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The NEDEMO project is a network of pluridisciplinary research aiming at iden fying the demographic parameters (ferr lity, survival, structure and varia on in the size of the popula on) that resulted in Neandertal demise. Three scenarios... more
The NEDEMO project is a network of pluridisciplinary research aiming at iden fying the demographic parameters (ferr lity, survival, structure and varia on in the size of the popula on) that resulted in Neandertal demise. Three scenarios have been proposed: • Modern humans replaced Neandertals in Europe; • Modern humans assimilated the Neandertal popula on; • Modern humans replaced and partly assimilated Neandertals. To determine which of the three proposed scenarios is most likely, we will use an approach based on demographic modeling, which is widely employed in ecology for the study of the dynamics of animal populaa ons. As in all modeling work, we will simplify and interlink biological, social and environmental processes that may explain the disappearance of the Neandertals. This approach will also enable us to test diff erent hypotheses and, in addii on, to determine the value of a priori parameters that are not measurable. To model the past popula on dynamics of Neandertals, we use the Leslie matrix which requires knowledge of the survival and the ferr lity rates for each age group from birth to 50 years-old. Although the Neandertal demographic parameters are not known with precision, they can be inferred through the integra on of data provided by other disciplines and by compara ve analyses. First results. It is not necessary to infer dras c demographic changes. Very small diff erences in ferr lity or in survival rates may cause enormous diff erences over a period of ten thousand years in total popula on size and they can also account for ex ncc on. We aim to design models of popula on gene cs to test whether Modern humans (MHS) have assimilated the Neandertal popula on (HN) or not. Analysis of three models of admixture, with varying demographic parameters, will allow quan fi caa on of three possible sources of HN contribuu on: (i) a sole instantaneous event in Middle-East at-50Ka; (ii) an introgression in Middle-East at-100Ka, then a backward migra on of admixed MHS in Africa, followed by a peopling of Europe and Asia (founder eff ect + possible admixture during expansion); (iii) a long term sex-biased gene fl ow during MSH expansion (mtDNA, which is maternally transmii ed, does not support an admixture). ! Available mammalian fossil datasets (e.g. Paleobiology database; pers. data) will provide a palaeological framework including structural proxies such as diversity, body size/ mass, diet and habitat, in order to iden fy their possible interacc ons in the framework of Neandertal popula on dynamics. Starr ng from well documented faunal units in me and space, the main clima c shii s (e.g. GIPS2 pulses) will also be integrated and cons tute the background of this palaecological analysis. One of the main challenges presented by this work will be to link key environmental changes to the Neandertal popula on in the limited me-scale of the last part of the Upper Pleistocene. The project's fi rst step involves the design and implementa on of a complex rela onal database employing quan taa ve and qualita ve data useful for iden fying rela onships between diff erent data sources. It will be easy for all the members of the consorr um to use this database. At present, researchers involved in the project come from anthropobiology, gene cs, ecology, paleoanthropology, and archeozoology. We hope to s mulate interest in this project among researchers in view of presen ng a broader interna onal project. This work has been produced within the framework of the Unit of Excellence LabexMed –Social Sciences and Humanii es at the heart of mull disciplinary research for the Mediterranean –which holds the following reference 10 – LABX-0090. This work has benefi ted from a state grant administered by the Agence Na olane de la Recherche for the project Inves ssements d'Avenir A*MIDEX which holds the reference n° ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02
Research Interests:
Communications orales et affichées de la 1836ème Journée de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris parues dans Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris , 23 S1-S40
ThisarticleoffersacriticalreviewofpopulationestimatesfortheNeanderthalmetapopulationbasedon(paleo-)biological,archaeological,climatic,andgeneticdata.WhatdothesedatatellusaboutputativeNeanderthalde-mography?Biologicaldatasuggestasimilardemog... more
ThisarticleoffersacriticalreviewofpopulationestimatesfortheNeanderthalmetapopulationbasedon(paleo-)biological,archaeological,climatic,andgeneticdata.WhatdothesedatatellusaboutputativeNeanderthalde-mography?Biologicaldatasuggestasimilardemographicframe(life-historytraits,suchaspotentialmaximumlongevity,ageatmenarche,anddurationofgestation)betweenNeanderthalsandmodernhumans.Archaeologicaldatahaverevealedacontradictionbetweenthemortalitypatterncorrespondingto45yrinNeanderthalsandthelongevitydisplayedbythemanifestcontinuumofextantmammals,includingprimates.PaleoclimaticdatasuggestthatthedemographyofNeanderthals,livingastheydidunderhighly
Depuis la première découverte de fossiles néandertaliens, les paléoanthropologues se sont intéressés à ce taxon et ont apporté des réponses visant à expliquer son histoire et son extinction. À partir de 1997, la paléogénétique a commencé,... more
Depuis la première découverte de fossiles néandertaliens, les paléoanthropologues se sont intéressés à ce taxon et ont apporté des réponses visant à expliquer son histoire et son extinction. À partir de 1997, la paléogénétique a commencé, elle aussi, à étudier la question, en s’appuyant sur l’analyse de l’ADN mitochondrial (l’ADNmt) puis sur celle de l’ADN nucléaire (l’ADNn) d’une quinzaine de fossiles répartis entre l’Europe et l’Asie. Dans cette courte synthèse, nous allons nous intéresser aux contributions respectives de ces deux disciplines, la paléoanthropologie et la paléogénétique, contributions qui sous-tendent les quatre propositions suivantes: l’Homme de Néandertal est différent de l’Homme actuel; la divergence entre la lignée de Néandertal et celle de l’Homme actuel est ancienne; l’Homme de Néandertal n’a pas contribué au pool génétique mitochondrial de l’Homme actuel; l’Homme de Néandertal est constitué d’une seule population de taille réduite. Cette analyse permet de faire le point sur nos connaissances concernant l’Homme de Néandertal et de prendre toute la mesure de l’importance d’une approche pluridisciplinaire sur un tel sujet. Since the initial discovery of the Neanderthal, these fossils have been subject to intense scrutiny by paleoanthropologists, and numerous hypotheses about their biological history and theories about their extinction have been proposed. Beginning in 1997, a dozen Neanderthal fossils, from sites in Europe through Asia, have been sequenced and partial mtDNA (mitochrondrial DNA) and nDNA (nuclear DNA) sequences have been obtained. By studying these sequences, paleogenetics has provided complementary explanations about Neanderthal life and disappearance. In this brief overview, we focus mainly on the contributions of these two disciplines in order to examine four points: the difference between Neanderthals and modern humans; how ancient the divergence was between the Neanderthal and modern human lineages; whether the Neanderthals contributed to the mtDNA of modern humans; and if the Neanderthals may be characterized as a single and small-sized Neanderthal population.
Data from 2,666 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) born in France, submitted during the period of 1992-1996 to the French registry for CF, were used to describe the different mutations, their frequency and their regional distribution. A... more
Data from 2,666 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) born in France, submitted during the period of 1992-1996 to the French registry for CF, were used to describe the different mutations, their frequency and their regional distribution. A total of 5,332 CF chromosomes have been analyzed, demonstrating 229 different mutations and accounting for 87% of CF genes in the French population. DeltaF508 is the most common mutation at 67.9% of CF mutations, followed by G542X (2.5%), N1303K (2.0%), 1717-1G-->A (1.2%), R553X (0.8%) and G551D (0.7%). The data show a clear geographical variation in the distribution of many of the mutations. Given the geographical heterogeneity of these mutations, carrier screening does not appear to be feasible in most French regions.
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed by natural killer cells are cell surface molecules able to recognize groups of HLA class I alleles. The number and distribution of KIR genes vary among individuals and... more
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed by natural killer cells are cell surface molecules able to recognize groups of HLA class I alleles. The number and distribution of KIR genes vary among individuals and populations. The aim of this study is to analyse the KIR gene content in a Comorian population in order to investigate genetic relationships with other populations and to reconstruct past migration events. The Comorian population consisted of 54 unrelated immigrants living in France and a control population consisted of 38 individuals from Southeast France. We investigated the presence or absence of 15 KIR genes, two pseudogenes expressed and non-expressed forms of KIR2DL5 and the two major subtype full-length and deleted forms of KIR2DS4. All individuals were typed positive for the framework genes, i.e. KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL3, and the two pseudogenes KIR3DP1 and KIR2DP1. The frequencies of full-length KIR2DS4 (*00101/00102/002) were lower in the French population (F = 29%) than in the Comorian population (F = 72%) (Pc < 0.05). No significant differences were found for other KIR genes. A total of 11 genotypes were identified in the Southeast French population and 22 genotypes in the Comorian population. The most common genotype (2DL1, 2DL3, 2DL4, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL3 and 2DS4) accounted for 41% in the Comorian population and 34% in the Southeast French population. Principal component analysis using KIR gene data from 20 populations was performed to determine genetic differences and relations between populations. The Comorian population exhibited closest kinship with Africans and Asians. As KIR gene content is heterogeneous among ethnic groups, it can probably be used to assess the genetic relationships among populations from different geographic areas.
Data from 2,666 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) born in France, submitted during the period of 1992-1996 to the French registry for CF, were used to describe the different mutations, their frequency and their regional distribution. A... more
Data from 2,666 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) born in France, submitted during the period of 1992-1996 to the French registry for CF, were used to describe the different mutations, their frequency and their regional distribution. A total of 5,332 CF chromosomes have been analyzed, demonstrating 229 different mutations and accounting for 87% of CF genes in the French population. DeltaF508 is the most common mutation at 67.9% of CF mutations, followed by G542X (2.5%), N1303K (2.0%), 1717-1G--&amp;gt;A (1.2%), R553X (0.8%) and G551D (0.7%). The data show a clear geographical variation in the distribution of many of the mutations. Given the geographical heterogeneity of these mutations, carrier screening does not appear to be feasible in most French regions.
The frequencies of the different haplotypes identified at the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus were analyzed for both phenylketonuria (PKU) and normal haplotypes of various European, Asiatic, Polynesian and Black American... more
The frequencies of the different haplotypes identified at the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus were analyzed for both phenylketonuria (PKU) and normal haplotypes of various European, Asiatic, Polynesian and Black American populations. These molecular variants were studied by applying a specific model of multivariate analysis of variance, allowing an estimation of components of variance at different levels of hierarchical subdivisions (intrapopulation, among different geographical groups of populations, and between PKU and normal haplotypes within populations). The results indicate that the PAH polymorphism could be appropriate to study divergence between African, European and Asiatic population groups, but is not sufficient to explain the diversity among European populations. However, the differences in PAH haplotype frequencies between PKU and normal haplotypes are statistically significant over all European populations.
Flemish emigration during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is too complex to be dealt with definitively in a single article. Our main objective is to provide an overview of the migration towards France and Wallonia by looking at its... more
Flemish emigration during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is too complex to be dealt with definitively in a single article. Our main objective is to provide an overview of the migration towards France and Wallonia by looking at its chronology, and the spatial ...
ABSTRACT
Flemish emigration during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is too complex to be dealt with definitively in a single article. Our main objective is to provide an overview of the migration towards France and Wallonia by looking at its... more
Flemish emigration during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is too complex to be dealt with definitively in a single article. Our main objective is to provide an overview of the migration towards France and Wallonia by looking at its chronology, and the spatial distribution of emigrants and their descendants. In this effort, patronym distribution is very helpful. As markers of migratory movements, patronyms from a collection of nominative lists give us a handle on migration flows as no other evidence can. Comparing France and Wallonia, the two destination areas, it is possible to see similarities between types of migrants: workers in heavy industry, workers in the agricultural sector, and workers engaged in domestic services. In addition, three phases may be identified in the arrival of a Flemish population in France and Wallonia: an emigration phase, an integration phase, and a redistribution phase. The last phase is also part of the urbanization process and is linked with upward social mobility.
ABSTRACT
The Basques demonstrate peculiar characteristics regarding blood group systems. Although ABO, Rhesus, and Duffy have been extensively studied in this population, the distribution of other groups remains largely unknown. Therefore, we... more
The Basques demonstrate peculiar characteristics regarding blood group systems. Although ABO, Rhesus, and Duffy have been extensively studied in this population, the distribution of other groups remains largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the frequency of less-explored- or still noninvestigated blood groups using DNA-based assays and interpreted these data in the view of population genetics. Polymorphisms of KEL (Kell), SLCA14A1 (Kidd), GYPA/GYPB (MNS), ART4 (Dombrock), AQP1 (Colton), and ACHE (Yt) blood group genes were determined from a sample of more than 100 autochthonous French Basques using allele-specific primer PCR (PCR-ASP) methods. Our results were compared with those previously obtained by the use of serology from both Basque and nonBasque European populations. MNS*1 and JK*1 allele frequencies were comparable with those reported from Basque samples. Conversely, the KEL*1 allele frequency differed significantly. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the other three systems are studied in the Basque population. DO*1 and CO*1 allele frequencies, being respectively 0.35 and 0.96, were significantly inferior to those published from various European populations. There were some discrepancies regarding these six blood systems when comparing molecular typing with serology. These findings may be explained by differences in either criteria for individual selection or technical assays. Nevertheless, these results constitute additional data to be included in the chapter of Basque biological anthropology. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Summary.  When excluding haemophilia and von Willebrand disease, coagulation factors deficiencies constitute rare autosomal recessive disorders (<1 in 500 000) of less precisely defined epidemiology. We have reported herein the... more
Summary.  When excluding haemophilia and von Willebrand disease, coagulation factors deficiencies constitute rare autosomal recessive disorders (<1 in 500 000) of less precisely defined epidemiology. We have reported herein the distribution of these entities in the French Basque Country, a genetic isolate of very old individualization with peculiar biological specificities. The prevalence of these disorders was markedly high, especially, as already shown, factor XI deficiency. This unusual profile needs to be discussed in the view of population genetics.
The distribution of HFE mutations was studied in patients from the French Basque Country with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). The C282Y mutation was underrepresented but H63D seemed to demonstrate the highest prevalence when compared... more
The distribution of HFE mutations was studied in patients from the French Basque Country with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). The C282Y mutation was underrepresented but H63D seemed to demonstrate the highest prevalence when compared with other European countries. In addition, symptomatic HH was rarer in autochthonous Basques. This profile is interesting to consider in view of population genetics and should be associated with the search for non-HFE mutations.
Summary. Because peculiar profiles for some genetic haematological diseases have been described among Basques, we aimed to investigate the distribution of haemophilia among this specific population. Hence, we retrospectively assessed all... more
Summary. Because peculiar profiles for some genetic haematological diseases have been described among Basques, we aimed to investigate the distribution of haemophilia among this specific population. Hence, we retrospectively assessed all the cases of factor (F) VIII and FIX deficiencies seen in the French Basque country during a 16-year period. Data on 41 patients with haemophilia (FVIII or FIX = 25%) were compiled. Incidence and prevalence for the whole population ranged within the classical limits (but with an unusually high A : B ratio) and tended to be slightly lower in autochthonous Basques (P = n.s.). Our data did not support significant differences in the distribution of this disease among French Basques.
The Basques demonstrate marked specificities regarding language, genetics and culture among all European populations. They live at the Western end of the Pyrenees along the Atlantic Ocean and are thought to represent the descendants of... more
The Basques demonstrate marked specificities regarding language, genetics and culture among all European populations. They live at the Western end of the Pyrenees along the Atlantic Ocean and are thought to represent the descendants of the Upper-Palaeolithic men. We have investigated French Basques for several genetic hematology markers including hemotypology (ABO and Rhesus groups) and inherited diseases such as genetic hemochromatosis (iron overload mainly related to the C282Y mutation), factor V Leiden (the most important inherited prothrombotic risk factor among Europeans) and coagulation factors deficiency. We found that this population has vonserved its peculiar hemotypology profile described many decades ago but with interprovince heterogeneity. The C282Y mutation was less prevalent than in European neighbouring populations and we noted a quasi-absence of factor V Leiden. In contrast, an unusual high frequency of factor XI deficiency (a rare coagulation condition worldwide) was evidenced and associated with the still unpublished Cys38Arg mutation, this finding being suggestive of a founder effect. Our results, interpreted in the view of population genetics, could contribute to a better understanding of the history of the Basque people.
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L’étude du génome humain et de plusieurs fossiles montre que nos ancêtres se sont hybridés à diverses reprises avec les espèces humaines archaïques qu’ils ont rencontrées. Nous devons beaucoup à ces métissages
Degioanni Anna. Approche patronymique dans des études de génétique. In: Nouvelle revue d&#39;onomastique, n°35-36, 2000. pp. 3-12
Les pyrénées se distinguent par un important cloisonnement géographique (vallées parallèles orientées sud/nord), auquel l’histoire a surimposé une diversification linguistique et culturelle (basque versus occitan ; béarn versus bigorre).... more
Les pyrénées se distinguent par un important cloisonnement géographique (vallées parallèles orientées sud/nord), auquel l’histoire a surimposé une diversification linguistique et culturelle (basque versus occitan ; béarn versus bigorre). Si la réalité de cette complexité n’est pas contestable, en revanche, il est difficile d’en mesurer l’importance et d’en apprécier la stabilité ou les modifications que les mouvements de populations survenus au tournant de ce siècle auraient pu provoquer. L’é..
Communications orales et affichées de la 1837ème Journée de la Société d&#39;Anthropologie de Paris parues dans Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d&#39;Anthropologie de Paris , 24 S1-S3
The authors demonstrate the use of patronymic data for the study of relations among populations and migration. Various studies using French data mostly historical are presented and discussed. (ANNOTATION)
A Bayesian method is suggested for estimating the probability of the geographical origins of immigrants in a given area, using surname frequencies and changes over time. This method is applied to the case of immigrants leaving rural or... more
A Bayesian method is suggested for estimating the probability of the geographical origins of immigrants in a given area, using surname frequencies and changes over time. This method is applied to the case of immigrants leaving rural or small districts to settle large urban areas at the time of World War I. The diversity of the origins of these new urban dwellers is linked to the specific geographical and historical features of the cities receiving immigrants.
La France et la Belgique ont longtemps partagé la même histoire, leur séparation définitive ne datant que de 1830, lors de la création du royaume de Belgique. Cette séparation récente n’a toutefois pas mis fin aux échanges migratoires... more
La France et la Belgique ont longtemps partagé la même histoire, leur séparation définitive ne datant que de 1830, lors de la création du royaume de Belgique. Cette séparation récente n’a toutefois pas mis fin aux échanges migratoires entre les deux pays. Ils ne furent pas favorisés seulement par la proximité géographique mais aussi par les conditions et les évolutions démographiques et économiques contrastées prévalant dans les différentes régions de ces deux pays. Ainsi, les Flandres du déb..
S Neanderthals, throughout their existence, occupied a vast territory between Europe and Asia. Their rather rapid extinction coincided with the arrival of Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) in Europe. Although the causes of Neanderthal... more
S Neanderthals, throughout their existence, occupied a vast territory between Europe and Asia. Their rather rapid extinction coincided with the arrival of Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) in Europe. Although the causes of Neanderthal extinction have yet to be established, there are several hypotheses, researchers favouring the one in which AMH competed for resources with Neanderthals, who were at a disadvantage. To understand Neanderthal demography, this paper presents different models for the last 15,000 years preceding their disappearance. Different scenarios were tested using data available from the scientific literature. The results indicate that Neanderthals should have survived, and therefore, that the scenarios modelled are “unlikely” since we know that they did not. Consequently, either the scenarios modelled have not been correctly constructed or the values used are not close enough to reality. Accordingly, the values of the demographic parameters that could have determined...
MeN-Script R est une donnée complémentaire à l&#39;article de Louise Ouvrard et d&#39;Anna Degioanni « Modélisation de l&#39;extinction de Néandertal », paru dans Préhistoires méditerranéennes vol. 9.1|2021. Ce script a été rédigé et... more
MeN-Script R est une donnée complémentaire à l&#39;article de Louise Ouvrard et d&#39;Anna Degioanni « Modélisation de l&#39;extinction de Néandertal », paru dans Préhistoires méditerranéennes vol. 9.1|2021. Ce script a été rédigé et utilisé par Louise Ouvrard dans le cadre de son mémoire de Master 2 (Aix-Marseille Univ, MMSH, LAMPEA), « Extinction du Néandertal : l&#39;impact des croisements et de la compétition avec l&#39;Homme anatomiquement moderne », année universitaire 2020/2021.
Three years ago we started the multidisciplinary project NeDeMo (Neandertal Demise Modelisation) with the explicit goal of identifying crucial demographic parameters that resulted in Neandertal demise by evaluating vital statistics [ESHE... more
Three years ago we started the multidisciplinary project NeDeMo (Neandertal Demise Modelisation) with the explicit goal of identifying crucial demographic parameters that resulted in Neandertal demise by evaluating vital statistics [ESHE 1, 2, 3]. In order to improve our models, the group NeMoMo was created. We present here the preliminary palaeoecological trends focusing initially on a faunal database [4] that now includes 149 French local faunal assemblages from OIS 5 to OIS 2. The database incorporates 120 large and small mammals (including Chiroptera) determined at species level with a few exceptions such as Bos/Bison, Oryctolagus/Lepus and Vulpes/Alopex. First we tested our sample with the Completeness Index (CI) between time intervals and thanks to taxon free method, we combined, diet, habitat, evolution of body mass, Predators Preys Ratio (PPR), Sørensen–Dice index (QS), species richness and rarefaction curves of faunal associations through time. Finally, factorial analysis is used to detect underlying structures from these associations in order to identify the dynamics and the main ecological trends for each temporal unit during the Upper Pleistocene (OIS 5 to 2).
... Pierre DARLU*, Anna DEGIOANNI** et Jacques RUFFIE***, qui avaient utilise la meme source pour proposer une etude sur l&amp;#x27;immigration italienne en France dans un precedent numero de Population, etudient ici la variabilite... more
... Pierre DARLU*, Anna DEGIOANNI** et Jacques RUFFIE***, qui avaient utilise la meme source pour proposer une etude sur l&amp;#x27;immigration italienne en France dans un precedent numero de Population, etudient ici la variabilite geographique des patrony-mes a l&amp;#x27;interieur du ...
ABSTRACT
the cause of the demise of the Neandertals, the well-known middle Pleistocene population, is the topic of an unresolved debate.the demographic differences between Neanderthals and modern humans (fecundity rate or diversity in timing of... more
the cause of the demise of the Neandertals, the well-known middle Pleistocene population, is the topic of an unresolved debate.the demographic differences between Neanderthals and modern humans (fecundity rate or diversity in timing of maturation) mayhave had a major impact on this demise. the aim of our study is to analyze this phenomenon using a demographic approach inaccord with the hypothesis that the Neanderthal population was already demographically weakened or endangered when modernhumans arrived in Europe. We began [1, 2] to analyze this phenomenon in terms of a very simple demographic approach in orderto test the hypothesis that demographic variations in fertility and/or survival rates might have led to a reduction in the size of theNeanderthal population. In this paper we propose a more complex model on the basis of animal ecology, aiming to identify param-eters that correspond to the decay and extinction of the Neandertal population over a period of 10,000 years, beginnin...
Neandertal est un Hominide typique du Paleolithique moyen en Europe. Les causes de sa disparition font l&#39;objet d&#39;un grand debat scientifique, et de nombreuses hypotheses ont ete avancees. L’hypothese la plus repandue est que la... more
Neandertal est un Hominide typique du Paleolithique moyen en Europe. Les causes de sa disparition font l&#39;objet d&#39;un grand debat scientifique, et de nombreuses hypotheses ont ete avancees. L’hypothese la plus repandue est que la competition avec l’Homme moderne, accompagnee de grands changements climatiques du pleniglaciaire (OIS 3), a entraine un &quot;turn-over&quot; majeur des ressources naturelles.Notre objectif est de verifier si la population neandertalienne n’etait pas deja sur le declin et aurait pu disparaitre, independamment de l’intervention de l’Homme moderne. Pour ce faire, nous cherchons a identifier les parametres demographiques qui auraient pu determiner la disparition des Neandertals, population subdivisee en trois sous-populations geographiquement distinctes (Fabre et al.), ayant des parametres demographiques propres et un faible taux d&#39;echange d&#39;individus entre elles.Ce travail repose sur l’utilisation d’un modele demographique simple, qui tient com...
Patronymics are highly desirable when studying the stability or mobility of men in geographic space. That is so because patronymics transfer in stable fashion from father to son and because they present notable specificities through the... more
Patronymics are highly desirable when studying the stability or mobility of men in geographic space. That is so because patronymics transfer in stable fashion from father to son and because they present notable specificities through the cantonal or communal levels. These transmission and distribution features give patronymics clear advantages which very early attracted the attention of genealogists demographers and historians. The analysis of the spatial distribution of patronymics and its evolution over time facilitates the localization of regions-borders which form barriers between men and transition zones in which migration and exchanges freely occur. Such analysis also permits the estimation of the magnitude and directionality of migratory fluxes between varying geographic zones or different groups of human populations. The authors describe how Darwin was one of the first people to use patronymics in a genetic perspective. Mean consanguinity of a population parentage and patrony...
ABSTRACT Communications orales et affichées de la 1836ème Journée de la Société d&amp;#39;Anthropologie de Paris parues dans Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d&amp;#39;Anthropologie de Paris , 23 S1-S40
Flemish emigration during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is too complex to be dealt with definitively in a single article. Our main objective is to provide an overview of the migration towards France and Wallonia by looking at its... more
Flemish emigration during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is too complex to be dealt with definitively in a single article. Our main objective is to provide an overview of the migration towards France and Wallonia by looking at its chronology, and the spatial ...
L&#x27;étude des gènes des néandertaliens a livré quatre informations: l&#x27;homme de Néandertal était distant génétiquement de nos ancêtres; sa lignée est ancienne; il n&#x27;a pas contribué) notre patrimoine génétique; les... more
L&#x27;étude des gènes des néandertaliens a livré quatre informations: l&#x27;homme de Néandertal était distant génétiquement de nos ancêtres; sa lignée est ancienne; il n&#x27;a pas contribué) notre patrimoine génétique; les Néandertaliens, peu nombreux, ont occupé un vaste ...
ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
Laboratoire Polymorphisme Génétique Humain, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS-AM), 149 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France. Laboratoire d&#x27;Anthropologie Biologique et d&#x27;Adaptabilité Humaine, UMR 6578... more
Laboratoire Polymorphisme Génétique Humain, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS-AM), 149 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France. Laboratoire d&#x27;Anthropologie Biologique et d&#x27;Adaptabilité Humaine, UMR 6578 CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Université ...
ABSTRACT
Communications orales et affichées de la 1836ème Journée de la Société d&#39;Anthropologie de Paris parues dans Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d&#39;Anthropologie de Paris , 23 S1-S40
Communications orales et affichées de la 1836ème Journée de la Société d&#39;Anthropologie de Paris parues dans Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d&#39;Anthropologie de Paris , 23 S1-S40