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With the unprecedented rise of unaccompanied refugee minors departing Middle Eastern and African ... more With the unprecedented rise of unaccompanied refugee minors departing Middle Eastern and African countries, and especially Syria, for settlement in the USA and elsewhere in the Western world, authors consider the Islamic requirement of kafala or guardianship of unparented children, a topic little known or discussed in the social work literature. The concept of kafala is explored with a discussion of the literature and limited empirical evidence of how the care arrangement for children is actually enacted practically. Child rights frame the discussion. Then, implications for social workers, as well as carers, especially those working in the USA, are discussed with recommendations for social work service provision emphasizing practices that are culturally sensitive in an environment of multiculturalization.
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This study examines the relationships between accident involvement, driving behaviors, and young ... more This study examines the relationships between accident involvement, driving behaviors, and young male drivers' attitudes towards traffic safety in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study utilizes a primary dataset of 287 young drivers from ages 18 to 24. The study employs a structural equation modelling approach to quantify the relationships between attitudes, driving behaviors, and accident involvement. The findings indicate that the driving behavior of young Saudi male drivers is classified in three distinct categories: error making, aggressive driving, and speedy driving. Unlike error making, both aggressive and speedy driving behaviors are significantly influenced by drivers' attitudes towards traffic safety, and both have a significant influence on accident involvement. In contrast, attitude has no direct or indirect influence on accident involvement. In addition, driving experience, level of education, and socioeconomic status showed no significant effects on accident involvement. Tailored solutions, including policy interventions that involve the local Saudi driving community, are advocated based on the empirical evidence.
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Arts-informed approaches in qualitative research are gaining more recognition as being a critical... more Arts-informed approaches in qualitative research are gaining more recognition as being a critical research approach in the social sciences. Using arts in research is most commonly seen in the data collection process and in data representation, however, very little is written about how to use arts-informed approaches in data analysis. There are no " how-to " guides and researchers who engage in photovoice research often implement traditional qualitative methods for analyzing their data. The purpose of this article is to merge creativity with rigor to illustrate alternative means to analyze photovoice research data. This article serves as a practical and systematic guide for interpreting photographic and interview transcript data from photovoice projects. Various tables illustrate organizational strategies, and collages serve as a metaphor for the analysis process and themes. The benefits of using arts-informed analysis methods include cross-disciplinary study, innovative ways to interpret data, enhancement of trust-worthiness and rigor, and building creative mediums as a form of knowledge.
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Child car safety has significantly improved in Western nations with the use of proper child restr... more Child car safety has significantly improved in Western nations with the use of proper child restraints over the last 40 years, but progress lags in other nations. High income but developing Eastern Mediterranean countries experience one of the world's highest road traffic injury mortality rates for children. This study provides a preliminary investigation of child safety seat utilization among United Arab Emirates (UAE) citizen parents. Cross-sectional survey research was used to determine child safety seat utilization proportions. Data were collected from a convenience sample composed of target citizens, which make up approximately 15% of the total population of the country. A total of 366 parents with at least one child under 13 years of age participated. Despite prevalent car seat giveaway campaigns and regardless of car seat ownership, the overall percentage of car seat use among Emirati parents was low: less than 20% for their children under 24 months. Additionally, of those who use a car seat, parents reported improper use. The UAE currently has no compulsory child safety seat legislation. The findings suggest the need for further studies on car seat usage in the UAE, as well as intervention research in order to inform locally relevant and culturally appropriate public information campaigns.
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Divorce in virtually every culture is a private affair and not thus easily discussed in public. I... more Divorce in virtually every culture is a private affair and not thus easily discussed in public. In the Arabian Gulf, because of the shame associated with deep religious, traditional, and gendered views of marriage, divorce is extremely secretive and has therefore been rarely studied. This article explores the lived experiences of 21 Arab Muslims from the United Arab Emirates who were in traditional arranged marriages and have divorced. Ten Emirati women and 11 Emirati men were interviewed using phenomenology to guide an inductive exploration. Nine themes emerged from the interviews. Five were shared across genders and 2 themes were specific to one gender. The first 4 might be called universal themes as they show up consistently in literature from both the East and the West. The rest appear to be more culturally specific.
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The sex trafficking of women has received attention by the U.S. social work profession as a conte... more The sex trafficking of women has received attention by the U.S. social work profession as a contemporary human-rights abuse. However, trafficking is not an emergent issue but is historically situated within the profession. Sex trafficking is inextricably linked with the origins of professional social work, with Jane Addams playing a critical role in the Progressive Era fight against sexual slavery. This has impacted the contemporary understanding of sex trafficking by social workers and has had practice implications. This article examines historical and contemporary parallels, policies, and perspectives on the sex trafficking of women in the United States.
Keywords: White slavery, sex slavery, sex trafficking, human trafficking, prostitution, sex work, Progressive Era
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Commercial gestational surrogacy arrangements have increased significantly over the past decade. ... more Commercial gestational surrogacy arrangements have increased significantly over the past decade. Many people are speaking out against the practice citing dehumanization, commodification, baby-selling, and exploitation; surrogacy has been banned in much of the world, despite only a small number of empirical studies on surrogates’ experiences and attitudes. The United States is a popular global surrogacy destination, where surrogacy remains legal. U.S. surrogates are not an invisible group but are active users of internet forums and blogs. This article describes the framing of the experiences by gestational surrogates who keep blogs, using their blogs as data.
Keywords: gestational surrogacy, content analysis, blogs, interpretive phenomenological analysis
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Global Social Welfare
"The number of global surrogacy arrangements has exploded over the last decade, and the rise in t... more "The number of global surrogacy arrangements has exploded over the last decade, and the rise in the practice has led to concerns over social justice, human rights, and exploitation, among other issues. As of now, there are no international regulations or guidelines regarding global surrogacy arrangements, and in some countries where the practice is prevalent, i.e. India, there is little national regulation or oversight. Global surrogacy is a complex issue that includes questions related to morality, social justice, and the complexities of inequalities in a globalized world that interface with a multi-million dollar industry. The purpose of the paper is to present global surrogacy dynamics written in a manner to help the reader understand this complex phenomenon, including a discussion of the associated problems and ethical dilemmas. We use the U.S. and India, as two contrasting cases, focusing on some unique matters related to surrogacy in each country, to highlight the issues. We discuss human rights instruments and international private law to frame global surrogacy regulation, including the rights of women and the rights of the child. We conclude with pragmatic policy recommendations oriented to some of the practices necessary to regulate global surrogacy arrangements in a fair and consistent manner, while maintaining that ultimately the voices of all involved in global surrogacy contracts, and most especially the surrogates themselves need to be included in further discussions of the issue.
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Available in the journal: International Social Work
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Global Social Welfare, Jul 2014
Abstract
The number of global surrogacy arrangements increased exponentially over the last decad... more Abstract
The number of global surrogacy arrangements increased exponentially over the last decade, and the rise in the practice has led to concerns over issues such as social justice, exploitation, and human rights abuses. Currently, there are no international regulations or guidelines regarding global surrogacy arrangements, and in some countries where the practice is prevalent, i.e., India, there is limited national regulation or oversight. Global surrogacy is a complex issue that includes questions related to morality, parentage, the natural mother–infant bond, and the complexities of inequalities in a globalized world that interface with a multi-million dollar industry. The purpose of the paper is to present global surrogacy dynamics written in a manner to help the reader understand this complex phenomenon, including a discussion of the associated problems and ethical dilemmas. The USA and India, two contrasting global surrogacy destination countries, are presented as cases, and some unique matters related to surrogacy in each country are emphasized to highlight the issues. Human rights instruments and international private law are discussed to frame global surrogacy regulation including the rights of the child and the rights of women. The analysis is concluded with pragmatic policy recommendations oriented to some of the practices necessary to regulate global surrogacy arrangements in a fair and consistent manner, while maintaining that ultimately the voices of all involved in global surrogacy contracts, and most especially the surrogates themselves, need to be included in further discussions of the issue.
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Families, Relationships and Societies
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Affilia, Jan 1, 2012
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Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Jan 1, 2012
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Journal of Social Work Values and …, Jan 1, 2012
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Advances in Social Work, Jan 1, 2012
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Articles and Chapters: Surrogacy
http://isw.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/03/23/0020872814564706.abstract
Rotabi, K. S., Bromfie... more http://isw.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/03/23/0020872814564706.abstract
Rotabi, K. S., Bromfield, N. F., & Fronek, P. (2015). International private law to regulate commercial global surrogacy practices: Just what are social work’s practical policy recommendations? International Social Work. doi: 10.1177/0020872814564706
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Books
'Rotabi and Bromfield deliver a much needed book; compelling, hard to put down, and hard to ignor... more 'Rotabi and Bromfield deliver a much needed book; compelling, hard to put down, and hard to ignore. The chronicling of intercountry adoptions-in the North and South Americas, Asia, Europe, Africa, and Oceania-and the beginnings of the surrogacy boom bring together the leading research of our time. Hard facts are not compromised by sentimentality and important questions are posed. A human rights and global perspective tells a story that is complex and multifaceted. Rotabi and Bromfield are not ideologically driven; they are genuine in encapsulating the research and respectful of all perspectives. There is much that is new in this book, particularly the story of Guatemalan adoptions. The lived experiences of those families whose human rights were trampled upon are vivid and the cases of child stealing, abduction, fraud, and trafficking are chilling and frightening. Everyone involved in intercountry adoptions and surrogacy should read this book, if only to prepare for the questions from the children at the heart of these practices when they inevitably discover the debates about their lives and families. This book is long overdue and should be on every book shelf.'-Patricia Fronek, Griffith University, Australia 'Rotabi and Bromfield introduce readers not only to the history and politics of inter-country adoption but also its parallels with the controversial inter-country gestational surrogacy industry. This book makes a refreshingly clear, meticulous, and important contribution to critical analyses of the politics of intercountry adoption and the booming fertility industry.' – Amrita Pande, University of Cape Town, South Africa Intercountry adoption has undergone a radical decline since 2004 when it reached a peak of approximately 45,000 children adopted globally. Its practice had been linked to conflict, poverty, gender inequality, and claims of human trafficking, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption (HCIA). This international private law along with the Convention on the Rights of the Child affirm the best interests of the child as paramount in making decisions on behalf of children and families with obligations specifically oriented to safeguards in adoption practices. In 2002, as intercountry adoption peaked and then began a dramatic decline, commercial global surrogacy contracts began to take off in India. Global surrogacy gained in popularity owing, in part, to improved assisted reproductive technology methods, the ease with which people can make global surrogacy arrangements, and same-sex couples seeking the option to have their own genetically-related children. Yet regulation remains an issue, so much so that the Hague Conference on Private International Law has undertaken research and assessed the many dilemmas as an expert group considers drafting a new law, with some similarities to the HCIA and a strong emphasis on parentage. This groundbreaking book presents a detailed history and applies policy and human rights issues with an emphasis on the best interests of the child within intercountry adoption and the new conceptions of protection necessary in global surrogacy. To meet this end, voices of surrogate mothers in the US and India ground discourse as authors consider the human rights concerns and policy implications.
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Intercountry adoption has undergone a radical decline since 2004 when it reached a peak of approx... more Intercountry adoption has undergone a radical decline since 2004 when it reached a peak of approximately 45,000 children adopted globally. Its practice had been linked to conflict, poverty, gender inequality, and claims of human trafficking, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption (HCIA). This international private law along with the Convention on the Rights of the Child affirm the best interests of the child as paramount in making decisions on behalf of children and families with obligations specifically oriented to safeguards in adoption practices. In 2004, as intercountry adoption peaked and then began a dramatic decline, commercial global surrogacy contracts began to take off in India. Global surrogacy gained in popularity owing, in part, to improved assisted reproductive technology methods, the ease with which people can make global surrogacy arrangements, and same-sex couples seeking the option to have their own genetically-related children. Yet regulation remains an issue, so much so that the Hague Conference on Private International Law has undertaken research and assessed the many dilemmas as an expert group considers drafting a new law, with some similarities to the HCIA and a strong emphasis on parentage. This ground-breaking book presents a detailed history and applies policy and human rights issues with an emphasis on the best interests of the child within intercountry adoption and the new conceptions of protection necessary in global surrogacy. To meet this end, voices of surrogate mothers in the US and India ground discourse as authors consider the human rights concerns and policy implications. For both intercountry adoption and global surrogacy, the complexity of the social context anchors the discourse inclusive of the intersections of poverty and privilege. This examination of the inevitable problems is presented at a time in which the pathways to global surrogacy appear to be shifting as the Supreme Court of India weighs in on the future of the industry there while Thailand, Cambodia and other countries have banned the practice all together. There is speculation that countries in Africa and possibly Central America appear poised to pick up the multi-million dollar industry as the demand for healthy infants continues on.
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Uploads
Keywords: White slavery, sex slavery, sex trafficking, human trafficking, prostitution, sex work, Progressive Era
Keywords: gestational surrogacy, content analysis, blogs, interpretive phenomenological analysis
"
The number of global surrogacy arrangements increased exponentially over the last decade, and the rise in the practice has led to concerns over issues such as social justice, exploitation, and human rights abuses. Currently, there are no international regulations or guidelines regarding global surrogacy arrangements, and in some countries where the practice is prevalent, i.e., India, there is limited national regulation or oversight. Global surrogacy is a complex issue that includes questions related to morality, parentage, the natural mother–infant bond, and the complexities of inequalities in a globalized world that interface with a multi-million dollar industry. The purpose of the paper is to present global surrogacy dynamics written in a manner to help the reader understand this complex phenomenon, including a discussion of the associated problems and ethical dilemmas. The USA and India, two contrasting global surrogacy destination countries, are presented as cases, and some unique matters related to surrogacy in each country are emphasized to highlight the issues. Human rights instruments and international private law are discussed to frame global surrogacy regulation including the rights of the child and the rights of women. The analysis is concluded with pragmatic policy recommendations oriented to some of the practices necessary to regulate global surrogacy arrangements in a fair and consistent manner, while maintaining that ultimately the voices of all involved in global surrogacy contracts, and most especially the surrogates themselves, need to be included in further discussions of the issue.
Rotabi, K. S., Bromfield, N. F., & Fronek, P. (2015). International private law to regulate commercial global surrogacy practices: Just what are social work’s practical policy recommendations? International Social Work. doi: 10.1177/0020872814564706
Keywords: White slavery, sex slavery, sex trafficking, human trafficking, prostitution, sex work, Progressive Era
Keywords: gestational surrogacy, content analysis, blogs, interpretive phenomenological analysis
"
The number of global surrogacy arrangements increased exponentially over the last decade, and the rise in the practice has led to concerns over issues such as social justice, exploitation, and human rights abuses. Currently, there are no international regulations or guidelines regarding global surrogacy arrangements, and in some countries where the practice is prevalent, i.e., India, there is limited national regulation or oversight. Global surrogacy is a complex issue that includes questions related to morality, parentage, the natural mother–infant bond, and the complexities of inequalities in a globalized world that interface with a multi-million dollar industry. The purpose of the paper is to present global surrogacy dynamics written in a manner to help the reader understand this complex phenomenon, including a discussion of the associated problems and ethical dilemmas. The USA and India, two contrasting global surrogacy destination countries, are presented as cases, and some unique matters related to surrogacy in each country are emphasized to highlight the issues. Human rights instruments and international private law are discussed to frame global surrogacy regulation including the rights of the child and the rights of women. The analysis is concluded with pragmatic policy recommendations oriented to some of the practices necessary to regulate global surrogacy arrangements in a fair and consistent manner, while maintaining that ultimately the voices of all involved in global surrogacy contracts, and most especially the surrogates themselves, need to be included in further discussions of the issue.
Rotabi, K. S., Bromfield, N. F., & Fronek, P. (2015). International private law to regulate commercial global surrogacy practices: Just what are social work’s practical policy recommendations? International Social Work. doi: 10.1177/0020872814564706