Kristine Langhoff

This research review addresses the similarities and differences between domestic violence and sex trafficking victimization. While there is evidence that domestic violence and sex trafficking often co-occur, there is a large disparity in the understanding and interventions utilized by law enforcement as well as the services available for victims of each crime despite the considerable overlap of victimization. This paper explores current research regarding domestic violence and sex trafficking with a focus towards identifying areas of overlap and areas distinct to sex trafficking. Indications of five unique aspects of sex trafficking were found including: 1) exploitation (including economic/financial exploitation), 2) sexual activity outside the primary relationship, 3) victimization by people outside the primary relationship that do not help or assist victims, 4) the participation in a unique subculture: 5) and the experience of identifying with a stigmatized role/label. Currently, services for sex trafficking victims and domestic violence victims are rarely combined except in settings specifically serving sex trafficking victims. The understanding of these differences will allow for more informed enforcement of sex trafficking laws and expansion of service providers for sex trafficking victims.

The role of women in the sex trafficking of minors in the United States has received limited research attention. Case study analysis of 49 female pimps from federal, state, and local cases were analyzed to explore whether there were differences in the penalties given to females when compared with their male co-defendants, and cross-case analysis was conducted to identify themes that represent female pimp typologies. Both prison sentence and probation sentences were significantly lower for female co-defendants when compared with their male co-defendants. Five discrete typologies were developed including Bottom, Madam/Business Partner, Family, Girilla, and Handler. Each of these had unique features regarding violence toward their minor victims, co-defendants, actions during the sexual exploitation of the minor, and sentencing outcomes. Implications for practice and future research were recommended.

This research review addresses the similarities and differences between domestic violence and sex trafficking victimization. While there is evidence that domestic violence and sex trafficking often co-occur, there is a large disparity in the understanding and interventions utilized by law enforcement as well as the services available for victims of each crime despite the considerable overlap of victimization. This paper explores current research regarding domestic violence and sex trafficking with a focus towards identifying areas of overlap and areas distinct to sex trafficking. Indications of five unique aspects of sex trafficking were found including: 1) exploitation (including economic/financial exploitation), 2) sexual activity outside the primary relationship, 3) victimization by people outside the primary relationship that do not help or assist victims, 4) the participation in a unique subculture: 5) and the experience of identifying with a stigmatized role/label. Currently, services for sex trafficking victims and domestic violence victims are rarely combined except in settings specifically serving sex trafficking victims. The understanding of these differences will allow for more informed enforcement of sex trafficking laws and expansion of service providers for sex trafficking victims.

This study examines the trauma symptoms and life experiences of 49 women in a residential prostitution-exiting program and identifies differences among women who complete 90 days of the program and women who drop out of the program prior to completing 90 days. The majority of the women reported childhood abuse, adult abusive relationships, and victimization. Women who completed 90 days

Results. The female juvenile arsonists were often from profoundly unstable homes, experienced difficulty with school attendance and behaviour, had little or no contact with at least one parent, and were in a crisis at the time of the arson offence. Arson crimes committed by ...

A qualitative approach was used to explore the meaning of being in love for Mexican American and White adolescents. Adolescents' written descriptions were coded using inductive content analysis. Five broader love themes encompassing five additional subthemes emerged: commitment (sacrifice and time); intimacy (friendship, trust, and caring); reciprocity; unconditional acceptance; and unsure/unknown. Mexican American adolescents mentioned intimacy components, White adolescent boys