in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and due attention needs to be dedicated to it. The trial surface was established in the Olovo area, with nine silver fir provenances descending from natural populations. For the trial we used the following provenances: Bugojno, Bosanski Petrovac, Olovo – Palež, Olovo – Klis, Pale, Konjic, Fojnica, Sokolac and Prozor. The objective of this study was to determine intra-population variability of some morphologic attributes (characteristics) by means of contemporary statistical methods, and with application of multifactor analysis, particularly for the root neck diameter, chest diameter and the height of the silver fir trunk, descending from nine different provenances. By analysis of the diameter at the root of the neck we determined that there exists a statistically significant difference between the provenances. It was also determined that the greatest diffe...

Hrast lužnjak predstavlja jednu od najvažnijih vrsta šumskog drveća u Europi, sa rasprostiranjem od južne Španjolske do Urala, u veoma raznolikim ekološkim uvjetima, što ukazuje na njegovu plastičnost i visoku adaptabilnost. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se na molekularno genetičkoj razini odredi varijabilnost nekih preostalih populacija i grupa stabala hrasta lužnjaka u Bosni i Hercegovini, dok je krajni cilj da se rezultati iskoriste u procesu konzervacije hrasta lužnjaka u izmijenjenim ekološkim uvjetima, uzrokovanim globalnim zagrijavanjem. Za genetičku analizu smo upotrijebili 4 para visoko polimorfnih jezgrinih mikrosatelitnih (SSR) biljega, ssrQpZAG1/5, ssrQpZAG9, ssrQpZAG36 i ssrQpZAG108. Analiza dobivenih podatak je obavljena čitavim setom statističkih paketa za genetička istraživanja. Rezultat je pokazao postojanje velike polimorfnosti koda analiziranih mikrosatelita, odnosno genetičke raznolikosti, čak i u malim, izoliranim populacijama koje su obuhvaćene ovim istraživ...

Ne etički odnos prema šumi, kroz neplanske sječe šuma i njenu degradaciju, uz izostavljanje brojnih mjera gospodarenja, su drugi po redu uzroci globalnog zagrijavanja na našoj planeti, nakon emisije stakleničnih plinova. Iako postoje različita mišljenja o tome na koji način treba uključiti sječu šuma i njihovu degradaciju u buduće režime klimatskih promjena, postoji jedinstven konsenzus u znanstvenim krugovima, ali i među brojnim političarima, o tome da ovaj problem treba brzo i efektivno riješiti. Šumski resursi u Bosni i Hercegovini pokrivaju oko 50% od ukupne površine zemlje. Stoga šume u BiH predstavljaju značajan izvor zaposlenja (u šumarstvu, drvnoj industriji) i energije (drvo za ogrjev, uglavnom od šumskih ostataka). Oni su također značajan izvor sporednih šumskih proizvoda (gljive, šumski plodovi i šumsko ljekovito i drugo bilje) i prostrano stanište za divljač, te zadovoljavaju brojne sociološke funkcije. Na globalnoj razini računa se da približno 18% od globalne emisije s...

In numerous works about flora in Bosna and Hercegovina we find that there is very little information on the localities on which Yews grows. This data basically just provides the information of the locality of samples and nothing else, like number of samples at a specific area etc. First information for Yews in Bosnia and Hercegovina was provided by Fiala specifically for mount Klekovaca. Further mount Klekovaca is noted in Beck's Flora of Bosnia, along with ten (10) more new localities.We also find a few more mentions of other localities noted by Maly being in Hercegovina on four (4) locations and then another four (4) locations give Bošnjak for mount Čvrsnica and Muravjev also notes one location for the area of Čajniće. Through the analysis of herbal data available at the Zemaljski Museum in Sarajevo, Fukarek topped up the locations with seven (7) new stand and further investigation of flora has found further three (3) locations. With activities and contacts with forestry compa...

ABSTRACT The species Rupicapra rupicapra is represented by seven subspecies; three of them are occurring in the Eastern Europe: R.r. tatrica occurs in the High Tatras and the Low Tatras, R.r. capratica occurs in Romanian Carpathians and the distribution range of R.r. balcanica stretches from Croatia to Greece. The distribution ranges of all three subspecies are at present discontinuous. The aim of this paper was to study genetic diversity and differentiation of chamois populations along the Balkan Peninsula and to estimate the degree of admixture of chamois of Alpine origine (R.r. rupicapra) in Western Balkan populations. Samples were collected from Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia. Twenty-three nuclear microsatellites were used for this study. Both cluster (UPGMA) and Bayesian approach proved genetic proximity of Slovenian and Northern Croatian populations together with Fatra populations from Slovakia to Alpine cluster (R.r. rupicapra), while Devin and Biokovo form a separate group of populations (R.r. balcanica), similarly as Romanian (R.r. carpatica) and Tatra (R.r. tatrica) populations showed separate position. Populations from Alps showed the highest level of gene diversity that can be attributed to rather continuous distribution range. Population from Tatra Mountains (R.r. tatrica) that can be considered as a small population compared to Alpine one showed very low level of gene diversity (several loci were monomorphic). Southern Croatian population Biokovo together with Bulgarian population from Devin, both belonging to R.r. balcanica showed intermediate levels of gene diversity. Consequences for gene conservation and population management are given.

Istraživane su tri grupe stabala hibridnog platana (Platanus x hispanica) na Sarajevskom području, na lokalitetu: Ilidže, Nedžarića, Dobrinje. Za usporedbu u analizi smo uporabili čistu istočnu platanu (Platanus orientalis L.) podrijetlom sa Cipra. Istraživanja su provedena korištenjem PCR tehnologije sa četiri cpDNK mikrosatelitna para početnica (ccmp3, ccmp6, ccmp7, ccmp10), jednim parom cpDNK početnica (trnT-trnL), te jednim parom nuklearnih početnica 5S. Također je primijenjena RFLP-PCR metoda za identifikaciju trnT-trnL i 5S regije. Dobiveni rezultati u ovom istraživanju haplotipova sa četiri mikrosatelitna para cpDNK, te regije trnT-trnL unutar genskog prostora kao i 5S nuklearne DNK nisu pokazali željeni polimorfizam između individua, kao i između ispitivanih grupa.

The Balkan Peninsula is one of the largest and most important European glacial refugia. However, the evolutionary history and phylogeographic pattern of temperate tree species that survived in the Balkans glacial refugia and their contribution to the genetic structure of the current population in the Carpathian Mountains remains poorly understood. Using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and extensive population sampling, we explored the phylogeographic pattern of Carpinus betulus in both the Balkan Peninsula and the Carpathian region. We aimed to determine the locations of potential glacial refugia, in order to delineate post-glacial colonization routes, and also to test if northern cryptic refugia had persisted during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results provide strong support for the existence of multiple refugia similar to the 'refugia-within-refugia' scenario, which would suggest that Carpinus betulus has experienced ...

Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica is one of seven subspecies of Rupicapra rupic-apra. Distribution range is discontinuous and it stretches from Slovenia to Greece. We have studied the genetic diversity of chamois populations along the Balkan Peninsula with the aim to reveal possible differentiation of Western Balkan populations from chamois populations of Alpine origin (R.r. rupicapra) and also from Carpathian populations found in Romania and Tatras. Samples were col¬lected from Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia. We used 24 nuclear microsatellites for characterization of genetic diversity and differentiation of individual subpopulations and to define the mixed populations. Both cluster (UPGMA) and Bayesian approach proved genetic proximity of Slovenian and Northern Croatian populations together with Fatra populations from Slovakia to Alpine populations while Devin and Biokovo form a separate group of populations similarly as Romanian and Tatra population...

This paper presents the results of the study of morphological variability of beech (Fagus silvatica L.) in provenance test in Bosnia & Herzegovina originating from almost the entire natural range of beech. The provenance test consist of 22 provenances, it was established in spring 2007 in 41st compartment, Forest management unit “Donja Trstionica – Goruša of Kakanjske”, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2012. survival of seedlings, their height and root collar were measured. Results indicate significant differences of height and diameter among and within provenances. The average number of survived seedlings was 53.9%. Based on the research, we can conclude that differences among populations from different ecological areas induce morphological differentiation among populations.