Hafidz K . Jati

Perang Rusia dan Ukraina belum usai, situasi di Laut China Selatan terus memanas. Indonesia dengan wilayah laut yang terbuka memerlukan strategi pertahanan laut terbaik, untuk menjamin perhanan dan keamanan pada seluruh wilayahnya. Membangun sistempertahanandan kemanan terbaik dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara salah satunya dengan mempelajari sejarah pertempuran di laut yang pernah terjadi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kemanfaatan untuk membangun strategi pertahanan laut dari peristiwa pertempuran Scapa Flow. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif studi Pustaka dengan teori strategi Clausewitz. Hasil analisis dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa, pertahanan terkuat sekalipun dapat ditembus jika dilakukan secara monoton. Sistem pertahanan tidak dapat dibangun hanya dengan memperkuat ke dalam saja tetapi juga harus memperhatikan faktor eksternal, lingkungan dimana sebuah pangkalan laut berhadapan langsung dengan laut terbuka yang tidak mungkin sepenuhnya dapat dipastikan pengamananya terutama dalam menghadapi ancaman kapal selam. Kesimpulannya bahwa pertahanan terbaik adalah dengan melakukan kewaspadaan ke segala arah, ke dalam sekaligus keluar di dalam sebuah pangkalan militer terutama pangkalan laut yang memiliki lingkungan terbuka ke laut terbuka.

World War I had a significant influence on the formation of Indonesia’s national defence policy. During this period, Indonesia was still under Dutch colonial rule. However, World War I raised awareness and a sense of nationalism among Indonesian youth, which eventually became a catalyst for the Indonesian independence movement. World War I also influenced the Dutch national defense policy in Indonesia. The Netherlands built a defense system to protect its colonial territories from enemy attacks, including strengthening defense in Indonesian territories. This prompted Indonesia to strengthen its own national defense. This study aims to understand the influence of World War I on the formation of Indonesia’s national defense policy. The method used is qualitative method by utilizing relevant primary and secondary sources to the research topic. Researchers utilized the nationalism theory by Ernest Gellner, which states that World War I brought about nationalistic awareness among Indonesian youth. The results of the study indicate that World War I had a significant impact on the development of Indonesia’s national defense policy. The war raised awareness of nationalism and strengthened Indonesia’s desire to strengthen its own national defense. In conclusion, World War I had a significant impact on the formation of Indonesia’s national defense policey. The war raised awareness of nationalism and strengthened Indonesia’s desire for a stronger and more independent defense policy. Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of the influence of World War I on the formation of Indonesia’s national defense policy.

The Russia-Ukraine War is still rolling today, potential and factual threats can make the war even more late. In building a defense and security system the best can be done by studying the history of battles in the past. One of them is the Battle of Normandy which was fought by America and its allies with Germany in northern France. This article aims to gain benefits to build a better strategy for sea defense operations from the events of the Battle of Normandy and the Russia-Ukraine war. The method used is qualitative by using literature as a source of data. The results of the analysis and discussion carried out on these two events, the researcher found that both carried out the concept of implementing the Indirect Approach strategy echoed by Sir Basil Liddell Hart in which Ukraine carried out an unexpected attack on the Russian cruiser, Moskva, which caused the sinking the ship. So that the concept of the Indirect approach strategy carried out by America and its allies in the 2nd World War is still relevant to strategic maritime defense operations in the 21st century.