Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic viruses represent a group of diseases (virosis) that can cause high economic losses and become a limiting factor in achieving full fertility and a quality yield. The transmitting ways of the... more
Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic viruses represent a group of diseases (virosis) that can cause high economic losses and become a limiting factor in achieving full fertility and a quality yield. The transmitting ways of the viruses are multiple, and the main way to combat these diseases is the production, or use of healthy, virus-free seed and planting material. Since viruses cause the most significant damage on woody plants, fruits and vines, it is important to carry out a plant virus screening test in order to avoid multiple harmful effects in both aspects, the material and in the aspect of the time it takes for these plant species to grow and achieve a full fertility. One of the most common viruses infecting stone fruit species and causing significant economic damages is the Prune dwarf virus (PDV). Given the general presence in the world and high destructive potential of PDV, its diagnostic and identification methods are described in detail in this study.Bolesti gajenih ...
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A three-year experiment was conducted to study the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer applied under previous crop and seed inoculation with a microbial preparation NS Nitragin on soybean yield and protein content in grain.... more
A three-year experiment was conducted to study the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer applied under previous crop and seed inoculation with a microbial preparation NS Nitragin on soybean yield and protein content in grain. The experiment was set up in four replications at Rimski Šančevi experiment field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. Presowing seed inoculation contributed to a statistically significant increase in yield and protein content in all three research years, while the highest nitrogen dose had a positive impact on soybean yield only in 2007 and on protein content in 2006 and 2007.U trogodišnjem ogledu proučavan je uticaj različitih doza azotnih đubriva primenjenih pod predusev i inokulacije semena mikrobiološkim preparatom NS-Nitragin na prinos i sadržaj proteina u zrnu soje. Ogled je postavljen u četiri ponavljanja, na parceli Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad na Rimskim Šančevima. Inokulacija semena pre setve doprinela je ...
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Absorbance data from spectrophotometric measurements of catalase, reduced glutathion, lipid peroxidation and superoxide-dismutase of soybean cv. Sava plants infected with five Diaporthe species (i.e. D. aspalathi, D. caulivora, D. eres,... more
Absorbance data from spectrophotometric measurements of catalase, reduced glutathion, lipid peroxidation and superoxide-dismutase of soybean cv. Sava plants infected with five Diaporthe species (i.e. D. aspalathi, D. caulivora, D. eres, D. gulyae, D. longicolla).
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Downy mildew is caused by the plant pathogen Peronospora manshurica. Downy mildew is a common fungal disease of soybean, found worldwide. It is soil and seed-borne and infection may result in yield losses of 5 to up to 10% in severe... more
Downy mildew is caused by the plant pathogen Peronospora manshurica. Downy mildew is a common fungal disease of soybean, found worldwide. It is soil and seed-borne and infection may result in yield losses of 5 to up to 10% in severe cases. So far, in Central Europe the damage caused is observed to be low. This practice note provides information on the pathogen`s biology and control of the disease presenting a foundation for effective management.
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Abstract In 2014, 2000 plants showing root rot symptoms were collected from 200 commercial soybean (Glycine max L.) fields in South Dakota, USA. One thousand one hundred thirty fungal isolates obtained from the samples were identified as... more
Abstract In 2014, 2000 plants showing root rot symptoms were collected from 200 commercial soybean (Glycine max L.) fields in South Dakota, USA. One thousand one hundred thirty fungal isolates obtained from the samples were identified as Fusarium species by morphology and sequencing of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene. Fifty-one percent were F. graminearum, 30.0% were F. acuminatum, 8.0% belonged to the F. oxysporum species complex, 3.4% were F. armeniacum, 2.0% were F. proliferatum, 1.6% were F. virguliforme, 1.2% belonged to the F. solani species complex, 0.4% were F. nanum (syn. F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex), 0.1% were F. bulbicola (syn. F. fujikuroi species complex) and 0.1% were F. commune. The pathogenicity of 57 isolates was evaluated on the soybean ‘Asgrow 1835’ under greenhouse conditions. Root rot severity was rated 14 days after inoculation on a 1-to-5 scale and expressed as relative treatment effects (RTE). Nine isolates of F. oxysporum, and one each of F. armeniacum and F. commune, caused significantly greater RTE than in the non-inoculated control. Twenty-one accessions were screened for resistance in the greenhouse using one isolate each of F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. sporotrichioides. Accession PI361090 was less susceptible to F. graminearum and F. proliferatum than the susceptible controls, ‘Williams 82’ and ‘Asgrow 1835’. All accessions were more susceptible to F. sporotrichioides. These findings suggest that 11 Fusarium species or species complexes are pathogenic to soybean in South Dakota, and PI361090 may be a useful source of resistance to F. graminearum and F. proliferatum.
Research Interests: Microbiology, Plant Biology, Biology, Fusarium, Resistance, and 3 moreSoybean, Glycine, and Root Rot
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Domestic soybean production has increased in many countries of Central Europe over the last decade. As a significant share of soybean production is under organic management at present, a growing demand for varieties suitable for organic... more
Domestic soybean production has increased in many countries of Central Europe over the last decade. As a significant share of soybean production is under organic management at present, a growing demand for varieties suitable for organic production systems has developed. For this reason, the specific needs of cultivars in organic production and possible breeding options are elaborated. Apart from grain yield, weed suppression/tolerance is a highly desirable trait that could be determined in inter-seeding experiments for simulating weed pressure. Other traits such as resistance against diseases and pests as well as tolerance to abiotic stresses (chilling, high temperature and drought) can be selected similarly in conventional and organic programs. In contrast, efficient selection for symbiotic di-nitrogen fixation would require dedicated approaches such as continuous selection under lownitrogen soil conditions. As individual organic breeding activities are small, collaborative approac...
Tolerance of wheat genotypes to the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron-methyl was studied using in vitro culture. Six randomly selected wheat genotypes were used for isolation. Mature embryos were inoculated onto a modified MS medium to... more
Tolerance of wheat genotypes to the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron-methyl was studied using in vitro culture. Six randomly selected wheat genotypes were used for isolation. Mature embryos were inoculated onto a modified MS medium to which three concentrations of metsulfuron-methyl were added: I-30 g l-1, II-60 g l-1, and III-90 g l-1. The control group of embryos was cultivated on a herbicide-free medium. After one month of cultivation, callus fresh weight was measured. There were significant differences among the genotypes regarding their tolerance to metsulfuron-methyl. The Pobeda cultivar expressed the highest and the Lr-12 genotype had the lowest level of herbicide tolerance.
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Shield-bugs ((insect species of the superfamily Pentatomoidea) are serious pests in the cultivation of soybean worldwide. They are also known as stink bugs. Stink bugs because they have glands that emit a strong unpleasant odour, which... more
Shield-bugs ((insect species of the superfamily Pentatomoidea) are serious pests in the cultivation of soybean worldwide. They are also known as stink bugs. Stink bugs because they have glands that emit a strong unpleasant odour, which emit a strong unpleasant odour. In recent years, two species have become more common in Europe. In recent years, two species have become more common in Europe - the southern green bug (Nezara viridula) and the marble bug (Halyomorpha halys). The southern green scutellaria - is a cosmopolitan species. It is a polyphagous species that infests a wide variety of crops and vegetables, with soybeans being the preferred crop. The preferred crop is soybeans.
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Pests are generally not a problem in European soybean crops. Spider mites account for a large proportion of what pest damage there is. The risk of damage is high during dry and hot conditions in summer. Several mite species can damage... more
Pests are generally not a problem in European soybean crops. Spider mites account for a large proportion of what pest damage there is. The risk of damage is high during dry and hot conditions in summer. Several mite species can damage soybean plants, but two are more harmful than others: the spider mite (Tetranychus atlanticus) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). There are no acaricides available for use in soybean in the European Union (EU) and chemical control is not an option in the EU or for crops grown to EU standards elsewhere.
The painted lady (Vanessa cardui L.) is a pest of soybean in Serbia and many countries in south-eastern Europe (Croatia, Bosnia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria). It occurs also in central, western, and northern Europe (Austria, France,... more
The painted lady (Vanessa cardui L.) is a pest of soybean in Serbia and many countries in south-eastern Europe (Croatia, Bosnia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria). It occurs also in central, western, and northern Europe (Austria, France, Germany). This pest appears occasionally, typically once in four to five years, when it can be of economic importance. It can cause severe damage in high infestation years with more than one-third of the leaf canopy eaten. However, spraying with insecticide is only rarely required or economically justified.
Put od naučnog otkrića do njegove konkretne primene je veoma dug i neizvestan. Samo mali broj naučnih rezultata dostigne primenu u praksi, od čega ima korist celokupno društvo. Na ovom, ni malo lakom zadatku, angažovana je ekipa naučnika... more
Put od naučnog otkrića do njegove konkretne primene je veoma dug i neizvestan. Samo mali broj naučnih rezultata dostigne primenu u praksi, od čega ima korist celokupno društvo. Na ovom, ni malo lakom zadatku, angažovana je ekipa naučnika Odeljenja za soju, Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, kako bi kroz međunarodno priznata istraživanja došla do novih naučnih saznanja u vezi sa sojom i kako bi bar deo ovih istraživanja preneli u praksu. Strana 7 i 8. The path from science to practice: Current scientific research on soybeans article is featured on page 7 and 8. the path from scientific discovery to its concrete application is very long and uncertain. Only a small number of scientific results<br> reaches application in practice, from which benefits the whole society. On This, not an easy task, hired a team of scientists from the Department of soybean, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, to be through internationally recognized research has come up with new scientific know...
Shield bugs (species of the superfamily Pentatomoidea) are important insect pests in soybean production worldwide. They are also known as stink bugs because they have glands that excrete a strong odour. Two bugs have become more common in... more
Shield bugs (species of the superfamily Pentatomoidea) are important insect pests in soybean production worldwide. They are also known as stink bugs because they have glands that excrete a strong odour. Two bugs have become more common in recent years in Europe: the southern green shield bug (Nezara viridula) and the brown marmorated shield bug (Halyomorpha halys). The southern green shield bug is a cosmopolitan species. It is polyphagous and damages a great number of field and vegetable crops among which soybean is a preferred crop.
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ABSTRACT
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The ECOBREED project is coordinated by the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia and is carried out in collaboration with 25 partner organisations representing 15 countries: AT, CN, CZ, DE, ES, GR, HU, IT, PL, RO, RS, SI, SK, UK and USA.... more
The ECOBREED project is coordinated by the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia and is carried out in collaboration with 25 partner organisations representing 15 countries: AT, CN, CZ, DE, ES, GR, HU, IT, PL, RO, RS, SI, SK, UK and USA. ECOBREED will improve the availability of seed and varieties suitable for organic and low- input production. Activities will focus on four crop species, selected for their potential contribution to increase competitiveness of the organic sector, i.e. wheat (both common Triticum aestivum L. and durum Triticum durum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), soybean (Glycine max (L). Merr), and common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). The project will develop (a) methods, strategies and infrastructures for organic breeding, (b) varieties with improved stress resistance, resource use efficiency and quality and (c) improved methods for the production of high-quality organic seed. The objectives of the project are: •To increase the availability of seeds an...
Diaporthe seed decay can compromise seed quality in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the warm and humid production areas of the United States during crop maturation. In the current study, 45 isolates of Diaporthe were recovered from... more
Diaporthe seed decay can compromise seed quality in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the warm and humid production areas of the United States during crop maturation. In the current study, 45 isolates of Diaporthe were recovered from seed sampled from soybean fields affected by Diaporthe-associated diseases in eight U.S. states in 2017. The isolates obtained belonged to 10 species of Diaporthe based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer, partial translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin gene sequences. The associated species included D. aspalathi, D. caulivora, D. kongii, D. longicolla, D. sojae, D. ueckerae, D. unshiuensis, and three novel fungi, D. bacilloides, D. flavescens, and D. insulistroma. One isolate each of the 10 species was examined for pathogenicity on seed of cultivar Sava under controlled conditions. Seven days postinoculation, significant differences in the percentages of decayed seeds and seedling necrosis were observed...
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Sunflower plants show pronounced allelopathic traits and represent a suitable base for potential scientific research work. Understanding and exploiting precisely of that potential could greatly reduce the use of chemical products for... more
Sunflower plants show pronounced allelopathic traits and represent a suitable base for potential scientific research work. Understanding and exploiting precisely of that potential could greatly reduce the use of chemical products for plant protection that are intensively used in the production technology of this crop. Today, a big effort is made in sunflower breeding in order to produce the resistance to the economically most important pathogens, which are in most cases phytopathogenic fungi and parasitic weeds such as broomrape. Since sunflower is an increasingly popular crop within farmer fields in the Republic of Serbia, an overview of so far known, passive and active defense mechanisms, that are key for the crop resistance creating, is given. The study also describes in detail, the interactions among the most harmful fungal pathogens and sunflower plants, the expression of genes caused by their attack, and the production of metabolites that are crucial for the induced defense fo...
Soybean plant density is an important factor of successful agricultural production. Due to the high number of plants per unit area, early plant overlapping and eventual plant loss, the estimation of soybean plant density in the later... more
Soybean plant density is an important factor of successful agricultural production. Due to the high number of plants per unit area, early plant overlapping and eventual plant loss, the estimation of soybean plant density in the later stages of development should enable the determination of the final plant number and reflect the state of the harvest. In order to assess soybean plant density in a digital, nondestructive, and less intense way, analysis was performed on RGB images (containing three channels: RED, GREEN, and BLUE) taken with a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) on 66 experimental plots in 2018, and 200 experimental plots in 2019. Mean values of the R, G, and B channels were extracted for each plot, then vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated and used as predictors for the machine learning model (MLM). The model was calibrated in 2018 and validated in 2019. For validation purposes, the predicted values for the 200 experimental plots were compared with the real number of plan...
Research Interests: Mathematics and Agronomy
The main objective of this study was to identify optimal burner orientation for a newly designed flame cultivator by quantifying the flame temperature distributions of cross, back, and parallel position of burners at different heights of... more
The main objective of this study was to identify optimal burner orientation for a newly designed flame cultivator by quantifying the flame temperature distributions of cross, back, and parallel position of burners at different heights of the soybean canopy (distance from the soil surface). Flame temperatures were measured within-row for three burner orientations at seven propane doses (20–100 kg/ha) and eight different canopy heights (0–18 cm above soil surface). Soybean plants in V3 growth stage were flamed with the same doses and burner orientations, and 28 days after treatment (DAT) crop injury (0%–100%), plant height (cm), dry matter (g) and grain yield (t/ha) were assessed. All three burner orientations had high flame temperatures at lower canopy heights (<6 cm high) that gradually decreased with increasing canopy height (6–18 cm). Measured temperatures ranged from 33 to 234 ℃ for cross flaming, 29 to 269 ℃ for back flaming and 23 to 155 ℃ for parallel flaming, with high var...
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Genomic selection is a valuable breeding tool that has a great potential for implementation in a real breeding program, as long as prediction model performance is carefully evaluated for each specific scenario. The performance of genomic... more
Genomic selection is a valuable breeding tool that has a great potential for implementation in a real breeding program, as long as prediction model performance is carefully evaluated for each specific scenario. The performance of genomic prediction models has been commonly evaluated by standard cross-validation that can lead to an overestimation of the model performance, by using the same genetic material and their performances that were included in the model development. Besides cross-validation, this study explored the efficiency of yield prediction models for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by using historical data for external model validation. Historical data represents a valuable source for evaluation of model performance, simulating the real breeding process. In general, results indicate a modest influence of statistical model and marker number on the prediction ability cross-validation and external validation. In both considerations, non-parametric random forest (RF) model showed an overestimation of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). Overall, genomic prediction ability for soybean yield for historical data across years was relatively high (0.60), implicating that the model has the potential to predict broad adaptation of breeding lines. The model, however, had variable ability to predict phenotypic performance in separate years, with especially high prediction ability in years not impacted by yield-limiting factors, when the genetic potential was fully achieved. General improvement of model performance in both cross-validation and external validation was achieved by increasing the phenotyping intensity that must reflect the target environment variability in terms of different climatological conditions.
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Fusarium root rot of corn (Zea mays L.) is yield-limiting in the United States, but there is no information available on the disease in South Dakota. In 2015, corn seedlings with discolored roots were arbitrarily sampled from 50 South... more
Fusarium root rot of corn (Zea mays L.) is yield-limiting in the United States, but there is no information available on the disease in South Dakota. In 2015, corn seedlings with discolored roots were arbitrarily sampled from 50 South Dakota fields, and 198 isolates were recovered. Eight species (F. acuminatum, F. boothii, F. equiseti-incarnatum complex, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, and F. subglutinans) were identified by morphology and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequencing. F. graminearum (26.8%) was the most common fungus, and F. boothii (0.5%) was the least recovered. Fourteen isolates, representing the eight species, were evaluated for their pathogenicity on 2-week-old seedlings of inbred ‘B73’ using the inoculum layer method in the greenhouse. Fourteen days postinoculation, root rot severity was evaluated on a 1-to-5 rating scale and expressed as relative treatment effects (RTEs). F. proliferatum isolate P2 caused significantly greater R...
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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Brassica carinata is an emerging oilseed crop in the United States, and root diseases caused by Fusarium have the potential to cause yield losses in production. In this study, B. carinata plants were randomly sampled at vegetative and... more
Brassica carinata is an emerging oilseed crop in the United States, and root diseases caused by Fusarium have the potential to cause yield losses in production. In this study, B. carinata plants were randomly sampled at vegetative and seed development plant stages from South Dakota State University experimental plots. Reddish-brown lesions were observed on roots of sampled plants from which F. acuminatum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. sporotrichioides were recovered. The Fusarium species were identified based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene region. Pathogenicity of the four Fusarium species was evaluated on five B. carinata accessions using a modified inoculum layer method in the greenhouse. At 21 days after inoculation, root rot severity caused by Fusarium on the B. carinata accessions was assessed on a rating scale of 0 to 4 and evaluated using relative treatment effects (RTEs). The F. oxysporum isolate caused significant dif...
One hundred fifty-two Diaporthe isolates were recovered from symptomatic soybean (Glycine max) stems sampled from the U.S. states of Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and South Dakota. Using morphology and DNA sequencing, isolates were... more
One hundred fifty-two Diaporthe isolates were recovered from symptomatic soybean (Glycine max) stems sampled from the U.S. states of Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and South Dakota. Using morphology and DNA sequencing, isolates were identified as D. aspalathi (8.6%), D. caulivora (24.3%), and D. longicolla (67.1%). Aggressiveness of five isolates each of the three pathogens was studied on cultivars Hawkeye (D. caulivora and D. longicolla) and Bragg (D. aspalathi) using toothpick, stem-wound, mycelium contact, and spore injection inoculation methods in the greenhouse. For D. aspalathi, methods significantly affected disease severity (P < 0.001) and pathogen recovery (P < 0.001). The relative treatment effects (RTE) of stem-wound and toothpick methods were significantly greater than for the other methods. For D. caulivora and D. longicolla, a significant isolate × method interaction affected disease severity (P < 0.05) and pathogen recovery (P < 0.001). Significant dif...
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Soybean is one of the most important industrial crops in the world. The rich nutritional content of the seed is the reason for the increased cultivation of this crop all over the world. However, a large number of phytopathogenic fungi... more
Soybean is one of the most important industrial crops in the world. The rich nutritional content of the seed is the reason for the increased cultivation of this crop all over the world. However, a large number of phytopathogenic fungi that exist in soybean seeds can reduce the nutritional content, germination, and seed vigor. Soybean seed samples were collected from experimental fields in seven locations in Vojvodina Province, Serbia in the period 2016-2018. From each sample, 100 seeds were randomly selected. Seeds were surface-disinfested in 4% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min, washed two times in sterile water, and dried on a filter paper. All 100 seeds were placed in 20 Petri dishes with standard potato dextrose agar medium (PDA), five seeds in each, and incubated at 22 ± 2°C for seven days, under 12 h of alternating light/dark conditions. The first assessment was performed on the fourth day after isolation. The health status analysis of soybean seed showed that Peronospora manshuri...
Soybean time of flowering and maturity are genetically controlled by genes. Different allelic combinations of these genes determine soybean adaptation to a specific latitude. The paper describes the first attempt to assess adaptation of... more
Soybean time of flowering and maturity are genetically controlled by genes. Different allelic combinations of these genes determine soybean adaptation to a specific latitude. The paper describes the first attempt to assess adaptation of soybean genotypes developed and realized at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia [Novi Sad (NS) varieties and breeding lines] based on gene variation, as well as to comparatively assess gene variation in North-American (NA), Chinese, and European genotypes, as most of the studies published so far deal with North-American and Chinese cultivars and breeding material. Allelic variation and distribution of the major maturity genes (, and ) has been determined in 445 genotypes from soybean collections of NA ancestral lines, Chinese germplasm, and European varieties, as well as NS varieties and breeding lines. The study showed that allelic combinations of - genes significantly determined the adaptation of varieties to different geograph...