Paulo Adaias Carvalho Afonso
Mestre em Direito pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS); com Especialização em Direitos Humanos (Claretiano) e Direito Processual Civil (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP), e Graduação em Ciências Jurídicas (Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB). Pesquisador do grupo "Direitos Humanos, Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável Global", da UFMS, e do grupo "Vulnerabilidades no Novo Direito Privado", da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Professor de Graduação em Direito da UCDB e do Insted. Professor de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UCDB. Assessor de Desembargador no Tribunal de Justiça de Mato Grosso do Sul.
Supervisors: Luc Marie Quoniam
Address: Campo Grande (MS) - Brasil
Supervisors: Luc Marie Quoniam
Address: Campo Grande (MS) - Brasil
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS
Seminário apresentado na disciplina: Seminário Internacional de Direitos Humanos
Docente: Dr. Vladmir Oliveira da Silveira
Discentes: Paulo Adaias Carvalho Afonso, José Renato Hojas Lofrano, Vanessa Siqueira Melo e Fábio Ricardo Trad Filho
Papers
ABSTRACT: Social security is a human right of a social nature with significant importance, especially for less favored social classes, which evolved throughout the 20th century, however, it was only with the advent of the 1988 Constitution that gender equality was established in the granting of the benefit. Even so, the concrete application – whether in the administrative or judicial sphere – still demonstrates prejudices about the rural work performed by women in a family economy, making it difficult to grant special pensions to rural women. Through an exploratory, empirical and descriptive research, using the method of deductive approach and the methods of historical, documentary and bibliographic procedure, the article intends to demonstrate that the care of children and the duties of the home fall on women, making it difficult their equal access to social security benefits and, consequently, the recognition of their citizenship.
RESUMEN: La seguridad social es un derecho humano de carácter social con gran importancia, especialmente para las clases sociales menos favorecidas, que evolucionó a lo largo del siglo XX, sin embargo, fue recién con la llegada de la Constitución de 1988 que se estableció la igualdad de género en el otorgamiento del beneficio. Aun así, la aplicación concreta – ya sea en el ámbito administrativo o judicial – aún demuestra prejuicios sobre el trabajo rural que realizan las mujeres en una economía familiar, dificultando el otorgamiento de pensiones especiales a las mujeres rurales. A través de una investigación exploratoria, empírica y descriptiva, utilizando el método del enfoque deductivo y los métodos de procedimiento histórico, documental y bibliográfico, el artículo pretende demostrar que el cuidado de los hijos y los deberes del hogar recaen en las mujeres, dificultando su igualdad de acceso a las prestaciones de la seguridad social y, en consecuencia, el reconocimiento de su ciudadanía.
ABSTRACT: The provision of jurisdiction, one of the functions of the State, must be subject to constant evolution in order to become effective enough, adapting to the transformations that society is going through. Effective judicial provision is a fundamental human right and must be sought by the bodies of the Judicial branch. One of the great allies for achieving this goal is computerization, a process that has been developing in recent years and that intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, culminating in the implementation of projects that use artificial intelligence. This article will address this transformation, identifying the main advances experienced and the challenges that still need to be overcome.
RESUMEN: La disposición jurisdiccional, una de las funciones del Estado, debe ser objeto de constante evolución para que sea lo suficientemente efectiva, adaptándose a las transformaciones que atraviesa la sociedad. La disposición judicial efectiva es un derecho humano fundamental y debe ser procurada por los órganos del Poder Judicial. Uno de los grandes aliados para lograr este objetivo es la informatización, proceso que se viene desarrollando en los últimos años y que se intensificó durante la pandemia COVID-19, culminando con la implementación de proyectos que utilizan inteligencia artificial. Este artículo abordará esta transformación, identificando los principales avances experimentados y los desafíos que aún quedan por superar.
Abstract: This article discusses issues involving human action in the environment. The protection of the environment as a fundamental human right requires reflection on the impact of human action, especially when it starts to threaten the survival of species, including the human being. Under the anthropological approach, using the deductive method and exploratory, descriptive, bibliographical and documentary research, the reasons why human behavior has moved so far from its natural aspect, leaving the idea of belonging, so dear to indigenous communities, will be identified. to deal with the environment only in a relationship of power and submission. The concepts of nature and culture, aspects of human behavior and its relationship with the environment will be analyzed, with a focus on Amerindian perspectivism, in addition to the possibility of making the satisfaction of human needs compatible with sustainable development and the preservation of natural resources.
Resumen: Este artículo analiza cuestiones relacionadas con la acción humana en el medio ambiente. La protección del medio ambiente como derecho fundamental requiere una reflexión sobre el impacto de la acción humana, especialmente cuando comienza a amenazar la supervivencia de las especies, incluido el ser humano. Bajo el enfoque antropológico, utilizando el método deductivo y la investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, bibliográfica y documental, se identificarán las razones por las que el comportamiento humano se ha alejado tanto de su aspecto natural, dejando la idea de pertenencia, tan cara a las comunidades indígenas, pasando a tratar con el medio ambiente solo en una relación de poder y sumisión. Se analizarán los conceptos de naturaleza y cultura, aspectos del comportamiento humano y su relación con el medio ambiente, con un enfoque en el perspectivismo amerindio, además de la posibilidad de compatibilizar la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas con el desarrollo sostenible y la preservación de los recursos naturales.
Since the criminal jurisdiction monopolized the punishment of crimes and the application of reprimands, the individualization of the sentence has become a great challenge, as it is a very personal activity, given the inexistence of an identical individual and criminal fact. With the pressing need to use elements of business justice in the Brazilian forensic routine, there is a need to understand the effects of awarded collaboration in fixing the collaborator's penalties. In this scenario, it is impossible to deviate from the empirical experience of "Car Wash Operation" which adopted numerous awards not expressly provided for by law in its agreements. Therefore, it is necessary to detail the premiums provided for in Law No. 12,850/13 and assess the legal possibility of agreeing on various benefits. For the preparation of this work, bibliographic research was adopted as a methodology, especially scientific articles, books, jurisprudence and internal legislation, which help to understand the historical evolution of the institute and the stage in which it is currently in Brazil.
Talks
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS
Seminário apresentado na disciplina: Seminário Internacional de Direitos Humanos
Docente: Dr. Vladmir Oliveira da Silveira
Discentes: Paulo Adaias Carvalho Afonso, José Renato Hojas Lofrano, Vanessa Siqueira Melo e Fábio Ricardo Trad Filho
ABSTRACT: Social security is a human right of a social nature with significant importance, especially for less favored social classes, which evolved throughout the 20th century, however, it was only with the advent of the 1988 Constitution that gender equality was established in the granting of the benefit. Even so, the concrete application – whether in the administrative or judicial sphere – still demonstrates prejudices about the rural work performed by women in a family economy, making it difficult to grant special pensions to rural women. Through an exploratory, empirical and descriptive research, using the method of deductive approach and the methods of historical, documentary and bibliographic procedure, the article intends to demonstrate that the care of children and the duties of the home fall on women, making it difficult their equal access to social security benefits and, consequently, the recognition of their citizenship.
RESUMEN: La seguridad social es un derecho humano de carácter social con gran importancia, especialmente para las clases sociales menos favorecidas, que evolucionó a lo largo del siglo XX, sin embargo, fue recién con la llegada de la Constitución de 1988 que se estableció la igualdad de género en el otorgamiento del beneficio. Aun así, la aplicación concreta – ya sea en el ámbito administrativo o judicial – aún demuestra prejuicios sobre el trabajo rural que realizan las mujeres en una economía familiar, dificultando el otorgamiento de pensiones especiales a las mujeres rurales. A través de una investigación exploratoria, empírica y descriptiva, utilizando el método del enfoque deductivo y los métodos de procedimiento histórico, documental y bibliográfico, el artículo pretende demostrar que el cuidado de los hijos y los deberes del hogar recaen en las mujeres, dificultando su igualdad de acceso a las prestaciones de la seguridad social y, en consecuencia, el reconocimiento de su ciudadanía.
ABSTRACT: The provision of jurisdiction, one of the functions of the State, must be subject to constant evolution in order to become effective enough, adapting to the transformations that society is going through. Effective judicial provision is a fundamental human right and must be sought by the bodies of the Judicial branch. One of the great allies for achieving this goal is computerization, a process that has been developing in recent years and that intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, culminating in the implementation of projects that use artificial intelligence. This article will address this transformation, identifying the main advances experienced and the challenges that still need to be overcome.
RESUMEN: La disposición jurisdiccional, una de las funciones del Estado, debe ser objeto de constante evolución para que sea lo suficientemente efectiva, adaptándose a las transformaciones que atraviesa la sociedad. La disposición judicial efectiva es un derecho humano fundamental y debe ser procurada por los órganos del Poder Judicial. Uno de los grandes aliados para lograr este objetivo es la informatización, proceso que se viene desarrollando en los últimos años y que se intensificó durante la pandemia COVID-19, culminando con la implementación de proyectos que utilizan inteligencia artificial. Este artículo abordará esta transformación, identificando los principales avances experimentados y los desafíos que aún quedan por superar.
Abstract: This article discusses issues involving human action in the environment. The protection of the environment as a fundamental human right requires reflection on the impact of human action, especially when it starts to threaten the survival of species, including the human being. Under the anthropological approach, using the deductive method and exploratory, descriptive, bibliographical and documentary research, the reasons why human behavior has moved so far from its natural aspect, leaving the idea of belonging, so dear to indigenous communities, will be identified. to deal with the environment only in a relationship of power and submission. The concepts of nature and culture, aspects of human behavior and its relationship with the environment will be analyzed, with a focus on Amerindian perspectivism, in addition to the possibility of making the satisfaction of human needs compatible with sustainable development and the preservation of natural resources.
Resumen: Este artículo analiza cuestiones relacionadas con la acción humana en el medio ambiente. La protección del medio ambiente como derecho fundamental requiere una reflexión sobre el impacto de la acción humana, especialmente cuando comienza a amenazar la supervivencia de las especies, incluido el ser humano. Bajo el enfoque antropológico, utilizando el método deductivo y la investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, bibliográfica y documental, se identificarán las razones por las que el comportamiento humano se ha alejado tanto de su aspecto natural, dejando la idea de pertenencia, tan cara a las comunidades indígenas, pasando a tratar con el medio ambiente solo en una relación de poder y sumisión. Se analizarán los conceptos de naturaleza y cultura, aspectos del comportamiento humano y su relación con el medio ambiente, con un enfoque en el perspectivismo amerindio, además de la posibilidad de compatibilizar la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas con el desarrollo sostenible y la preservación de los recursos naturales.
Since the criminal jurisdiction monopolized the punishment of crimes and the application of reprimands, the individualization of the sentence has become a great challenge, as it is a very personal activity, given the inexistence of an identical individual and criminal fact. With the pressing need to use elements of business justice in the Brazilian forensic routine, there is a need to understand the effects of awarded collaboration in fixing the collaborator's penalties. In this scenario, it is impossible to deviate from the empirical experience of "Car Wash Operation" which adopted numerous awards not expressly provided for by law in its agreements. Therefore, it is necessary to detail the premiums provided for in Law No. 12,850/13 and assess the legal possibility of agreeing on various benefits. For the preparation of this work, bibliographic research was adopted as a methodology, especially scientific articles, books, jurisprudence and internal legislation, which help to understand the historical evolution of the institute and the stage in which it is currently in Brazil.
Partindo da ideia de universalidade da dignidade da pessoa humana, o presente estudo se propõe a estudar o benefício assistencial previsto no art. 203, V, da Constituição de 1988, especialmente acerca das dificuldades empíricas para a regulação da definição do conceito de miserabilidade. Neste contexto, a Lei Orgânica da Assistência Social (LOAS) – Lei n.º 8.742/1993 – buscou estabelecer critérios objetivos para a verificação de hipossuficiência econômica do caso concreto, contudo há anos o Poder Judiciário já consolidou o entendimento de que as hipóteses legais não restringem a possibilidade de concessão do benefício assistencial, havendo a possibilidade de demonstração de miserabilidade por outros meios de prova. Apesar disso, a celeuma está longe de solução definitiva, porquanto o Poder Legislativo e o Poder Executivo seguem tensionando a questão em busca de definições objetivas e restritivas, que – embora busquem justificativa no equilíbrio das contas públicas – acabando reduzindo o escopo do benefício e excluindo pessoas em situação vulnerável. Este problema ganhou especial relevância com a pandemia da COVID-19, que representou forte indutor de diminuição de renda, especialmente de camadas menos favorecidas da população, cujas profissões não permitem a realização do trabalho remoto (homeoffice). Embora tenha ocorrido intensa atividade política desde a decretação da pandemia buscando atender a população mais carente, os interesses políticos não permitiram forte modificação nos critérios objetivos da LOAS, deixando a concepção de renda mínima ainda distante da aplicação cotidiana, apesar de os índices econômicos seguiram uma trajetória terrível, com desemprego e inflação em alta, precarização do emprego e aumento significativo do custo de vida. Trata-se de pesquisa do tipo exploratória e descritiva, que utiliza do método dedutivo por meio dos procedimentos histórico, documental, bibliográfico para tentar descobrir se o critério legal, após sucessivas alterações legislativas, é um limite razoável para garantir o mínimo existencial aos mais vulneráveis, após a crise sanitária global de COVID-19.