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In the Chansin quarry (Belgium), a horizontal karstic gallery which seems to be totally filled has been discovered. The study of this filling shows that it is composed of a residual alterite from the bedrock. The ghost-rock karstification... more
In the Chansin quarry (Belgium), a horizontal karstic gallery which seems to be totally filled has been discovered. The study of this filling shows that it is composed of a residual alterite from the bedrock. The ghost-rock karstification has stopped just after the first phase of this karstogenesis. The residual alterite is still present, without significant geometrical modification. The transition between the unaltered bedrock and the ghost-rock is very clear. We present the characteristics of this ghost-rock which is here regarded as a typical example of a pseudo-gallery and act as a reference for further definition.
Broken or deformed speleothems have been used as indicators of paleo-earthquakes since the 1990s; however, a causal link is difficult to prove except for some thin speleothems. In contrast, the presence of intact speleothems permits... more
Broken or deformed speleothems have been used as indicators of paleo-earthquakes since the 1990s; however, a causal link is difficult to prove except for some thin speleothems. In contrast, the presence of intact speleothems permits estimating an upper limit of the level of horizontal ground motions of past seismicity in the area. The natural frequencies of speleothems are fundamental parameters for their response to earthquakes. This study proposes a new method of in situ characterization of these natural frequencies. Tested in the Han-sur-Lesse cave (Belgian Ardennes), the method is based on recording the ambient seismic noise using three-component sensors on a stalagmite and a 3D laser scan of its shape. The ambient seismic noise records allow a precise determination of the eigenfrequencies of the stalagmite. In addition, numerical models based on the 3D scan show good consistency between measured and modeled data. The joint analysis of these two techniques concludes that the sha...
Le système karstique de Sprimont est riche de phénomènes karstiques variés dans un contexte géologique bien défini : un synclinal de carbonates carbonifères entourés au nord, à l’est et au sud par des formations famenniennes imperméables.... more
Le système karstique de Sprimont est riche de phénomènes karstiques variés dans un contexte géologique bien défini : un synclinal de carbonates carbonifères entourés au nord, à l’est et au sud par des formations famenniennes imperméables. À l’ouest, l’Ourthe recoupe le synclinal perpendiculairement à son axe d’allongement dans le cadre d’un relief appalachien typique et constitue le niveau de base karstique. Le relief consiste en un vallon orienté est-ouest dont l’axe coïncide avec celui du synclinal. Les ruisseaux qui descendent des hauteurs imperméables vers le vallon se perdent après leur entrée dans le domaine calcaire. Ces ruisseaux confluent sous terre pour résurger au « Trou Bleu », unique résurgence du système, non loin du talweg de l’Ourthe. Le système compte de nombreuses grottes, de dimensions souvent décamétriques. Quelques-unes sont de plus grande ampleur, dont la grotte du « Noû Bleû » récemment découverte, qui est un regard sur la rivière souterraine à quelques dizain...
To provide quantitative information on the ground acceleration necessary to break speleothems, laboratory measurements on samples of stalagmite have been performed to study their failure in bending. Due to their high natural frequencies,... more
To provide quantitative information on the ground acceleration necessary to break speleothems, laboratory measurements on samples of stalagmite have been performed to study their failure in bending. Due to their high natural frequencies, speleothems can be considered as rigid bodies to seismic strong ground motion. Using this simple hypothesis and the determined mechanical properties (a minimum value of 0.4 MPa for the tensile failure stress has been considered), modelling indicates that horizontal acceleration ranging from 0.3 m/s2 to 100 m/s2 (0.03 to 10g) are necessary to break 35 broken speleothems of the Hotton cave for which the geometrical parameters have been determined. Thus, at the present time, a strong discrepancy exists between the peak accelerations observed during earthquakes and most of the calculated values necessary to break speleothems. One of the future research efforts will be to understand the reasons of the defined behaviour. It appears fundamental to perform ...
Les calcaires à Astéries oligocènes de l'Entre-deux-Mers présentent une karstification marquée notamment par des systèmes de type perte-résurgence avec des grottes à développement horizontal. Des observations en carrière ont mis en... more
Les calcaires à Astéries oligocènes de l'Entre-deux-Mers présentent une karstification marquée notamment par des systèmes de type perte-résurgence avec des grottes à développement horizontal. Des observations en carrière ont mis en évidence la présence d'altérations de type fantômes de roche. Cet article décrit ceux de la carrière de Piquepoche exploitant la pierre de Frontenac. Nous y avons étudié des fantômes de roche possédant toujours leur altérite résiduelle et se développant essentiellement horizontalement avec des extensions verticales. L'altérite résiduelle offre des faciès de type calcarénite peu indurée jusqu'à un matériau mou qui a fait l'objet de prélèvements. La spéléogenèse des grottes est revue dans le cadre de l'érosion mécanique de l'altérite résiduelle d'un fantôme de roche horizontal suivie du surcreusement en écoulement libre aboutissant à une galerie présentant des banquettes latérales et des marmites de géant. Enfin, on montre qu...
Le réseau du trou Noir est un système karstique actif, de type perte-résurgence, se développant dans les calcaires poreux oligocènes du bas plateau de l'Entre-deux-Mers (Gironde). Six stalagmites fonctionnelles ont été prélevées pour... more
Le réseau du trou Noir est un système karstique actif, de type perte-résurgence, se développant dans les calcaires poreux oligocènes du bas plateau de l'Entre-deux-Mers (Gironde). Six stalagmites fonctionnelles ont été prélevées pour analyser l'enregistrement du signal environnemental en fonction de l'effet de site à l'intérieur de la grotte. Les marqueurs étudiés sont les fabriques cristallines, les indicateurs périodiques (lamination), les discontinuités ou diasthèmes, la porosité, la matière organique, et la radioactivité. En raison d'un rétrécissement situé vers le milieu du réseau, les trois spéléothèmes situés en amont ont enregistré de manière variable les fluctuations du niveau de la rivière, notamment des phases de sédimentation détritique (alternances argile/calcite), d'érosion (surface de ravinement interne), des chocs mécaniques (concrétions fissurées). En aval du rétrécissement, les trois autres stalagmites n'ont pas subi de phase d'ennoi...
Seismic risk is defined as the convolution of the seismic hazard and vulnerability. In the Mons Basin, the conjunction of strong ground motions and the deteriorated state of the built environment could result in a high seismic risk. Our... more
Seismic risk is defined as the convolution of the seismic hazard and vulnerability. In the Mons Basin, the conjunction of strong ground motions and the deteriorated state of the built environment could result in a high seismic risk. Our study aims at defining the level of ground motions at local scale and investigating the vulnerability of typical buildings in the historical center of Mons to produce maps indicating the damage rate of buildings. This information could facilitate urban planning and preservation of cultural heritage.
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La première campagne de terrain de la mission franco-iranienne portant sur le Paléolithique a concerné une cavité perchée du massif de Bisotoun, région de Kermanshah (sud du Zagros, Iran) découverte en 1986. Les sept premiers... more
La première campagne de terrain de la mission franco-iranienne portant sur le Paléolithique a concerné une cavité perchée du massif de Bisotoun, région de Kermanshah (sud du Zagros, Iran) découverte en 1986. Les sept premiers cosignataires ont participé à la phase terrain (2004) qui a consisté en une étude globale et interdisciplinaire de la petite grotte de Mar Tarik dont le remplissage avait été malheureusement affecté par des travaux clandestins qui ont détruit l’essentiel du gisement à l’exception de lambeaux de sédiments indurés et conservés dans la salle du fond. Outre des témoignages de fréquentation ou d’occupations d’âge historique, protohistorique (Chalcolithique) qui ne sont pas décrits ici, les vestiges paléolithiques révèlent une homogénéité évidente, concernant uniquement (ou presque) le Moustérien du Zagros. Une datation U/Th d’un spéléothème antérieur au niveau moustérien a été rapporté au Dernier interglaciaire (OIS 5e). Il est possible de distinguer la faune post-p...
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The surface of the causse du larzac (Grands Causses) shows many heap of underground calcitic concretions. These paleokarsts correspond to old galleries cut accross by karstic surface. In the aven de la Portalerie, lot of broken... more
The surface of the causse du larzac (Grands Causses) shows many heap of underground calcitic concretions. These paleokarsts correspond to old galleries cut accross by karstic surface. In the aven de la Portalerie, lot of broken speleothems (stalactites, stalagmites) and sheared stalagmitic ground, are recordings of some sismic and tectonic events. Different sorts of datations permit us to etablish chronological evolution and to correlate it with human activities.
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... Jean-Pierre Tshibangu1, Michel Van Ruymbeke2, Sara Vandycke3, Yves Quinif3, and Thierry Camelbeeck2 ... 1997), the structural analysis enables a good understanding of the globalgeo-dynamics in which the natural caving occurs; this is... more
... Jean-Pierre Tshibangu1, Michel Van Ruymbeke2, Sara Vandycke3, Yves Quinif3, and Thierry Camelbeeck2 ... 1997), the structural analysis enables a good understanding of the globalgeo-dynamics in which the natural caving occurs; this is achieved by micro-tectonic analysis ...
Abstract Very recent fault movements have left their imprint on the karstic morphology in caves of the Belgian Ardenne (Western Europe). To quantify these movements and to understand their possible causes, they have been measured since... more
Abstract Very recent fault movements have left their imprint on the karstic morphology in caves of the Belgian Ardenne (Western Europe). To quantify these movements and to understand their possible causes, they have been measured since 1997 in the Rochefort cave where this recent geological activity is clearly visible. Specific extensometers adapted to the underground conditions have been developed to measure very slow fault movements. In the Rochefort cave, the movements correspond to a normal mechanism along N070°E striking faults with a small sinistral strike-slip component. Ten years of measurements at the “Fontaine-Bagdad” fault, which shows the most significant displacement in the order of 0.3 m, evidences continuous relative movements of 0.04 mm/year and 0.01 mm/year in the fault dip and strike direction respectively. If the geological displacement has been continuous, the total displacement could have occurred since the end of the last glacial period. Microtectonic analysis from the recent striated faults suggests that the maximal principal horizontal stress is oriented N030°E. This direction is similar to that of the post last glacial period compressive stress resulting from the glacial isostatic adjustment in this part of Europe, but is perpendicular to the direction derived in Western Europe from earthquake fault plane solutions. We provide evidence that the fault movements cannot be caused by gravity due to the surface topography or the vacuum in the cave. We propose that these fault slips are an expression of the deformation of the lithosphere due to the compressive strain acting since the end of the last glacial period in the peripheral bulge of the flexure resulting from the unloading of the large ice sheet in Fennoscandia.
Résumé/Abstract In the aven de la Portalerie (Causse du Larzac, Aveyron), lot off broken speleothems let suppose at sismo-tectonic envents recording. The most often, a new speleothem grows on the break. Stalagmitic grounds are shifted by... more
Résumé/Abstract In the aven de la Portalerie (Causse du Larzac, Aveyron), lot off broken speleothems let suppose at sismo-tectonic envents recording. The most often, a new speleothem grows on the break. Stalagmitic grounds are shifted by new faults movements. ...
Résumé/Abstract portalerie (Larzac, Aveyron). Les données de la sismicité instrumentale et historique font apparaître les Grands Causses comme un secteur sismiquement et tectoniquement stable. Les méthodes conventionnelles de... more
Résumé/Abstract portalerie (Larzac, Aveyron). Les données de la sismicité instrumentale et historique font apparaître les Grands Causses comme un secteur sismiquement et tectoniquement stable. Les méthodes conventionnelles de l'analyse néotectonique vont ...
The highly anisotropic and heterogeneous hydrogeological characteristics of karst aquifers are difficult to characterize and present challenges for modeling of storage capacities. Little is known about the surface and groundwater... more
The highly anisotropic and heterogeneous hydrogeological characteristics of karst aquifers are difficult to characterize and present challenges for modeling of storage capacities. Little is known about the surface and groundwater interconnection, about the connection between the porous formations and the draining cave and conduits, and about the variability of groundwater volume within the system. Usually, an aquifer is considered as
In continental plate interiors, tectonic deformations are small and the associated ground surface movements remain close to or below the accuracy of current geodetic techniques, and at the limit of the noise level. An absolute gravimeter... more
In continental plate interiors, tectonic deformations are small and the associated ground surface movements remain close to or below the accuracy of current geodetic techniques, and at the limit of the noise level. An absolute gravimeter is an appropriate tool to quantify slow vertical movements, as this instrument, based on length and time standards, is drift free and does not
Proceedings of the Contact Forum “Geoheritage, Geoconservation & Geotourism” (15/11/2012) supported by the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts
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Seismic risk is defined as the convolution of the seismic hazard and vulnerability. In the Mons Basin, the conjunction of strong ground motions and the deteriorated state of the built environment could result in a high seismic risk. Our... more
Seismic risk is defined as the convolution of the seismic hazard and vulnerability. In the Mons Basin, the conjunction of strong ground motions and the deteriorated state of the built environment could result in a high seismic risk. Our study aims at defining the level of ground motions at local scale and investigating the vulnerability of typical buildings in the historical center of Mons to produce maps indicating the damage rate of buildings. This information could facilitate urban planning and preservation of cultural heritage.
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BRUXELLES L. et QUINIF Y. – 2010. –  – In : Grottes et karsts de France. Karstologia Mémoires, n° 19, Association française de karstologie, p. 56-57.
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