Sergio Schwarz da Rocha

Resumo: A Mata Atlântica possui elevada riqueza de espécies endêmicas e está ameaçada pelos efeitos de atividades antrópicas, restando 12,4% de remanescentes de vegetação natural. Os fragmentos desse bioma possuem papel crucial como refúgio para a conservação da biodiversidade. Um desses fragmentos é a Serra da Jiboia localizada no extremo norte do Corredor Central da Mata Atlântica possuindo características peculiares de uma região de transição entre dois biomas, Mata Atlântica e Caatinga. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estabelecer regiões prioritárias para a conservação na Serra da Jiboia, baseado no princípio da complementaridade, utilizando cinco categorias como alvos de conservação: i) mamíferos; ii) aves; iii) invertebrados terrestres; iv) invertebrados aquáticos; e v) plantas. Uma camada vetorial que resume o uso e a ocupação do solo por agricultura, pecuária e urbanização foi utilizada como restrição na indicação de áreas prioritárias. Para cada táxon foi estabelecido um modelo ecológico de nicho, BIOCLIM, para predizer a potencial distribuição espacial. O algoritmo Simulated Annealing foi utilizado para estabelecer redes mínimas de áreas prioritárias para conservação e padrões espaciais de insubstituibilidade na Serra da Jiboia. A potencial distribuição espacial de cada táxon foi utilizada como alvo de conservação, com o objetivo de ao menos uma unidade amostral para cada táxon, e o modelo de uso e ocupação do solo como restrição. Todas as categorias, em conjunto, indicaram que a região centro-sul da Serra da Jiboia é a mais importante para a conservação, evidenciando que essa região deve ser conservada em níveis mais altos de restrição de uso. Abstract: Atlantic Forest has highlighted endemic species richness and is threatened by the effects of anthropic activities, remaining only 12,4% of natural vegetation remnants. The fragments of the biome have a crucial role, as a refuge, to the biodiversity conservation. One of these fragments is the Serra da Jiboia, placed at the northern of the Central Rain Forest Corridor and it has peculiars characteristics due to its location, being placed at a transition region between two biomes, Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. The aim of this study was to establish priority regions for conservation in the Serra da Jiboia, based on complementarity principle, using five categories as conservation goals: i) mammals; ii) birds; iii) terrestrial invertebrates; iv) aquatic invertebrates; and v) plants. A vector that summarize the activities of agriculture, cattle ranching, and urbanization was used as a constraint in the design of priorities areas. For each taxon an ecological niche model was established, BIOCLIM, to predict the potential spatial distribution. The Simulated Annealing algorithm was used to establish minimum conservation networks and irreplaceability spatial patterns in the Serra da Jiboia. The potential spatial distribution was used as conservation goal and the land use and occupation model as a constraint. All categories together indicated that center-south region of Serra d

Crustacean species from Brazil were evaluated to define their conservation status
under the Categories and Criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species at
the regional level. This study represents an effort of the Chico Mendes Institute
for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), the Brazilian agency for conservation of
biodiversity, and the Brazilian Crustacean Society (SBC) to systematically collate
specific data for these species and to determine their risks of extinction. The IUCN
Red List Categories and Criteria were applied to 130 candidate species, following
IUCN Red List Guidelines. Assessments to determine the risk of extinction were
conducted during a three-day workshop held in Brasília in September 2010, which
brought together about 30 experts to share information about species and threats. A
total of 14 species (11.6%), 12 of them endemic to Brazil, qualified for one of the
three Red List categories of threat (CR, EN, or VU). Twenty-five species (20.8%)
were listed as Data Deficient, and because of this lack of data the extinction risk for
crustaceans may be under-estimated. IUCN Criterion B was most often used during
the assessments (85%), and the main threats identified are associated with removal
of riparian forest causing siltation, and discharge of domestic, urban, industrial, and
agricultural effluents, degrading water quality, as well as uncontrolled fishery activities.
The South Atlantic hydrological basin contains the largest number of threatened
species, which indicates that increased attention from agencies, institutions, and
researchers is needed to develop appropriate strategies and regulations to aid in their
conservation.