DORALICE S Á T Y R O MAIA

The Peripheryzation and Fragmentation of the City: Closed Division of Lots, Popular Housing Estates and Illegal Division of Lots in The City of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil. The expansion of cities in Brazil is marked by large official division of lots, destined to classes of population with larger income, by the so-called irregular or illegal division of lots and also by the appearance of precarious areas of habitation in irregular forms known as slums. Such a process was denominated spread urbanization by Milton Santos. This spreading on its turn represented a type of city characterized by peripheryzation, fragmentation and dispersion. In the city of Campina Grande – PB, in the Northeast of Brazil, it was found at present the permanence of its spreading, its dispersion, its fragmentation and also the formation of a non-homogeneous periphery with large social-spatial contrasts. The production of a peripherical city was revealed, fragmented in areas where one can find illegal division of lots with self-constructions or with technically assisted constructions; housing estates for low-income population and also another peripherical area with the division of lots and closed condominiums. Key words: peripheryzation; closed divison of lots; popular housing; slums

... Alta, encontravam-se as ruas: Direita, Misericórdia, Nova, Matriz, S. Bento Medalha, Mercê, Mangueira, Cadeia, Diniz, Carmo, S. Francisco, Aurora, Tambiá, Lagoa e ... Ainda referente ao século XIX, vale acres-centar que sua expansão seguia duas direções: nordeste e sudeste. ...

Resumen La idea general de la ponencia es pensar sobre lo que caracteriza a las ciudades pequeñas en la red urbana, considerando las mutaciones de los medios de comunicación, la tecnología y las discrepancias sociales. En principio, las ciudades pequeñas son presentadas con base en la realidad brasileña, que ya se revela bastante diversa, pero se intentará al menos indicar algunos datos de otros países de América Latina. Para entender las ciudades pequeñas, una primera pregunta: ¿a qué llamamos ciudades pequeñas y cómo relacionar el tamaño demográfico con la posición en la red urbana? Nos interesa discutir las intersecciones de estas ciudades con las otras en la conformación de la red urbana regional y nacional, así como la relación de la escala local con la escala global. ¿Es la estrecha relación con el campo un papel fundamental de estas ciudades? Éstas son algunas de las preguntas que orientan el artículo. Preguntas que nos hacen reflexionar para contribuir en la idea de las jerarquías urbanas. Palabras clave: ciudad pequeña; red urbana; jerarquía urbana; red urbana regional; red urbana nacional; red urbana brasileña; relación ciudad – campo; tipología de ciudad. Abstract Small cities and urban network: local scale, relation with countryside. Characteristics in transition or mutation? The general idea of this paper is to think about what characterize small cities in the urban network, taking into account mutations of the mass media, technology and social discrepancies. At the beginning, small towns are introduced based on Brazilian reality, already revealed as quite diverse, but we will try at least to point out some data related to other Latin American countries. In order to understand small cities, a first question: what we mean by small cities e how to connect demographic size with the position into the urban network? We are interested in discussing the intersections of these cities with the others in the conformation of the regional and national urban network, as well as the link between local and global scale. Is the strong relation with the countryside an essential role of these cities? Is still the departure of migrants a meaningful characteristic of these cities? These are some of the questions that will guide our exposition. Questions that make us reflect for contributing to the idea of urban hierarchies. Key words: small cities; urban network; urban hierarchy; regional urban network; national urban network; Brazilian urban network; relation of countryside; typology of cities. Qué se considera ciudad pequeña en Brasil y en América Latina Antes de empezar a realizar una cierta caracterización de lo que son las ciudades pequeñas en

O processo de urbanização brasileiro deu-se atrelado à herança rural. Esse passado foi dominantemente suplantado pela industrialização, mas nem por isso foi apagado, muito embora suas evidências tenham sido abafadas pelo aparato da sociedade moderna. Na cidade de João Pessoa-PB (Nordeste brasileiro), os impulsos à "modernização" eram dados pelas atividades agrícolas: cana-de-açúcar, algodão e pecuária bovina. O ritmo de crescimento

El siglo XIX normalmente se caracteriza por dos grandes ideales que gravaron la forma y la vida de las ciudades: la Modernidad y el Higienismo. Sus repercusiones se hacen sentir incluso en las ciudades más simples del Noreste Brasileño. La ciudad de Parahyba, en este periodo, está marcada por la intensidad de las construcciones y reparaciones realizados por la Secretaria

RESUMO: O presente trabalho objetiva analisar as transformações ocorridas no uso das ruas da cidade de João Pessoa, a partir de suas normativas urbanas, do período que vai do século XVIII à 1889. Utilizou-se para tanto uma base documental–cartas, atas, leis, ...