TOSHKENT DAVLAT SHARQSHUNOSLIK UNIVERSITETI Atoqli olim, tarix fanlari doktori, professor, Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida xizmat koʻrsatgan yoshlar murabbiysi Mirsodiq Isʼhoqovning 80 yilligiga bagʻishlangan, 2023
In this article, we have researched information about the history and
pattern of monuments of anc... more In this article, we have researched information about the history and
pattern of monuments of ancient Sogdian writing. Our ancient ancestors, the Sogdians,
who are considered an important component of the history of our country, were the main
traders on the Great Silk Road. Trade colonies in various regions of Central Asia had
their own quarters in many cities. The Sogdians created many historical monuments.
So, who are the Sogdians? What does the term Sogd mean? Is the term Sogd the name
of a toponym or the name of an ethnic group? What do we know about the Sogdian
monuments that tell about our history? And we were interested in samples of Sogdian
written monuments. There were many such questions, and we covered historical
information about them in the article. , in this article we presented information about a
Sogdian monument called "Bugut Memoir".
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"Sa'adatnama or Ruznama-yi Ghazavat-i Hindustan" by Ghiyaziddin Ali Yazdi, the main source describing Amir Timur's march to Hindustan. In the article, we also examined data about translations and analyses of the work, as well as copies of the work and their storage locations.
va katta aql-idrok bilan ish olib boradigan kuchli siyosatdon hamda dovyurak sarkarda edi.
U mohir lashkarboshi sifatida o‘z xalqi, qo‘shini va amirlari orasida ulkan obro‘-e’tibor
qozongan edi. Shunday ajoyib fazilatlarga ega sohibqiron Movarounnahrda markazlashgan
davlatga asos soldi. Davlatchiligimiz tarixida davlat boshqaruviga oid Sohibqiron Amir
Temurning o‘ziga xos uslublari, yo‘l-yo‘riqlari, qonun-qoidalari bor ediki, hozirda ham
sohibqiron faoliyatining ushbu jihatlarining o‘rganilishi muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, o‘z
tadqiqotchilarini kutib turibdi. Amir Temur buyuk harbiy strateg va urushlarda doimo
g‘olib sarkarda edi. U ulkan imperiya qurishni o‘z oldiga maqsad qilib qo‘ygan hukmdor
sifatida hozirgi kundagi Turkmaniston, Afgʻoniston, Eron, Iroq va Suriya kabi mamlakatlar
hududida tarixan yashab kelgan turkman qabilalarini o‘ziga bo‘ysundira olagan edi.
Sohibqiron Temur davrida turk-islom madaniyatiga katta hissa qo‘shgan turkmanlar Temur
qo‘mondonligi ostidagi yirik harbiy kuchga aylandi. Temur, ayniqsa, turkman otliq
qoʻshinlariga ishongan va ulardan urushda oldingi safda foydalangan. Biroq Temur davrida
turkmanlar bilan birmuncha nizolar bo‘lgan. Bu to‘qnashuvlarning sabablari orasida
chegaralardagi hududiy nizolar, yerlar, boyliklarini bo‘lishish va boshqaruvda o‘z so‘zini
aytish istagi bor edi. Biz esa ushbu maqolada Amir Temurning dastlabki siyosiy faoliyatida
muhim ahamiyat kasb etgan turkmanlarning Joni Qurbon qabilasi yetakchisi Alibek bilan
munosabatlari haqida manbalarda keltirilgan Amir Temur va Alibek Joniqurboniy o‘rtasidagi murakkab munosabatlarga to‘xtalib, ularning turli tarixiy manbalarda
tasvirlangan o‘zaro munosabatlariga oid ma’lumotlarni tahlil etdik.
Президент Шавкат Мирзиёев: “Марказий Осиёда Ўзбекистон сўнги йилларда яхши қўшничилик, барқарорлик, ўзаро ҳамкорлик ва ривожланиш сиёсатини давом еттирмоқда. Минтақа давлатлари ўртасида ўзаро савдо икки ярим баробардан зиёд, қўшма корхоналар сони еса беш марта ўсди.
fortress. The article analyzes the information about the Fushanj toponym in the
sources of the Timurid period.
yuritiladi. Temuriylar davri manbalarida Fushanj toponimi to‘g‘risidagi keltirilgan ma’lumotlar tahlil
etilgan.
egallash jarayonlari haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Temuriylar davri manbalarida
Turshiz toponimi to‘g‘risidagi keltirilgan ma’lumotlar tahlil etilgan.
Maqolada qal’aning joylashuvi, XIV asrdagi boshqaruv tarixi, aholisi
haqida ma’lumotlar berildi.
pattern of monuments of ancient Sogdian writing. Our ancient ancestors, the Sogdians,
who are considered an important component of the history of our country, were the main
traders on the Great Silk Road. Trade colonies in various regions of Central Asia had
their own quarters in many cities. The Sogdians created many historical monuments.
So, who are the Sogdians? What does the term Sogd mean? Is the term Sogd the name
of a toponym or the name of an ethnic group? What do we know about the Sogdian
monuments that tell about our history? And we were interested in samples of Sogdian
written monuments. There were many such questions, and we covered historical
information about them in the article. , in this article we presented information about a
Sogdian monument called "Bugut Memoir".
“Kurum”. We provided information about the toponym “Kurum” in historical sources and were
interested in the naming and etymology of this toponym. In the article, we explained the information
from the historical sources about Kurum historical figures: “Zafarnama”, “Habib us-Siyar” and wrote
that the area where this toponym is located has been the homeland of Azerbaijanis since ancient times.
from the sources that Amir Temur did not allow damage to the cities where the graves of the saints are
located due to the respect of the pure. In this article, we have described the relationship between one of
these religious scholars and sheikhs, Baba Sangu from Andhud, and Amir Temur.
"Sa'adatnama or Ruznama-yi Ghazavat-i Hindustan" by Ghiyaziddin Ali Yazdi, the main source describing Amir Timur's march to Hindustan. In the article, we also examined data about translations and analyses of the work, as well as copies of the work and their storage locations.
va katta aql-idrok bilan ish olib boradigan kuchli siyosatdon hamda dovyurak sarkarda edi.
U mohir lashkarboshi sifatida o‘z xalqi, qo‘shini va amirlari orasida ulkan obro‘-e’tibor
qozongan edi. Shunday ajoyib fazilatlarga ega sohibqiron Movarounnahrda markazlashgan
davlatga asos soldi. Davlatchiligimiz tarixida davlat boshqaruviga oid Sohibqiron Amir
Temurning o‘ziga xos uslublari, yo‘l-yo‘riqlari, qonun-qoidalari bor ediki, hozirda ham
sohibqiron faoliyatining ushbu jihatlarining o‘rganilishi muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, o‘z
tadqiqotchilarini kutib turibdi. Amir Temur buyuk harbiy strateg va urushlarda doimo
g‘olib sarkarda edi. U ulkan imperiya qurishni o‘z oldiga maqsad qilib qo‘ygan hukmdor
sifatida hozirgi kundagi Turkmaniston, Afgʻoniston, Eron, Iroq va Suriya kabi mamlakatlar
hududida tarixan yashab kelgan turkman qabilalarini o‘ziga bo‘ysundira olagan edi.
Sohibqiron Temur davrida turk-islom madaniyatiga katta hissa qo‘shgan turkmanlar Temur
qo‘mondonligi ostidagi yirik harbiy kuchga aylandi. Temur, ayniqsa, turkman otliq
qoʻshinlariga ishongan va ulardan urushda oldingi safda foydalangan. Biroq Temur davrida
turkmanlar bilan birmuncha nizolar bo‘lgan. Bu to‘qnashuvlarning sabablari orasida
chegaralardagi hududiy nizolar, yerlar, boyliklarini bo‘lishish va boshqaruvda o‘z so‘zini
aytish istagi bor edi. Biz esa ushbu maqolada Amir Temurning dastlabki siyosiy faoliyatida
muhim ahamiyat kasb etgan turkmanlarning Joni Qurbon qabilasi yetakchisi Alibek bilan
munosabatlari haqida manbalarda keltirilgan Amir Temur va Alibek Joniqurboniy o‘rtasidagi murakkab munosabatlarga to‘xtalib, ularning turli tarixiy manbalarda
tasvirlangan o‘zaro munosabatlariga oid ma’lumotlarni tahlil etdik.
Президент Шавкат Мирзиёев: “Марказий Осиёда Ўзбекистон сўнги йилларда яхши қўшничилик, барқарорлик, ўзаро ҳамкорлик ва ривожланиш сиёсатини давом еттирмоқда. Минтақа давлатлари ўртасида ўзаро савдо икки ярим баробардан зиёд, қўшма корхоналар сони еса беш марта ўсди.
fortress. The article analyzes the information about the Fushanj toponym in the
sources of the Timurid period.
yuritiladi. Temuriylar davri manbalarida Fushanj toponimi to‘g‘risidagi keltirilgan ma’lumotlar tahlil
etilgan.
egallash jarayonlari haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Temuriylar davri manbalarida
Turshiz toponimi to‘g‘risidagi keltirilgan ma’lumotlar tahlil etilgan.
Maqolada qal’aning joylashuvi, XIV asrdagi boshqaruv tarixi, aholisi
haqida ma’lumotlar berildi.
pattern of monuments of ancient Sogdian writing. Our ancient ancestors, the Sogdians,
who are considered an important component of the history of our country, were the main
traders on the Great Silk Road. Trade colonies in various regions of Central Asia had
their own quarters in many cities. The Sogdians created many historical monuments.
So, who are the Sogdians? What does the term Sogd mean? Is the term Sogd the name
of a toponym or the name of an ethnic group? What do we know about the Sogdian
monuments that tell about our history? And we were interested in samples of Sogdian
written monuments. There were many such questions, and we covered historical
information about them in the article. , in this article we presented information about a
Sogdian monument called "Bugut Memoir".
“Kurum”. We provided information about the toponym “Kurum” in historical sources and were
interested in the naming and etymology of this toponym. In the article, we explained the information
from the historical sources about Kurum historical figures: “Zafarnama”, “Habib us-Siyar” and wrote
that the area where this toponym is located has been the homeland of Azerbaijanis since ancient times.
from the sources that Amir Temur did not allow damage to the cities where the graves of the saints are
located due to the respect of the pure. In this article, we have described the relationship between one of
these religious scholars and sheikhs, Baba Sangu from Andhud, and Amir Temur.
The views, opinions, and scientific hypotheses of scientists on the semantics of the term "Turk"
and the origin of the word "Turk" are compared.
Sahibkiran Emir Temur’s success is due to the strict discipline he created and put into practice. Emir Temur wrote the basics of state-building in his work “Temur’s Statutes”. In particular, he said, “I have strengthened the rules of my kingdom by tying them to twelve rules.”
In addition, in the section “Rules of the ranks of the emirate and the governor”, the characteristics of the person appointed as the emir, the rank of the emirate explains his characteristics. Emir Temur: “I have ordered three hundred and thirteen of my closest navkars to be promoted to the rank of amir because they are simple, intelligent, brave, prudent, enterprising, vigilant, careful, and thoughtful. I appointed them as my representatives in the army and the regions. If one of the emirs dies, a deputy is appointed in his place and is called a “candidate for the emirate.” Among those who broke the cannon and defeated the enemy were talented commanders. I promoted them to the rank of emirate and heroism (Bakhodir, Batir).
Muhammad (“S.A.V.” peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fought against a thousand-strong army in the Battle of Badr with three hundred and thirteen companions. For this reason, three hundred and thirteen soldiers of Emir Temur’s army, who showed heroism and devotion in battles, were awarded the title of Emirate. It is known in our article that Emir Temur is a Turk from the Barlas tribe.
But we wondered which Turkish tribe his commanders, and heroes, were from. That is why. On the basis of such historical works as Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi’s “Zafarnoma”, Nizamiddin Shami’s “Zafarnoma”, Muiniddin Natanzi’s “Muntahab ut-tavorix”, Giyosiddin Khandamir’s “Habib us-siyar”, we have studied which Turkic tribe these commanders belonged to.
qualities, virtues, and high spiritual perfection.
A talented statesman, a talented strategist, able to establish a centralized state in difficult times.
The reason for these results achieved by Amir Temur is the strict discipline he developed and put into
practice. Emir Temur wrote the foundations of state building in his work "Temur's traps". Specifically,
he said: "I strengthened the rules of my kingdom by binding them to twelve rules."
In addition, in the "Emirate and Governorship Rank Regulations" section, the emirate level
assigned as an emir explains its characteristics. Emir Temur said, “I ordered three hundred and thirteenof my closest navkars to be promoted to the rank of Emir because they are naive, smart, brave,
courageous, enterprising, alert, careful and thoughtful. I appointed a proxy. If one of the emirs dies, he
is replaced by a deputy and is called a "candidate for emirate". Talented commanders are among those
who break and defeat the cannon of the army." Why were three hundred and thirteen amirs appointed
now? Because the first battle in Islam was during the Battle of Badr. There were three hundred and
thirteen companions who fought with Muhammad (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) against a thousandstrong
army. In our article, it is known that Emir Temur was from the Barlas tribe of Turks. However,
we wondered from which Turkish tribe the commanders and heroes of his army belonged. Therefore,
Şerafiddin Ali Yazdi's "Zafarnoma", Nizamiddin Shami's "Zafarnoma", Muiniddin Natanzi' We
explained the "Muntahab ut-tavorix" by Giyosiddin Khandamir, based on historical manuscripts such
as "Habib us-Siyar"
Humomuddin ibn Jaloliddin Muhammad ibn Burhoniddin Xondamir yaratgan «Habib us-siyar»
nomli yirik tarixiy asarning tarixshunosligi va bu asarning o‘rganilish tarixi yoritilgan.