Mariana I Paludi
Universidad Mayor de Chile, Negocios, Faculty Member
- Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Industria, Faculty MemberSaint Mary's University (Canada), Sobey School of Business, Department Memberadd
- Gender Studies, Administration, Postcolonial Studies, Postcolonial Feminism, Latin America (Regional Country Studies), Gender and Politics, and 31 moreWomen's movement, Histories of Feminisms, Decolonialization, Colonialism and Imperialism, Equality Studies, Research Methodology, Business, Archival Studies, Critical Discourse Studies, Organizational Theory, Women's Studies, Social Sciences, Gender History, DISCRIMINATION AT WORK, Gender and Sexuality, Discourse Analysis, Gender and Work, Gender, Canadian History, Business History, Critical Theory, Organizational Behavior, Management, Feminist Theory, Behavioral Sciences, Critical Management Studies, Sensemaking (Organizational Behavior), Organization Theory, Management History, Critical Sensemaking, and Organizational Cultureedit
The intersectionality literature is based, in part, on the necessity of using identity categories, perpetuating further division and segregation of individuals within the literature. In line with CMS’ goal to question hegemonic discourses... more
The intersectionality literature is based, in part, on the necessity of using identity categories, perpetuating further division and segregation of individuals within the literature. In line with CMS’ goal to question hegemonic discourses that present only one way of doing things, this stream will convene papers that question the necessity of using identity categories within intersectionality scholarship.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
"Numerosos estudios abordaron la situación de la mujer en el ámbito laboral y, en menor medida, el impacto de su ingreso a las organizaciones. A pesar del interés manifestado en el desarrollo de la carrera de mujeres profesionales (cf.... more
"Numerosos estudios abordaron la situación de la mujer en el ámbito laboral y, en menor medida, el impacto de su ingreso a las organizaciones. A pesar del interés manifestado en el desarrollo de la carrera de mujeres profesionales (cf. Desarrollo de carrera y trayectoria de carrera; Robbins, 2004: 496-498; Bohlander, Snell & Sherman, 2001: 268-289), las investigaciones dan cuenta de que sólo una minoría acceden a los puestos gerenciales (FIEL, 2007; OECD, 2008). Este fenómeno se popularizó con el nombre Techo de Cristal (Catalyst, 1993). Esta perspectiva plantea la existencia de barreras invisibles que limitan el acceso a posiciones jerárquicas. En la actualidad, la baja cantidad de mujeres en puestos gerenciales sigue suscitando interrogantes.
El presente trabajo utiliza la perspectiva de los estereotipos de género y de la metáfora teatral de Goffman (2006b) con el objetivo de problematizar el escaso número de mujeres profesionales que detentan puestos gerenciales. Este trabajo está basado en un estudio de caso. La particularidad de la empresa INNO radica en que, aún habiendo implementado una política de diversidad para impulsar el desarrollo de carrera de mujeres profesionales, la proporción de ellas representadas en los niveles gerenciales es considerablemente menor en relación a los varones profesionales.
Las conclusiones extraídas a través del análisis de INNO coinciden con una vasta literatura que aduce que los puestos gerenciales se relacionan con atributos masculinos, replicándose el fenómeno piensa en gerente, piensa en varón (Schein, 1975, 1989, 1992 y 1996). A través de las categorías de análisis masculino y femenino, se evidenció un solapamiento entre atributos masculinos y atributos percibidos en puestos gerenciales. Adicionalmente, las premisas de la política de diversidad traen aparejado cierto grado de contradicción. Por un lado, establecen expresamente el valor que los atributos femeninos tienen para la compañía. Sin embargo, en los niveles gerenciales dichos atributos son invisibilizados, adquiriendo los atributos masculinos una mayor valoración simbólica. En la sección final de este trabajo se exponen las implicancias de este estudio para la gestión organizacional."
El presente trabajo utiliza la perspectiva de los estereotipos de género y de la metáfora teatral de Goffman (2006b) con el objetivo de problematizar el escaso número de mujeres profesionales que detentan puestos gerenciales. Este trabajo está basado en un estudio de caso. La particularidad de la empresa INNO radica en que, aún habiendo implementado una política de diversidad para impulsar el desarrollo de carrera de mujeres profesionales, la proporción de ellas representadas en los niveles gerenciales es considerablemente menor en relación a los varones profesionales.
Las conclusiones extraídas a través del análisis de INNO coinciden con una vasta literatura que aduce que los puestos gerenciales se relacionan con atributos masculinos, replicándose el fenómeno piensa en gerente, piensa en varón (Schein, 1975, 1989, 1992 y 1996). A través de las categorías de análisis masculino y femenino, se evidenció un solapamiento entre atributos masculinos y atributos percibidos en puestos gerenciales. Adicionalmente, las premisas de la política de diversidad traen aparejado cierto grado de contradicción. Por un lado, establecen expresamente el valor que los atributos femeninos tienen para la compañía. Sin embargo, en los niveles gerenciales dichos atributos son invisibilizados, adquiriendo los atributos masculinos una mayor valoración simbólica. En la sección final de este trabajo se exponen las implicancias de este estudio para la gestión organizacional."
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
PurposeThis paper explores working mothers’ coping strategies concerning paid and unpaid work in Chile and Argentina during the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper aimed to understand the influence of cultural norms on motherhood and neoliberal... more
PurposeThis paper explores working mothers’ coping strategies concerning paid and unpaid work in Chile and Argentina during the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper aimed to understand the influence of cultural norms on motherhood and neoliberal workplace practices on mothers’ sensemaking processes and coping strategies. This study focuses on mothers living in Chile and Argentina where governments established mandatory lockdowns between March and September 2020. Drawing on the notion of neoliberal motherhood, women’s demands were analyzed when paid work and mothering duties collide in time and space.Design/methodology/approachOpen-ended interviews were conducted with 17 women in Chile and Argentina. All interviewees had at least 1 child below the age of 6 and were working from home during the lockdown.FindingsNeoliberal workplace demands, and disadvantageous government policies greatly heightened the dual burdens of working mothers. Women were expected to fulfill the discourses of the neoli...
Research Interests:
En los últimos años se ha observado un avance en la carrera de mujeres profesionales por medio del uso de cuotas, regulaciones y acciones afirmativas, sin embargo, la proporción de mujeres en roles ejecutivos continúa siendo escasa y los... more
En los últimos años se ha observado un avance en la carrera de mujeres profesionales por medio del uso de cuotas, regulaciones y acciones afirmativas, sin embargo, la proporción de mujeres en roles ejecutivos continúa siendo escasa y los roles a los que acceden tienen una baja influencia en la toma de decisiones (Credit Suisse, 2014; oecd, 2016). A escala global, las mujeres representan un 12 % en los directorios de las grandes compañías (oecd, 2016). En compañías de países desarrollados, el 13,4 % del directorio son mujeres, en comparación con un 8,8 % en compañías de mercados emergentes (msci, 2014). Más aún, en países como Suecia, la paridad en la esfera pública, particularmente en la representación parlamentaria ha sido mucho más veloz que la paridad en el mundo corporativo haciendo evidente la persistencia de un techo de cristal para las mujeres en las empresas (André y Bourrousse, 2017). Los estudios que dan cuenta del limitado acceso de las mujeres a puestos gerenciales (fie...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to introduce decolonial feminist theorizing to the field of organizational history to explore issues of historical revisionism, hierarchy, power, and coloniality. This paper is a theoretical work and... more
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to introduce decolonial feminist theorizing to the field of organizational history to explore issues of historical revisionism, hierarchy, power, and coloniality. This paper is a theoretical work and uses empirical material from the archive of the company Pan American Airways (PAA) to exemplify possible interpretations when using decolonial feminist frameworks. We analyzed how representations of Latin Americans explore ideas of race, gender, and nationality? Drawing on the feminist and decolonial literature we suggest that the field of organizational history can profit from the reflexive nature of the colonial past and the possibility of thinking about the future by reflecting on the past (the mestiza way). In short, this work is a contribution to the ‘decolonial turn’, that shifts the way we produce knowledge by understanding that most social problems should be understood through consideration of the implications of modernity and coloniality. The work is part of a larger project on Pan American Airways (PAA) and the production of intersectionality – involving extensive archival research, including analysis of a range of documents such as letters between the airline’s Latin American Division (LAD) and its head office, tourist brochures, magazines, maps, as well as pictures of landscapes and people from the so-called Latin American region.
Research Interests:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on top women managers who act as change agents in the machista culture of Mexico. Specifically, the authors centre the attention not only on the strategies performed by these change agents to... more
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on top women managers who act as change agents in the machista culture of Mexico. Specifically, the authors centre the attention not only on the strategies performed by these change agents to reduce inequality, but also on understanding the way in which they discursively reproduce or challenge essentialist notions of gender with respect to the cultural and organizational context. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 top women managers in Mexico who are actively involved as change agents. A feminist poststructuralist methodological framework using critical discourse analysis was used to uncover competing notions of gender and related strategies developed to promote gender equality. Findings The analysis reveals that the 12 change agents perform strategies for inclusion, and only half of them engage in strategies for re-evaluation. The authors were unable to recognize whether these change agents are...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the critical management literature through a fusion of Latin and North American lenses (one author is from Argentina and one from Canada), to question the extant women in management... more
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the critical management literature through a fusion of Latin and North American lenses (one author is from Argentina and one from Canada), to question the extant women in management literature, which is rooted in an epistemology that serves to construct the notion of a broad, universal set of expectations of the role of men, women and managers, in which other ethnic groups, in this case men and women from so-called Latin American countries, are taken for granted. Design/methodology/approach – Using a critical sensemaking lens, the paper explores the narratives of female executives in Argentina to help us understand how these women make sense of their careers within a Latin American context and the implications and outcomes of this understanding. The paper's approach involves three interrelated elements – feminist poststructuralism, postcolonialism and critical sensemaking. Findings – The narratives from the Argentinian exec...
Research Interests:
RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para uma grande variedade de perspectivas teóricas e configurações empíricas para gerar evidências cumulativas sobre a influência de legados históricos e capacidade organizacional para gerenciar... more
RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para uma grande variedade de perspectivas teóricas e configurações empíricas para gerar evidências cumulativas sobre a influência de legados históricos e capacidade organizacional para gerenciar o passado. Continuando com a perspectiva crítica que desafia o domínio das epistemologias anglo-saxônicas nos estudos de gestão e organização, realizamos um estudo empírico sobre uma companhia aérea multinacional cujos sucessos passados dependiam das fronteiras norte/sul anglo-latino-americanas. Analisamos as grandes narrativas da Pan American Airways (PAA) a partir dos arquivos corporativos da empresa a fim de determinar quais os discursos dominantes acerca das pessoas da América Latina. Com base nos temas: política, economia e cultura, apresentamos três grandes narrativas, ou histórias oficiais, que sumariam os discursos da PAA acerca da América Latina entre 1927 e 1960. A partir do feminismo decolonial, buscamos recontextualizar o passado e o di...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This article explores how socio-geographical context has an impact on the experiences of embodied interactions in the workplace by examining how embodied relations are rationalized in Mexican organ...
Research Interests:
PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the discursive ways in which racialization affects the integration process of immigrants in present-day Canada. By drawing on a historical analysis, this paper shows how race continues to be impacted... more
PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the discursive ways in which racialization affects the integration process of immigrants in present-day Canada. By drawing on a historical analysis, this paper shows how race continues to be impacted by colonial principles implemented throughout the colonization process and during the formation stages of Canada as a nation. This paper contributes to management and organizational studies by shedding light on the taken-for-granted nature of discursive practices in organizations through problematizing contemporary societal and political engagements with “race”.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on critical diversity studies as theoretical framework to problematize a one-dimensional approach to race and diversity. Further, it applies the Foucauldian historical method (Foucault, 1981) to trace the construction of “race” over time and to show its impact on present-day discursive practices.FindingsThrough a discursive review of Canada’s past, ...
Research Interests:
This article explores the relationship between Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) and Latin America to understand the role of Western multinational corporations in the historical processes of postcoloniality—that is, the representation... more
This article explores the relationship between Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) and Latin America to understand the role of Western multinational corporations in the historical processes of postcoloniality—that is, the representation of the non-Western “other” to Western audiences. Informed by postcoloniality and the use of a critical hermeneutics method, we draw on 64 years of archived materials from the Pan American World Airways Collection 341, housed at the Otto Richter Library at the University of Miami, as well as numerous histories of the airline. Our findings show how Pan Am gained a powerful position, both politically and economically, which facilitated its ability to construct influential images of Latin American employees, citizens, and the idea of Latin America. Although Pan Am ceased operations in 1991, its years of dominance in South America had the capability to contribute and provide insights into our understanding of the continued postcolonial processes and the i...
Research Interests:
The term intersectionality made its entrance in the research community at the end of the twentieth century. Since that time, many different approaches to intersectionality have arisen that vary in discipline, methodology, epistemology,... more
The term intersectionality made its entrance in the research community at the end of the twentieth century. Since that time, many different approaches to intersectionality have arisen that vary in discipline, methodology, epistemology, and in conceptualization. Unfortunately though, little research has examined how to study or to apply intersectionality. While the broad research community has created a variety of conceptualizations of intersectionality, less work has been done on its application. This chapter examines the messiness and controversy of intersectionality, arguing that the problematic nature of the ‘operationalization’, or application, of intersectionality is integrally linked to its conceptualization across varying paradigmatic approaches.
Research Interests:
The aim of this article is contributing to a great variety of theoretical perspectives and empirical settings to generate cumulative evidence about the influence of historical legacies and organisational ability for managing the past. In... more
The aim of this article is contributing to a great variety of theoretical perspectives and empirical settings to generate cumulative evidence about the influence of historical legacies and organisational ability for managing the past. In a continuation of critical perspectives that challenges the dominance of Anglo-Saxon onto-epistemologies in management and organisation studies (MOS), we conducted an empirical study on a multinational airline company whose past successes depended on the North/South, Anglo/Latin American borderlands. We analysed the grand narratives of Pan American Airways' (PAA) corporate archival material to determine its dominant discourses about people from Latin America. Based on the three themes of politics, economics, and culture, we present three grand narratives, or official stories, that we argue summarise PAA storytelling about Latin America between 1927 and 1960. Following decolonial feminism, we aim to recontextualise the past and the hegemonic stor...
Research Interests:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to add to the existing research on critical perspectives on diversity management (DM). Specifically, this study examines the narratives of women chief executive officers (CEOs) from different countries... more
Purpose The purpose of this study is to add to the existing research on critical perspectives on diversity management (DM). Specifically, this study examines the narratives of women chief executive officers (CEOs) from different countries of origin to understand how they enact the DM discourse by drawing on their past and present experiences at US multinational corporations (MNCs) located in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach This study, based on six open-ended interviews with local and expatriate women CEOs who work in MNCs situated in Mexico, used a sensemaking approach to analyze their narratives. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on decolonial feminist theory, which is used to analyze the hierarchical binary between Anglo-Saxon/European woman and the Mexican/Latin American woman with respect to the discourse of DM. Findings This study found that the dominant discourse used by women CEOs, expats and nationals was a business case for diversity. Female CEOs represen...
Research Interests:
Purpose – This study focuses on top women managers who (discursively) act as change agents in the machista culture of Mexico. Specifically, we center our attention not only on the strategies performed by these change agents, but on... more
Purpose – This study focuses on top women managers who (discursively) act as change agents in the machista culture of Mexico. Specifically, we center our attention not only on the strategies performed by these change agents, but on understanding the way in which they may re-produce or challenge essentialist notions of gender to fit into the cultural and organizational context.
Design/methodology/approach - Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 top women managers in Mexico who are actively involved as change agents. A feminist poststructuralist methodological framework using critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used to uncover competing gender discourses and related strategies developed to reconcile, resist or reject them in efforts to promote gender equality.
Findings - Our analysis of the activities performed by these change agents shows that all of them perform strategies for inclusion, and just half of them engage in strategies for re-evaluation. None of these change agents perform strategies of transformation of gender as a structure of power. In terms of the discursive construction of gender, these top women managers both reproduce and challenge “essentialist” notions of gender. In some instances, they (un)consciously adopt strategic essentialism to fit into the cultural context of the machista culture, based on their own career experiences and gendered identities. They oscillate between making the business case for gender diversity to open the door to other women, and enacting the need for women to learn to do something that men do.
Research limitations/implications - The experience of top women managers may not represent the voice of other women and their careers. Intersections with class, organizational level, nationality, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation, have to ultimately be taken into account in order to represent other women’s particular interest in terms of equality.
Originality/value - We contribute to the literature on change agents and intervention for gender equality. Interventions strategies usually center on short-term goals of fixing the women, departing from essentialist notions on gender. Our study offers potential explanations for this. By paying attention to the process on how change agents may be unconsciously projecting their own identities into others and/or strategically playing a card to fit into the machista context of Mexico to promote gender equality.
Design/methodology/approach - Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 top women managers in Mexico who are actively involved as change agents. A feminist poststructuralist methodological framework using critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used to uncover competing gender discourses and related strategies developed to reconcile, resist or reject them in efforts to promote gender equality.
Findings - Our analysis of the activities performed by these change agents shows that all of them perform strategies for inclusion, and just half of them engage in strategies for re-evaluation. None of these change agents perform strategies of transformation of gender as a structure of power. In terms of the discursive construction of gender, these top women managers both reproduce and challenge “essentialist” notions of gender. In some instances, they (un)consciously adopt strategic essentialism to fit into the cultural context of the machista culture, based on their own career experiences and gendered identities. They oscillate between making the business case for gender diversity to open the door to other women, and enacting the need for women to learn to do something that men do.
Research limitations/implications - The experience of top women managers may not represent the voice of other women and their careers. Intersections with class, organizational level, nationality, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation, have to ultimately be taken into account in order to represent other women’s particular interest in terms of equality.
Originality/value - We contribute to the literature on change agents and intervention for gender equality. Interventions strategies usually center on short-term goals of fixing the women, departing from essentialist notions on gender. Our study offers potential explanations for this. By paying attention to the process on how change agents may be unconsciously projecting their own identities into others and/or strategically playing a card to fit into the machista context of Mexico to promote gender equality.
Research Interests:
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the critical management literature through a fusion of Latin and North American lenses (one author is from Argentina and one from Canada), to question the extant women in management... more
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the critical management literature through a fusion of Latin and North American lenses (one author is from Argentina and one from Canada), to question the extant women in management literature, which is rooted in an epistemology that serves to construct the notion of a broad, universal set of expectations of the role of men, women and managers, in which other ethnic groups, in this case men and women from so-called Latin American countries, are taken for granted.
Research Interests:
The term intersectionality made its entrance in the research community at the end of the twentieth century. Since that time, many different approaches to intersectionality have arisen that vary in discipline, methodology, epistemology,... more
The term intersectionality made its entrance in the research community at the end of the twentieth century. Since that time, many different approaches to intersectionality have arisen that vary in discipline, methodology, epistemology, and in conceptualization. Unfortunately though, little research has examined how to study or to apply intersectionality. While the broad research community has created a variety of conceptualizations of intersectionality, less work has been done on its application. This chapter examines the messiness and controversy of intersectionality, arguing that the problematic nature of the ‘operationalization’, or application, of intersectionality is integrally linked to its conceptualization across varying paradigmatic approaches.
Research Interests:
El motivo de esta investigación está vinculada a la experiencia de uno de sus autores, Mariana, quién participó en la iniciativa de 2009 entre Argentina y el Banco Mundial llamada el Modelo de Equidad de Género para Argentina (MEGA), la... more
El motivo de esta investigación está vinculada a la experiencia de uno de sus autores, Mariana, quién participó en la iniciativa de 2009 entre Argentina y el Banco Mundial llamada el Modelo de Equidad de Género para Argentina (MEGA), la cual se puso en práctica para promover la igualdad de género en el sector privado. Como capacitadora,
Mariana tuvo que enseñar prácticas en Recursos Humanos y Conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar en doce organizaciones multinacionales y medianas empresas. La ausencia de estudios que traten el tema de género en las organizaciones, en un contexto argentino, significó que el material de capacitación para MEGA consistió principalmente en estudios estadounidenses sobre la Gestión de Recursos Humanos, con un enfoque norteamericano en los ejemplos, reacciones y posibles soluciones (por ejemplo, Contratación y Retención en la empresa de las mujeres [Harrington, 2000] o Mujeres y hombres en posiciones de liderazgo empresarial en los Estados Unidos: El mismo lugar de trabajo, ¿diferentes realidades? [Catalyst, 2004]), ignorando el contexto y la historia local, incluyendo las iniciativas de género preexistentes, y las diferencias culturales.
Mariana tuvo que enseñar prácticas en Recursos Humanos y Conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar en doce organizaciones multinacionales y medianas empresas. La ausencia de estudios que traten el tema de género en las organizaciones, en un contexto argentino, significó que el material de capacitación para MEGA consistió principalmente en estudios estadounidenses sobre la Gestión de Recursos Humanos, con un enfoque norteamericano en los ejemplos, reacciones y posibles soluciones (por ejemplo, Contratación y Retención en la empresa de las mujeres [Harrington, 2000] o Mujeres y hombres en posiciones de liderazgo empresarial en los Estados Unidos: El mismo lugar de trabajo, ¿diferentes realidades? [Catalyst, 2004]), ignorando el contexto y la historia local, incluyendo las iniciativas de género preexistentes, y las diferencias culturales.
Research Interests:
Paludi, M. I., & Helm Mills, J.