Papers by Emanuel Meireles
Abstract. This article, of historical and essayistic nature, aims to revisit di-dactically some a... more Abstract. This article, of historical and essayistic nature, aims to revisit di-dactically some aspects presents in the US context of psychoanalytical ideas that influenced Carl Rogers, during the composition of client centered-therapy , in the years of 1920 – 1950. Rogers specifically indicated Neo-Freudian influences of Otto Rank and Karen Horney. Thus, the historical moments of the rise of American Psychoanalysis are discussed. Then, some conceptions from the Neo-Freudian psychoanalysis of Rank and Horney are probed. Finally , what Rogers contacted and appropriated from those Psychoanalysts Este é um artigo de acesso aberto, licenciado por Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0), sendo permitidas reprodução, adaptação e distribuição desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados.
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Due to the steady increase in the number of older adults among the Brazilian population, the aim ... more Due to the steady increase in the number of older adults among the Brazilian population, the aim of the present article is to reflect on the care provided to the elderly based on Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy as an alternative approach to understanding more deeply what this life stage means. For this purpose, demographic data on the population of older adults are provided, together with distinct views on aging and its relationship to the quality of life. Next, logotherapy, from its conceptions about the relationship of the person to finitude and to the person’s possibilities for existence, is presented as a psychological theory likely to improve the understanding of aging and to represent a possible approach to the care of older adults. Based on an understanding of humans as beings of power and therefore as self-transcendent and endowed with the will to meaning, the possibility of psychology investing in the relationship with alterity as the grounds for interventions targeting older adults is emphasized.
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This work is based on Góis‟s verification that there‟s a correlation between the way to participa... more This work is based on Góis‟s verification that there‟s a correlation between the way to participate of communitarian activities and awareness. Its objective is to discuss how the way to participate of communitarian activity influences on the awareness process, from a historical-cultural psychology point of view. A qualitative boarding is used, with ethnographic approach. One person was interviewee, through the half-structuralized interview, with focus in his history of life. The interview and daily of field were registered. It was analyzed the way to participate of the participant of the research and it was made a thematic analysis of his interview. As result, we could verify that more active and cooperative participation propitiates conditions so that the person in this way fortifies her interactions with the reality through the appropriation and meanings of this kind of relationship.
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The article proposes a new approach of the ethical dimension of the Environmental Psychology and... more The article proposes a new approach of the ethical dimension of the Environmental Psychology and the environmental education, from Emmanuel Levinas’s ethics of radical alterity. It begins with a synthesis of the many perspectives of environmental psychology and the environmental ethics in order to, after that, approach central concepts of the environmental psychology – space appropriation, place identity, and belonging – based on a radicalized ethics.
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This study has the objective of reflect about the psychological appropriation of the term awaren... more This study has the objective of reflect about the psychological appropriation of the term awareness, once its utilization is world-widely on many kinds of knowledge, not only on Psychology. Therefore, it works out in detail a discussion from Paulo Freire, one of the main multiplyers of this term, using it on his works on the popular education area, and from Ignácio Martin-Baró, who appropriates this term from a political conception and propose it as main objective of the Psychology in Latin America, but he does not explain what there is of exclusively psychologycal on it. After that, it discusses the concept of communitarian activity, proposed by Gois on the Comunitarian Psychology, for the possible psychologycal understanding of the awareness process. This discussion brings to the surface the concept of activity, as proposed by Leontiev, intending to understand how the action of subject on the world arises on the formation of his psychism. It points out, in the end, the historical-cultural mind theory, developed by Vigotski, Leontiev e Luria, as the one that furnishes more elements to that comprehension, once that it entails the ways of reality meaning to the way how the individual cohabits in society, once that Paulo Freire and Martin-Baró’s works, as well as Vigotski and his partners’s have the historical dialectical materialism as philosophic basis to its development.
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This essay seeks to make a brief review of the construction of the panorama Brazilian psychology,... more This essay seeks to make a brief review of the construction of the panorama Brazilian psychology, particularly clinical psychology, to date, shedding light on new praxis "psis" in the context of contemporary clinic. Search also discuss how they are formed and how the relationship of this practice with the Brazilian public policy, specifically, the social welfare policies, from the experience of clinical care, made possible by psychological duty service, as offered by the Clinic School of the Federal University of Pará, more concerned with the social and historical reality of the public served, so as not psychologize demand, dialoguing with other sciences and professions that go through these scenarios.
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The paper discusses epistemological convergences between Person-Centered Approach, by Carl Rogers... more The paper discusses epistemological convergences between Person-Centered Approach, by Carl Rogers, and the
philosophy of Sören Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard was chosen to deal with this issues because of his importance in the
history of philosophy and also because Rogers recognizes the approach between its propositions and some conceptions
of this philosopher. The notions of scientist and person are presented in the debate about the assumptions underlying
the methodological procedures of the PCA. It is admitted that these concepts are conflicting: the first one approaches
the concepts of modern science, which denies the subjective involvement; the second one follows an existentialist
approach, which believes that knowledge can be produced by means of sensitivity. The concepts of Carl Rogers
that has to do with the Kierkegaad’s philosophy are discussed from the concept of person. The following issues are
highlighted: 1) the claim that knowledge comes from a direct interaction with the experience; 2) the assumption of
a unit between subject and object; 3) the admission that that rationality fails to capture all facets of reality because
of its constant flux; 4) the knowledge produced taking into account the ideas presented is considered unreachable. It
must be highlighted that some of this issues were pointed by Carl Rogers. On the other hand, other questions were
indicated by the authors of this article.
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This work aims, from an experience of Psychological Emergency Attendance Service, to discuss the ... more This work aims, from an experience of Psychological Emergency Attendance Service, to discuss the insertion of clinical psychologists in public policies. As a contribution to the reflections developed here, the text is supported by authors who discuss the clinical psychologist’s current role and recognize that the clinical space refers to the contact with the other in its entirety. Furthermore, since the inadequacy of a mere proposition of listening, the text points out the need of this professional to become a partner in the search for alternatives to the demands. It highlights, too, the need for knowledge of public policy, which can serve as a host space to customers’ complaints. The text points out, also, the poor training of psychologists in regard to these issues and the privatist model in which operate the clinics-school of psychology in Brazil. The Psychological Emergency Attendance Service arises as a query space for this model and introduces the need to have contact with questions that, until recently, were beyond the psi field.
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This article examines the relationship between ethics and the Person-Centered Approach (PCA). It ... more This article examines the relationship between ethics and the Person-Centered Approach (PCA). It discusses the ideas of authors who question the perspective established by Carl Rogers, itself based on Emmanuel Levinas’s Ethics of Radical Alterity. Using the work of Luiz Claudio Figueiredo, this article acknowledges that questions about ethics, which are understood as the human abode, precede epistemological inquiries. Also, according to Figueiredo, the PCA is assumed to be closer to romantic and liberal positions. Using these discussions, this article seeks possibilities for the PCA being open to difference. Based on Levinas, it considers Alterity as a radical difference that establishes the subject and with which it establishes a relationship of insurmountable asymmetry. In light of the Levinasian proposal, notions such as “person,” as well as the conditions that facilitate the therapeutic process, are discussed. The article concludes that the PCA’s concepts are not completely averse to Alterity and that Rogers did encounter it in his practice, despite never recognizing it in his theoretical formulations.
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This research has as objective to place Carl Rogers’s theory on the scope of the epistemological ... more This research has as objective to place Carl Rogers’s theory on the scope of the epistemological projetct of the modern knowledge. For this, it refers to reflexions developed by Figueiredo about the invention of modern psychological phenomenon. This invention has happened, according to Figueiredo, based on the idea of a reason that explains the subjectivity. It is expressed by the creation of an independent knowledge with scientific intentions. The research, however, disagree with Figueiredo when he does not recognize the Humanistic Psychology as a perspective that has a epistemological proposition. It argues about the recovery of a way to know the world that does not have the sieve of the modern reason, but the orgnanismic wisdom from the one who knows. This wisdom would happen thorough an unknowing way from the researcher about his investigation object, because it is considered that subjectivity can not be totally captured by reason.
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The paper discusses the possibilities of host of alterity in the therapeutic process of the Perso... more The paper discusses the possibilities of host of alterity in the therapeutic process of the Person Centered Approach. The debate is based on the ethics of Emmanuel Levinas, for whom subjectivity would be formed from the relationship with the absolute other. The therapeutic change process that aims to further integrate the experience by the self is questioned. On the other hand, from a reading of a Rogerian clinical case, it is pointed out the externality of experience as an estrangement that allows one to recreate themselves. This research shows the interiority eroded by the organism that arises as other-of-self, sieve for the experience. It is conclude that the person-centered psychotherapy, beyond an encounter with oneself, seems to point as one of its purposes the clash with the radically different. Such discussion alludes to a political repositioning of the Person Centered Approach in its ways to deal with the difference.
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Psychopathology is the central theme on clinical psychology. Endeavors for statements of normalit... more Psychopathology is the central theme on clinical psychology. Endeavors for statements of normality and pathology are presented in the theories and engender different clinical practices. The aim of this work is to discuss psychopathology on Client Centered Therapy through the notion of person in fully functioning by Carl Rogers. Questions are made, based on the ethics of radical alterity by Emmanuel Lévinas, reaffirming the pathos as passion and recognizing the necessity of the person centered psychotherapy to be open to listen to the radically Other. Finally, the desconstruction of the idea of fully functioning person is pointed, once it disregards the difference of the Other, in a whole conception of subjectivity.
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This study assumes , at the beginning, the absence of the radical alterity treatment on the Perso... more This study assumes , at the beginning, the absence of the radical alterity treatment on the Person-Centered Approach - as proposed originally by Carl Rogers - to consider, at the end, a re-reading of the realization tendency and the facilitative attitudes - unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness - as possible places to others meeting radically . It points out, thus, an non-centered or eccentric perspective of the person.
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This work aims to examine what the clients cared for in a service of psychological duty, guided b... more This work aims to examine what the clients cared for in a service of psychological duty, guided by
a person-centered therapy, and consider meaningful as for the way the psychologist on duty relates
to them. For that, semi-structured interviews were done with 5 clients cared for by this service,
and the phenomenological method of research was used to analyze the interviews. Thus, we
reached six analysis categories: 1) feel heard; 2) interest from the psychologist on duty; 3) feel
welcome; 4) confidence; 5) unlimited time; 6) self-knowledge. Through the analysis of all the categories,
it was possible to reach the conclusion that, even in a service that is so distinct from the
psychotherapy as the duty service is, it is possible for the client to realize those that, according to
Rogers, would be the necessary and sufficient conditions for the change of personality. Besides, it
was possible to perceive the relevance of the quality of the presence of the psychologist on duty in
the established relationship with the interviewed clients.
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Thesis Chapters by Emanuel Meireles
This research aims to identify the alterity pictures that lay in each one of the three phases of ... more This research aims to identify the alterity pictures that lay in each one of the three phases of person-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers. It was based on the premise that ethics constitutes Psychology as an independent knowledge, and, therefore, it matters to analyze the way that such theory deals with the problem of difference. As a methodological perspective, it was adopted the Gadamerian hermeneutics, which assumes that every interpretation is also creation, since it is afusion of horizons between a reader full of preconceptions and authors. Specificaly, this work aimedto make a theorical construction throughout many manifestations of alterity in the different phases of Rogers’s thinking, which are non-directive, reflexive and experiential, through the analysis of classic works of each phase. Even though usually analyzed from a technical point of view, in this research it was understood that each of these phases also imply in ethical changes, so that the way the therapist addresses the client acquires new shapes, with moments of larger or smaller openness to alterity. The notion of alterity adopted in this research was Emmanuel Lévinas’s, who postulates that ethics comes before ontology and that, therefore, each one of us has an untransferable responsability to the alterity. During the non-directive phase, as long as Rogers trusts in the clarity that comes from the insight, and therefore keeps closed to the difference of the other, he also gives us conditions to point the presence of the Other of the ignorance, the Other of the narrative, the Other of affectation and the Other of the refraction. During the reflexive phase, in its turn, Rogers moves away from alterity when he insists to be guided by a naturlistic a vitalist vision of human experience, assuming that it has a natural teleology. However, he gets closer to alterity when the gives us the elements to think about the Other of the experience, the Other of acknowledgement, the Other inverted in His reflection and the Other of the relationship and of the contact. About the experiential phase, Rogers opens a very little space to deal with the difference when he bets on a natural harmony ot the organism and on an education toward this harmony. At the same time, he increases the possibility of manifestation of alterity on the Other of the therapist, the Other of experiencing, the Other of incomprehension and the Other of ex-centric authenticity. It is concluded that the changes that Rogers’s work has been through do not implie in phases that follow each other, but in relational conditions that modify each other aiming the meeting with the experience of the Other, and, therefore, affirms the therapeutic relationship as meeting and presence. From an initial appreciation of acceptance, the theory advances toward an emphasis on understanding and, thus, on genuineness. Therefore, it can be said that the main factor in the alterity pictures and in its synthesis is the availability of both, therapist and client, in order to be in touch with the experience of the present and to be open to have it as the element that modifies their practices and conceptions about themselves and the Other.
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Papers by Emanuel Meireles
philosophy of Sören Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard was chosen to deal with this issues because of his importance in the
history of philosophy and also because Rogers recognizes the approach between its propositions and some conceptions
of this philosopher. The notions of scientist and person are presented in the debate about the assumptions underlying
the methodological procedures of the PCA. It is admitted that these concepts are conflicting: the first one approaches
the concepts of modern science, which denies the subjective involvement; the second one follows an existentialist
approach, which believes that knowledge can be produced by means of sensitivity. The concepts of Carl Rogers
that has to do with the Kierkegaad’s philosophy are discussed from the concept of person. The following issues are
highlighted: 1) the claim that knowledge comes from a direct interaction with the experience; 2) the assumption of
a unit between subject and object; 3) the admission that that rationality fails to capture all facets of reality because
of its constant flux; 4) the knowledge produced taking into account the ideas presented is considered unreachable. It
must be highlighted that some of this issues were pointed by Carl Rogers. On the other hand, other questions were
indicated by the authors of this article.
a person-centered therapy, and consider meaningful as for the way the psychologist on duty relates
to them. For that, semi-structured interviews were done with 5 clients cared for by this service,
and the phenomenological method of research was used to analyze the interviews. Thus, we
reached six analysis categories: 1) feel heard; 2) interest from the psychologist on duty; 3) feel
welcome; 4) confidence; 5) unlimited time; 6) self-knowledge. Through the analysis of all the categories,
it was possible to reach the conclusion that, even in a service that is so distinct from the
psychotherapy as the duty service is, it is possible for the client to realize those that, according to
Rogers, would be the necessary and sufficient conditions for the change of personality. Besides, it
was possible to perceive the relevance of the quality of the presence of the psychologist on duty in
the established relationship with the interviewed clients.
Thesis Chapters by Emanuel Meireles
philosophy of Sören Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard was chosen to deal with this issues because of his importance in the
history of philosophy and also because Rogers recognizes the approach between its propositions and some conceptions
of this philosopher. The notions of scientist and person are presented in the debate about the assumptions underlying
the methodological procedures of the PCA. It is admitted that these concepts are conflicting: the first one approaches
the concepts of modern science, which denies the subjective involvement; the second one follows an existentialist
approach, which believes that knowledge can be produced by means of sensitivity. The concepts of Carl Rogers
that has to do with the Kierkegaad’s philosophy are discussed from the concept of person. The following issues are
highlighted: 1) the claim that knowledge comes from a direct interaction with the experience; 2) the assumption of
a unit between subject and object; 3) the admission that that rationality fails to capture all facets of reality because
of its constant flux; 4) the knowledge produced taking into account the ideas presented is considered unreachable. It
must be highlighted that some of this issues were pointed by Carl Rogers. On the other hand, other questions were
indicated by the authors of this article.
a person-centered therapy, and consider meaningful as for the way the psychologist on duty relates
to them. For that, semi-structured interviews were done with 5 clients cared for by this service,
and the phenomenological method of research was used to analyze the interviews. Thus, we
reached six analysis categories: 1) feel heard; 2) interest from the psychologist on duty; 3) feel
welcome; 4) confidence; 5) unlimited time; 6) self-knowledge. Through the analysis of all the categories,
it was possible to reach the conclusion that, even in a service that is so distinct from the
psychotherapy as the duty service is, it is possible for the client to realize those that, according to
Rogers, would be the necessary and sufficient conditions for the change of personality. Besides, it
was possible to perceive the relevance of the quality of the presence of the psychologist on duty in
the established relationship with the interviewed clients.