NOOR UL HADI

Taking into consideration the limitations of recently published studies, the present study explores the diverse outcomes of HR practices (training being one of them). From a literature-based view, it was found that organisational training improves learning capability in employees if psychological association (the value held) persuades them not to leave the organisation. The relationship between training and organisational performance is explained by employees' performance as well as organisational learning. Findings from this study have practical implications for HR managers and training institutions, and theoretical implications for academics. The formation of intangible assets is a key source of sustainable competitive advantage even in environmental volatility.

While a huge number of regular customers in Australia, Japan, USA, Canada and European countries have established a comfort level with shopping online on a regular basis, in developing countries it remains in an infancy stage. This research aims to explore the reasons that drive people in developing countries to buy online. The e-commerce industry with a general focus on Internet and online shopping examine application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), in particularly the barriers. We put the factors, the online racing through the analysis of the data. Note that among the 10 factors to affect the online shopping; social, technical, trust and affection are especially important factor for customers in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia

To investigates the importance of customer satisfaction in Pakistani mobile telecommunication market. This study explores whether customer satisfaction affects the relationship between customer loyalty and service quality, and also between customer loyalty and perceived value. The study found the coefficient of determination (R 2) for the overall model to be considerable. The role of customer satisfaction was significant in assessing the contribution of exogenous constructs to the R 2 value of endogenous constructs (f 2 > 0.35). All exogenous constructs in the model had good predictive relevance for endogenous constructs, as Q 2 value was above the threshold (0.156 for customer satisfaction, and 0.467 for customer loyalty). The q 2 effect size of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty is large (q 2 = 0.448). VAF accounted for more than 80% of both indirect effects, indicating the importance of customer satisfaction on the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty, and between perceived value and customer loyalty.

In the structural model, it is a necessary but not sufficient condition to compare the beta of direct path with the product term of indirect path to interpret the results of mediation analysis. This study applies a step-by-step process on illustrative data by means of PLS-SEM with the application of SmartPLS3. It evaluates four variables (perceived value, service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty) from the literature on marketing. Survey results confirm the validity of measurement models, and predictive relevancy of the structural model. These four variables explain a large amount of variance. The study also found that the effect of mediator on the R 2 (endogenous latent variable) value is large. Furthermore, the study found the significance of indirect effect with a t value above 1.96. On magnitude of mediation, the survey confirmed customer satisfaction as a mediator, fully mediating the relationship between perceived value and customer loyalty; while customer satisfaction as a mediator partially mediates the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. In conclusion, the paper offers a comprehensive understanding of mediation analysis. In the growing trend of 2 nd-generation structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the analysis, and reporting of complex models (particularly the mediation model) is a challenge. Studies, therefore, often draw conclusions concerning mediation analysis based on step rather than process. In their book " A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) " , Hair et al. (2014: 224) discuss the importance of mediation analysis, mentioning that mediation analysis in PLS-SEM is a step-by-step activity (a process) rather than a step. They further clarify that comparing the beta of direct path with the product term of indirect path (compound path) is a necessary but not sufficient condition for mediation analysis. This present study seeks to go beyond, to assist researchers, students, and academicians in comprehending the nature of mediation analysis using PLS-SEM through

The purpose of this paper is to allow researchers, instructors, and students to comprehend the nature of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) from marketing perspective. In particular, the paper offer realistic information from marketing literature on developing valid instruments and making decision regarding factor extraction, factor rotation, and factor labeling. Since the items and factors identified through EFAs are using as an input for the measurement model in second generation structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. While so doing, a pilot test was conducted and items from marketing literature were analyzed via principal component analysis (PCA) using SPSS 20, the appropriateness of data for EFA was measured through KMO and Bartlett's test of Sphericity. Based on parallel analysis three factors were extracted for further investigation. The three components explained a total of 62.6% of the variance.

In this paper, the transferability of supermarket and online shopping mall in developing countries are examined by focusing the capital city of Saudi Arabia Riyadh as case in point.to find out the correct figures of customers who are using the latest technology for their personal use in Riyadh regions. The data about gender males and females are collected regarding their preferences for grocery products shopping. It also presents the expression of their views about their shopping choices. The result of empirical studies comparing the grocery shopping online and super market in central city Riyadh; it also bestows insight diffusion of super market and online shopping mall among the local population in Riyadh and offer to facilitate the diffusion process. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors which promote the customers of e-shopping services in Saudi Arabia. This research is conducted with the help of primary data survey, collected in Riyadh from online Costumers services and online customers, the implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented