Papers by Muhammad Zubair
The experiment composed of 14 genotypes of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Taub) L.] was sown in t... more The experiment composed of 14 genotypes of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Taub) L.] was sown in the research field in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The data on various traits were recorded from three replications. The original data was adjusted between replications of highest difference to bring the values of replications closer to each other. The original data (unadjusted) was also retained. Total and average remained the same in both data tables (adjusted and unadjusted tables). The analysis of variance from adjusted data showed highly significant differences compared to unadjusted data with the highest values of F at 5% level of significance for all traits such as Plant Height, Number of clusters plant-1 , Number of seeds pod-1 , Pod length and Number of seeds plant-1. Reducing the highest difference among replications, minimized the Error Mean Square (EMS) which was the main objective of the present experiment. The EMS for adjusted data were 35.57, 6.03, 0.02, 0.02 and 20.61 as compared to EMS of unadjusted data 478.41, 20.72, 0.33, 0.09 and 290.87 for Plant Height (cm), Number of clusters plant-1 , Number of seeds pod-1 , pod length (cm) and Number of pods plant-1 , respectively. The EMS of adjusted data was reduced by 92.57, 70.90, 93.94, 79.80 and 92.92%, respectively, in the traits under study. It means that by reducing the difference between three replications in data recorded (unadjusted data), the lower will be the EMS thereby increasing the reliability of the results of experiment. INTRODUCTION The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) be a composed of the experimental plan and appropriate randomization procedure for the allocating the treatments to the experimental units. The randomized complete block design and other complete block types of experiments are inefficient for large number of treatments, because of their failure to adequately minimize the effect of soil heterogeneity (Masood et al., 2008). Variability among the experimental units available for a study is systematic rather than random. Such variation may arise naturally or may be induced or introduced by the experimenter (Hinkelmann & Kempthorne, 2007). The effect of spatial variation on experimental error variance and the significance of differences between genetic entries was evaluated in five performance trials. A significant portion of spatial variation could be detected in all the experiments investigated and various neighbour plot residuals were applied to adjust for local field trends. Neighbour plot adjustment was clearly more efficient than the randomized complete block design in reducing error variance and in detecting significant differences between entries (Vollmann et al., 1996). Genotypic effects were not always statistically significant when the raw data were analyzed using ANOVA. The Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA) was used to adjust data for the effects of large-and small-scale spatial dependencies in the variety trial experiment. The ANOVA on NNA-adjusted data showed highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) genotypic effects. The improved analysis also showed reduced error
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JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2012
To evaluate the impact of preoperative oral trimetazidine on myocardial protection in coronary by... more To evaluate the impact of preoperative oral trimetazidine on myocardial protection in coronary bypass surgery. We conducted a prospective double blind randomized study in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi (CPE) Institute of Cardiology, Multan, Pakistan. One hundred and seventy (170) patients of isolated CABG were included in the study. All operations were done by conventional technique of CABG using cardiopulmonary bypass, moderate systemic hypothermia and cold antegrade blood cardioplegia. The patients were randomized into 2 groups i.e. Group 1 (n = 85), who received and Group 2 (n = 85), who did not receive Trimetazidine. Trimetazidine (20 mg) was given orally, at 10:00 pm the night before operation and also at 7.00 am on the day of surgery. The CPK and CK-MB levels were determined before operation, immediately after shifting to the ICU, 12 hours and 36 hours after the operation. The comparison of CPK and CK-MB levels was carried out using analysis of varia...
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"AaS-2011" is a high yielding and rust resistant variety of bread wheat with erect growth habit. ... more "AaS-2011" is a high yielding and rust resistant variety of bread wheat with erect growth habit. It was released in the
year 2011 for irrigated areas of Punjab. AaS-2011 originated from a cross [PRL/PASTOR//2236(V.6550/Sutlej-86)] attempted
at Regional Agricultural Research Institute (RARI), Bahawalpur during 1997-1998. F1 to F5 progenies of this
cross were advanced by pedigree method. Resistance against lodging, karnal bunt, stem rust (UG-99 a local race), spot
blotch, rusts (Leaf rust = 10R to 30RMR and Yellow rust = 10R to 20MRMS, RRI value of 7.2-9.0 and 7.5-9.0 for leaf
and yellow rusts, respectively) and high yield potential (6678 kg ha-1) are the major attributes of AaS-2011 that make it a
superior variety for its target regions. AaS-2011 is tolerant to wheat aphid and responsive to fertilizer compared to the
check varieties. The 1000-seed weight of this variety is 40-45 gm. Seed is amber in colour and contains 13.02% protein
and 29% gluten. Its flour yield is 68.4%. It has good chapati making quality. Plant type of AaS-2011 is erect with plant
height 95-105 cm with droopy flag leaf. Auricle colour is white. Ear shape is tapering and colour is red. Its straw is soft.
It completes heading in 85-90 days and matures in 134-140 days. AaS-2011 performs better in irrigated areas of Punjab
when planted from 1st November to 15 December, keeping 125 kg ha-1 seed rate and fertilizer dose as 150-120-60 kg
NPK ha-1. It can be concluded that AaS-2011 is not only a high-yielder, possesses better quality traits, tolerance/
resistance to regional prevailing diseases and insect pests, but is also best suited for wheat-cotton-wheat rotation
system.
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JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2016
Infections due to Dengue virus are widespread throughout the world. Disease starts with mild flu ... more Infections due to Dengue virus are widespread throughout the world. Disease starts with mild flu like sickness to a severe intricate condition which results in the death of the patient. Dengue illness has high morbidity and mortality in Pakistan as well as in other Asian countries. The Review article is a discourse analysis that explores the facts about the history, emergence and impact of dengue in Pakistan and other Asian countries. Data was collected from internet sources, mainly using Science Direct and PubMed. The final literature was reviewed and summarised. About 150 articles were identified and 47 articles were shortlisted for final review. Aedesaegypti was found to be a major vector for the transmission and spread of dengue illness. Treatment comprises supportive therapy as no specific treatment was available. During the last couple of years, the incidence of dengue fever was extraordinary in metropolitan cities of Pakistan.
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Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 1478641042000261978, Aug 15, 2006
Phytochemical investigation of Symplocos racemosa resulted in the isolation of a new ethyl substi... more Phytochemical investigation of Symplocos racemosa resulted in the isolation of a new ethyl substituted glycoside, 1-ethyl brachiose-3'-acetate (1) along with four known compounds ketochaulmoogric acid (2), nonaeicosanol (3), triacontyl palmitate (4) and methyl triacontanoate (5). The substitution of ethyl group on 1 was natural because during the course of extraction and purification ethanol was not used. The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was based primarily on 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis, including COSY, HMQC, and HMBC correlations. The glycoside 1 and triacontyl palmitate (4) displayed the inhibitory potential against lipoxygenase and urease enzyme, respectively.
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Journal Chemical Society of Pakistan, Mar 18, 2013
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ABSTRACT Have you ever wondered what is the mechanism for Tet spells, why patients with aortic st... more ABSTRACT Have you ever wondered what is the mechanism for Tet spells, why patients with aortic stenosis have more colonic angiodysplasia, why volvulus is more common in pregnancy, why amebic liver abscess involves the right liver lobe, these questions could be potential exam questions as the USMLE loves the mechanisms. All students while preparing for the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) step 1 and step 2 CK think about these sort of questions but few find the time to look things up beyond conventional sources, our book solves this problem. We will further expand the outreach by receiving and answering questions from the exam takers worldwide, in our future editions.
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Journal Chemical Society of Pakistan, Apr 1, 2012
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Pakistan Journal of Botany, Feb 1, 2011
A research has been conducted over methodological issues concerning the Theory of Planned Behavio... more A research has been conducted over methodological issues concerning the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) by determining an appropriate measurement (direct and indirect) of constructs and selection of a plausible scaling techniques (unipolar and bipolar) of constructs: ...
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Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 2014
ABSTRACT The present study reports a convenient approach for the synthesis of thiophene sulfonami... more ABSTRACT The present study reports a convenient approach for the synthesis of thiophene sulfonamide derivatives (3a–3k) via Suzuki cross coupling reaction. This method of synthesis involved the reactions of various aryl boronic acids and esters with 5-bromthiophene-2-sulfonamide (2) under mild and suitable temperature conditions. The compounds synthesized in the present study were subjected to urease inhibition and hemolytic activities. The substitution pattern and the electronic effects of different functional groups (i.e., Cl, CH3, OCH3, F etc.) available on the aromatic ring are found to have significant effect on the overall results. The compound 5-Phenylthiophene-2-sulfonamide 3a showed the highest urease inhibition activity with IC50 value ∼ 30.8 μg/mL compared with the thiourea (used as standard) having IC50 value ∼ 43 μg/mL. Moreover, almost all of the compounds were examined for the hemolytic activity against triton X-100 with positive results obtained in most of the cases. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the derivatives of 5-arylthiophene-2-sulfonamide and 5-bromothiophene-2-acetamide were also investigated during the course of the study.
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Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Dec 1, 2004
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Life Science Journal, Jun 14, 2014
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Journal Chemical Society of Pakistan, Aug 1, 2012
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Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2012
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Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan Jcpsp, Sep 1, 2013
OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical presentation and outcome of surgical management of various paro... more OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical presentation and outcome of surgical management of various parotid gland disorders requiring parotidectomy.STUDY DESIGN: Case series.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, from January 2003 to December 2010.METHODOLOGY: Patients presenting in surgical OPD with parotid gland disorders requiring parotidectomy were included. Data were obtained through the Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) and patient charts. The sociodemographic profile of the patient, presenting features among patients, benign versus malignant nature of the disease, FNAC reports, type of surgical procedure instituted, complications encountered and histology reports of the surgical specimens were all recorded on a proforma. The data were subjected to statistical analysis with SPSS version 15.RESULTS: Out of 126 patients, 62 (49%) were males and 64 (51%) females with mean age of 41 ± 12.6 years. All had presented with a lump usually painless. One hundred and fourteen (90.47%) patients had benign pathology while 9.52% (n = 12) had malignanciy. Superficial parotidectomy was carried out in 79.36% (n = 100) patients, total parotidectomy in 19% (n = 24) and extended total parotidectomy was performed in 2 cases (with mucoepidermoid carcinoma). The most common post-operative complication was greater auricular nerve paresis (n = 19; 15%) followed by facial nerve transient paresis (n = 10; 8%). There was no in-hospital mortality.CONCLUSION: Parotid gland lumps commonly affect relatively young individuals of either gender. Most of the patients have benign pathology. Superficial parotidectomy is the most commonly offered surgical procedure. Parotid surgeries are safely performed in general surgery units with low morbidity and no mortality.
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Papers by Muhammad Zubair
year 2011 for irrigated areas of Punjab. AaS-2011 originated from a cross [PRL/PASTOR//2236(V.6550/Sutlej-86)] attempted
at Regional Agricultural Research Institute (RARI), Bahawalpur during 1997-1998. F1 to F5 progenies of this
cross were advanced by pedigree method. Resistance against lodging, karnal bunt, stem rust (UG-99 a local race), spot
blotch, rusts (Leaf rust = 10R to 30RMR and Yellow rust = 10R to 20MRMS, RRI value of 7.2-9.0 and 7.5-9.0 for leaf
and yellow rusts, respectively) and high yield potential (6678 kg ha-1) are the major attributes of AaS-2011 that make it a
superior variety for its target regions. AaS-2011 is tolerant to wheat aphid and responsive to fertilizer compared to the
check varieties. The 1000-seed weight of this variety is 40-45 gm. Seed is amber in colour and contains 13.02% protein
and 29% gluten. Its flour yield is 68.4%. It has good chapati making quality. Plant type of AaS-2011 is erect with plant
height 95-105 cm with droopy flag leaf. Auricle colour is white. Ear shape is tapering and colour is red. Its straw is soft.
It completes heading in 85-90 days and matures in 134-140 days. AaS-2011 performs better in irrigated areas of Punjab
when planted from 1st November to 15 December, keeping 125 kg ha-1 seed rate and fertilizer dose as 150-120-60 kg
NPK ha-1. It can be concluded that AaS-2011 is not only a high-yielder, possesses better quality traits, tolerance/
resistance to regional prevailing diseases and insect pests, but is also best suited for wheat-cotton-wheat rotation
system.
year 2011 for irrigated areas of Punjab. AaS-2011 originated from a cross [PRL/PASTOR//2236(V.6550/Sutlej-86)] attempted
at Regional Agricultural Research Institute (RARI), Bahawalpur during 1997-1998. F1 to F5 progenies of this
cross were advanced by pedigree method. Resistance against lodging, karnal bunt, stem rust (UG-99 a local race), spot
blotch, rusts (Leaf rust = 10R to 30RMR and Yellow rust = 10R to 20MRMS, RRI value of 7.2-9.0 and 7.5-9.0 for leaf
and yellow rusts, respectively) and high yield potential (6678 kg ha-1) are the major attributes of AaS-2011 that make it a
superior variety for its target regions. AaS-2011 is tolerant to wheat aphid and responsive to fertilizer compared to the
check varieties. The 1000-seed weight of this variety is 40-45 gm. Seed is amber in colour and contains 13.02% protein
and 29% gluten. Its flour yield is 68.4%. It has good chapati making quality. Plant type of AaS-2011 is erect with plant
height 95-105 cm with droopy flag leaf. Auricle colour is white. Ear shape is tapering and colour is red. Its straw is soft.
It completes heading in 85-90 days and matures in 134-140 days. AaS-2011 performs better in irrigated areas of Punjab
when planted from 1st November to 15 December, keeping 125 kg ha-1 seed rate and fertilizer dose as 150-120-60 kg
NPK ha-1. It can be concluded that AaS-2011 is not only a high-yielder, possesses better quality traits, tolerance/
resistance to regional prevailing diseases and insect pests, but is also best suited for wheat-cotton-wheat rotation
system.