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We may not be able to make you love reading, but molecular biology of bacterial infection current status and future perspectives will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you... more
We may not be able to make you love reading, but molecular biology of bacterial infection current status and future perspectives will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
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The genetic determinant encoding the synthesis and surface expression of CS3 fimbriae of colonization factor antigen II-(CFA/II-) positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was cloned on a 5.1 kb HindIII DNA fragment in pBR322 from the... more
The genetic determinant encoding the synthesis and surface expression of CS3 fimbriae of colonization factor antigen II-(CFA/II-) positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was cloned on a 5.1 kb HindIII DNA fragment in pBR322 from the wild-type plasmid pCS001 to yield the CS3+ plasmid pCS100. Subcloning of EcoRI fragments of 1.8 kb and 2.5 kb into vector plasmid pACYC184 and the isolation of a series of pCS100::Tn5 insertion mutants revealed that more than one cistron was involved in the synthesis and expression of CS3 fimbriae. Polypeptides of 94, 26, 24, 17 and 15 kDa were detected in E. coli minicells harbouring pCS100. In Western immunoblotting the 17 kDa and 15 kDa polypeptides reacted with specific anti-CS3 fimbriae serum. The 15 kDa polypeptide comigrated with the structural subunit of CS3 fimbriae. Inhibition of protein processing in minicells by ethanol confirmed that the 17 kDa polypeptide was the precursor form of the 15 kDa structural subunit. A physical map of the cloned DNA was constructed showing the location and direction of transcription of the genes for the 17 and 94 kDa polypeptides. Using the 5.1 kb HindIII fragment of pCS100 as a genetic probe for the CS3 determinant, Southern hybridization analysis of plasmid and total cellular DNA was performed in wild-type enterotoxigenic E. coli strains.
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Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Developmental Biology, Genomics, Comparative Genomics, and 15 moreBiology, Disease Outbreaks, Animals, Bacteria, Genome, Gene, Goats, Cattle, Electrophoresis, Ecosystem, Bovine, Genetic variation, Base Sequence, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, and Biochemistry and cell biology
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Biology, Medicine, Cell Culture, and 15 moreCell line, In Vitro, Humans, Tissue culture, Female, Sexually transmitted infections, Clinical Sciences, Vagina, Public health systems and services research, Bacterial Vaginosis, Bacterial Adhesion, Epithelial Cell Biology, Hemagglutination, Gardnerella vaginalis, and In Vitro Techniques
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Chemistry, Water, Biology, Medicine, and 15 moreAdsorption, Biological Sciences, Infection and immunity, Escherichia coli, Animals, Infection, Hydrophobic Effect, Swine, Mannose, Hemagglutination, Antigen, Escherichia Coli Infections, Cell Membrane, Hydrophilic interaction chromatography, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Academic Press, 2000. $119.95 hbk (xi+468 pages)ISBN 0 12 663330 4Given that the headlines over the past 15 years have been dominated by HIV, it is highly appropriate that a comprehensive overview should be published that reminds us that... more
Academic Press, 2000. $119.95 hbk (xi+468 pages)ISBN 0 12 663330 4Given that the headlines over the past 15 years have been dominated by HIV, it is highly appropriate that a comprehensive overview should be published that reminds us that sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as syphilis and gonorrhoea have not gone away and that new agents and diseases have emerged. There is no doubt that basic research over past decades has greatly improved our understanding of the pathogenicity of sexually transmitted pathogens and the diseases they cause, with spin-off in terms of better diagnosis and treatment. Yet, leaving aside the plethora of social, moral and political issues involved, effective vaccination against STDs remains an elusive goal, despite the extensive efforts of researchers.An impressive feature of this book is that it draws together a wide variety of aspects of STDs to give a global state- of-the-art account at the turn of the century. Moreover, it emphasizes that each STD can no longer be dealt with in isolation, as these infections can amplify each other and could be fuelling the growth of the HIV pandemic. All too often in reading a review on any individual sexually transmitted pathogen, basic background information on genital tract anatomy, physiology and mucosal immunity is assumed. The first section of this book corrects this deficiency by providing clear, up-to-date overviews of these topics in a highly readable manner, thereby avoiding any vacuum for the more detailed research reviews on individual genital pathogens that follow.The chapter on global epidemiology of STDs brings home the stark realities of the incidence statistics of STDs, and highlights why prevention of these diseases must be national and international health priorities in the new millennium; for example, ‘…the annual cost of selected STDs and their complications in the United States in 1994 was approximately $10b…’, ‘…WHO has estimated that up to 12 million new cases of syphilis in adults occur each year…’, ‘…WHO estimated that the number of new cases of gonorrhoea in developing countries in 1995 was over 50 million…’, and so on. There are also chapters dealing with non-specific strategies for control of STDs such as reducing risk behaviours, increasing health-promoting behaviours, sex education, microbicides and condoms. If you require statistics on condom sales, breakage, slippage and polyurethane vs latex varieties, everything you ever wanted to know about ‘rubbers’ is here!Approximately 60% of this book is devoted to individual pathogens and vaccines. A compelling feature of this section is the dual chapters on prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for control of herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus and hepatitis B virus. The chapters on chlamydial, gonococcal and treponemal infections deal with these topics in a more stylized manner covering diseases, pathogenicity and vaccine development. The last chapter is devoted to milestones and new insights in development of an HIV vaccine in an optimistic manner.At the dawn of the new millennium, Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Vaccines, Prevention and Control emphasizes the importance of STDs as a global public health issue and summarizes the status of current research on prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. It also emphasizes the need for implementation of programmes for the prevention of STDs. This book contains many 1999 references, demonstrating that a multi-authored text can be published in a timely manner, especially at this propitious moment in history.
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Thirty-eight strains ofCorynebacterium pyogenes isolated from cases of heifer- and dry-cow mastitis and from other infections of sheep, cows, pigs, and man were screened for agglutination of sheep erythrocytes. Bacteria grown either in... more
Thirty-eight strains ofCorynebacterium pyogenes isolated from cases of heifer- and dry-cow mastitis and from other infections of sheep, cows, pigs, and man were screened for agglutination of sheep erythrocytes. Bacteria grown either in serum broth or on blood agar in the presence of CO2 hemagglutinated. Performance of titrations at 4°C avoided the hemolytic effects ofC. pyogenes. Erythrocytes of cat, chicken,
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Research Interests: Molecular Biology, Biology, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Helicobacter pylori, Medicine, and 13 moreWestern blotting, Dogs, General Microbiology, Animals, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Neuraminidase, Goats, Antiserum, Molecular Mass, Erythrocytes, Hemagglutination, Antigen, and Antigenicity
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Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study two complex antigenic preparations from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, one of cytoplasmic origin and the other derived by Triton X-100 extraction of isolated washed gonococcal envelopes, with the... more
Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study two complex antigenic preparations from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, one of cytoplasmic origin and the other derived by Triton X-100 extraction of isolated washed gonococcal envelopes, with the aim of developing suitable reference antigen-antibody systems that could be subsequently used to investigate the immune response to gonococcal infection and to monitor envelope preparations for cytoplasmic contamination. A number of parameters were investigated to optimized and standardize antigen preparation, e.g., harvesting and washing of gonococci, methods of bacterial disruption, and washing of envelopes. The effects of Triton X-100 concentration, initial total envelope protein concentration, and the composition, pH, and concentration of buffer on cell envelope extractability were studied to obviate the need to concentrate material before use in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The electroendoosmotic properties of agarose were a major determining f...
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Sixty-three Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from bovine sources in the USA and the Republic of Ireland were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase... more
Sixty-three Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from bovine sources in the USA and the Republic of Ireland were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD–PCR) typing at two separate laboratories. The S. aureus isolates were assigned by MLEE to 10 electrophoretic types (ETs) (Index of Discrimination, D=0·779). In contrast, the same isolates were assigned to 13 ribotypes (D=0·888), and to 12 RAPD types (D=0·898). A common clone, ET3, of worldwide distribution, was represented by six distinct combinations of ribotypes and RAPD types. S. aureus clones recovered from cows in Ireland were also associated with mastitis in dairy cows in the USA. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that only a few specialized clones of S. aureus are responsible for the majority of cases of bovine mastitis, and that these clones have a broad geographic distribution.
Research Interests: Microbiology, Epidemiology, Biology, Mastitis, Bovine Mastitis, and 15 moreMedicine, Ireland, Molecular Epidemiology, Discriminant Analysis, Female, Animals, DNA profiling, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Research article, RAPD, Cattle, Fine Structure Constant, Public health systems and services research, Sensitivity and Specificity, and Restriction Mapping
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In the past 15 years the recognition of Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of gastroduodenal morbidity has probably had more impact on health care worldwide than any other emerging infection barring HIV. H. pylori is one of the... more
In the past 15 years the recognition of Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of gastroduodenal morbidity has probably had more impact on health care worldwide than any other emerging infection barring HIV. H. pylori is one of the commonest human gastrointestinal pathogens, infecting almost SO % of the human popu-lation (Taylor & Blaser, 1991). Since its rediscovery as curved bacteria in the stomach by histological exam-ination of gastric biopsies (Warren & Marshall, 1983;
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Staphylococcus aureus produces a phospholipase C specific for sphingomyelin (beta-hemolysin). Erythrocytes with approximately 50% sphingomyelin in their membranes, e.g., from sheep, have been shown to have up to 60% of this phospholipid... more
Staphylococcus aureus produces a phospholipase C specific for sphingomyelin (beta-hemolysin). Erythrocytes with approximately 50% sphingomyelin in their membranes, e.g., from sheep, have been shown to have up to 60% of this phospholipid hydrolyzed by this enzyme at 37 C in isotonic buffered saline without hemolysis. Cooling of sphingomyelinase C-treated erythrocytes to 4 C causes complete lysis of the cells, a phenomenon known as hot-cold hemolysis. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) to sheep erythrocytes preincubated with sphingomyelinase C was found to induce rapid hemolysis at 37 C. The treated cells became susceptible to chelator-induced hemolysis and to hot-cold hemolysis simultaneously, and the degree of lysis of both mechanisms increased equally with prolonged preincubation with sphingomyelinase C. Erythrocytes of species not readily susceptible to hot-cold hemolysis were equally insusceptible to chelator-induced lysis. Chelators of the EDTA series were the mo...
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Associations between enterotoxin gene cluster types egc1, egc2 and egc3, agr types, enterotoxin and enterotoxin-like gene profiles, and molecular typing characteristics of human nasal carriage and animal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus
Forty-eight Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from a young, healthy, Irish university student population from 1995 to 2004 were screened for 16 enterotoxin (SE) and enterotoxin-like (SEl) genes (sea–see, seg–sei, selj–selo, selq,... more
Forty-eight Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from a young, healthy, Irish university student population from 1995 to 2004 were screened for 16 enterotoxin (SE) and enterotoxin-like (SEl) genes (sea–see, seg–sei, selj–selo, selq, selu), and for the toxic shock toxin syndrome toxin-1 gene, tst. All of the isolates harboured at least one SE or SEl gene and 66.7 % possessed a classical SE gene (sea, seb, sec), the commonest being the seb gene. Most of the isolates (85.4 %) had a complete egc locus (selo, selm, sei, seln, seg). The intergenic sei–seln region of the egc locus was typed by PCR-RFLP in 34 isolates, 15 possessing pseudogenes ψent1 and ψent2 and 19 having the selu gene. The seh and sell genes, the selk–selq gene combination, and the tst gene were each found in <15 % of isolates. The agr genotype distribution was agr type III, 37.5 %; agr type I, 35.4 %; agr type II, 25 %; and agr type IV, 2.1 %. There was no association between SE–SEl genotype and agr type. All tst...
Research Interests: Medical Microbiology, Adolescent, Ireland, Molecular Epidemiology, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreMolecular typing, Humans, Bacterial Toxins, Enterotoxins, Bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene, Gen, Genotype, Adult, Nose, Medical, Carrier state, and Medical and Health Sciences
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... MICROBIOL.-VOL. 7 (1974) 41 Page 2. 42 C. J. SMYTH AND J. P. ARBUTHNOTT et al., 1971). ... Page 4. 44 C. J. SMYTH AND J. P. ARBUTHNOTT pH 7.0 standard buffer (Electronic Instruments Ltd) prepared on the day of use and cooled to 4°C... more
... MICROBIOL.-VOL. 7 (1974) 41 Page 2. 42 C. J. SMYTH AND J. P. ARBUTHNOTT et al., 1971). ... Page 4. 44 C. J. SMYTH AND J. P. ARBUTHNOTT pH 7.0 standard buffer (Electronic Instruments Ltd) prepared on the day of use and cooled to 4°C with the fractions under test. ...
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To obtain high yields of extracellular enzymes and toxins for immunological analysis, type culture collection strains of Clostridium perfringens types A to D and 28 fresh isolates of C. perfringens type A from humans were grown in... more
To obtain high yields of extracellular enzymes and toxins for immunological analysis, type culture collection strains of Clostridium perfringens types A to D and 28 fresh isolates of C. perfringens type A from humans were grown in fermenters under controlled conditions in a pre-reduced proteose peptone medium. The type culture collection strains all showed different characteristics with respect to growth rates and pH optima for growth. Production of phospholipase C (alpha-toxin), haemolysin and lethal activity varied considerably between the different types. Growth and extracellular protein production in fermenters with pH control and static or stirred cultures were compared. Production of all extracellular proteins measured was markedly improved by cultivation in fermenters with pH control. Strain ATCC13124 produced five times more phospholipase C than any of 28 freshly isolated strains of C. perfringens type A, grown under identical conditions. Haemolytic and lethal activities of ...