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Improving crops of the semi-arid tropics in Iran: proceedings of the second Iran-ICRISAT workshop on collaborative research 21-24 August 2000 seed and plant improvement institute Karaj, Iran , Improving crops of the semi-arid tropics in... more
Improving crops of the semi-arid tropics in Iran: proceedings of the second Iran-ICRISAT workshop on collaborative research 21-24 August 2000 seed and plant improvement institute Karaj, Iran , Improving crops of the semi-arid tropics in Iran: proceedings of the second Iran-ICRISAT workshop on... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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Hapluids (sporophytes with lhe gametic chrom06(Jme number) f,um polysomk: p(.Jlyploid~ represem a random gameti'c sample from the parenl and can be used 10 map genes that affect quantltat,ve trai! vmiation (OTV) with the aid of... more
Hapluids (sporophytes with lhe gametic chrom06(Jme number) f,um polysomk: p(.Jlyploid~ represem a random gameti'c sample from the parenl and can be used 10 map genes that affect quantltat,ve trai! vmiation (OTV) with the aid of moleculm' markers (isozymes or RFLPs). The objel;ljvc: of (his work was to analyze QTV using isozyme markers in four potato (tetrasomic p0lyploid) haploid populations, Almost 200 haploids from lhe cvs. "Atlantic", "Chippewa'", "M,TrimRck'" and the advanced S('kction "W-231" were: evaluated ph~notypicaJJy for eight different agronomic traits and scored for 13 isozyme nll\rkers distributed in the 12 different linkage groups ot potatO, Eighl (lIZLI!,US "ere linked 10 quanlolatilJ(' trait loci (QT~) affecting QTV on the traits evaluated, HOW(;:lcT, lhere welt: difference" between haploid pupuJations for QTLs a.. . paren/. Three out of four QTLs for tuber yield and two out or lour QTLs tor avcrage tuber wci~ht, linked (0 isozyme markers in tht' Atlantic haploid population, had overdOnlmance as the main lypt: 01 g'.:Jjt' ;, ~osity on the phenotype and explains why the loss of parental heterozygosity, 01' the CliltiviJf Atlantic, results in lower than o.pcded tuber yield in its haploid progen)'. Key \\'()rds: Double reduction, Linkage maps, Molecular markers, QTLs, Solallum Il,beroswrl.
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Abstract Nine heat tolerant and 10 non-heat tolerant clones were planted in pots and divided into two sets. One set was planted in a walk-in growth chamber at high temperature and long day conditions. The second set was placed outside in... more
Abstract Nine heat tolerant and 10 non-heat tolerant clones were planted in pots and divided into two sets. One set was planted in a walk-in growth chamber at high temperature and long day conditions. The second set was placed outside in the experimental field of CIP, La Molina, Lima during the summer of 1986. Through the use of a completely randomized design plants were evaluated weekly for height and number of internodes, leaves and stems. When Heat Tolerant (HT) clones were compared with Non-Heat Tolerant (NHT) clones in field conditions, there were significant differences in height and numbers of internodes and leaves in the latter three weekly evaluations. Under controlled conditions highly significant differences among the HT clones were found for all traits except leaf number, which was significant only in the last week's evaluation. For breeders the observed variability does not seem useful in a screening program based on morphological traits using controlled environment instead of field conditions.
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Five tetraploid clones of potato were crossed to each of eight diploid first division restitution (FDR) 2n pollen producers and four tetraploid males using a line × tester mating design. A total of 59 families were obtained and evaluated... more
Five tetraploid clones of potato were crossed to each of eight diploid first division restitution (FDR) 2n pollen producers and four tetraploid males using a line × tester mating design. A total of 59 families were obtained and evaluated under long days at Rhinelander (USA). A subset of 49 families were grown under short days at four Peruvian locations. Tuber yield (kg per plant) of 4x‐2x families was similar to, or greater than, that of 4x‐4x families in short day environments. The diploid clones had breeding values greater than or equal to those of the tetraploid clones. Only families derived from FDR 2n pollinators combined high tuber yield with stability and high dry matter content. Reciprocal recurrent selection would be the best breeding scheme, in which the diploids are testers of the tetraploids and vice‐versa. Intra‐population improvement could be achieved through phenotypic recurrent selection. The best materials from both breeding pools could then be crossed to produce tetraploid hybrids through unilateral sexual polyploidization (4x‐2x crosses).
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Inbreeding depression may affect the performance of consecutive generations of potatoes propagated by true potato seed (TPS). The effect of inbreeding was established using selfed and sib-mated generations of five TPS families.... more
Inbreeding depression may affect the performance of consecutive generations of potatoes propagated by true potato seed (TPS). The effect of inbreeding was established using selfed and sib-mated generations of five TPS families. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the level of inbreeding and different traits. Inbreeding depression was expressed mainly by pollen viability, as measured by its stainability (r=−0.912, Pr=−0.837, 0.01P<0.05).
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The ever increasing human population always needs more healthy and nutritious food, produced in environmentally sustainable ways. Marker-aided breeding significantly contributes towards this priority goal. Molecular markers are mainly... more
The ever increasing human population always needs more healthy and nutritious food, produced in environmentally sustainable ways. Marker-aided breeding significantly contributes towards this priority goal. Molecular markers are mainly identifiable DNA sequences present in the genome and follow the Mendelian inheritance. In present time, a broad range of molecular markers are available for various crops. Advances in crop genome sequencing, high resolution genetic mapping, and precise phenotyping largely help the discovery of functional alleles and allelic variation associated with traits of interest for plant breeding. This chapter provides a brief overview on DNA markers and their use in crop breeding with examples in rice (as the model for inbreeding species) and maize (as an out-crossing species). Molecular marker-aided breeding undoubtedly speeds the conventional breeding process and makes crop improvement more precise. Availability of physical maps, genomes sequences, and high-throughput technologies will also facilitate in developing new molecular breeding approaches in this twenty-first century.
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Communicated by PMA Tigerstedt Ali M. Golmirzaie International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado Postal 1558, Lima 100, Peru´ Rodomiro Ortiz ( ) Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK 1871 Frederiksberg C,... more
Communicated by PMA Tigerstedt Ali M. Golmirzaie International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado Postal 1558, Lima 100, Peru´ Rodomiro Ortiz ( ) Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark Fax:#45 3528 ...
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Complete F1 and F2 diallel crosses were used to investigate the inheritance of yellow rust resistance among eight bread wheat lines, developed by CIMMYT for the East African Highlands, which showed a wide response to this disease. Both... more
Complete F1 and F2 diallel crosses were used to investigate the inheritance of yellow rust resistance among eight bread wheat lines, developed by CIMMYT for the East African Highlands, which showed a wide response to this disease. Both diallel sets were grown at a site with a high incidence of yellow rust, although for one season, during which the F1 diallel was grown, disease incidence was unusually low. Analyses disclosed the presence of additive, dominance and epistatic effects among those genes controlling rust resistance, with the former being the most important. At normal disease levels, excluding two arrays having resistant common parents removed non-allelic interactions from the F1 diallels. For all F2 diallels, and the remaining F1 diallel, omitting two arrays based on susceptible parents removed these interactions. Local selection of material from a broadly based germplasm appears to be a feasible method of developing adapted cultivars resistant to endemic diseases.
Research Interests: Technology, Agronomy, Biology, Biological Sciences, Cultivar, and 3 moreEpistasis, Germplasm, and Bread Wheat
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... Pp. 485-507 in Plant Breeding in the 1990s (HT Stalker and JP Murphy, eds.). CAB International, UK. Persley, GJ and EA de Langhe (eds.). 1987. ... 1982. The PNG Biological Foundation at Laloki, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.... more
... Pp. 485-507 in Plant Breeding in the 1990s (HT Stalker and JP Murphy, eds.). CAB International, UK. Persley, GJ and EA de Langhe (eds.). 1987. ... 1982. The PNG Biological Foundation at Laloki, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. IBPGR/SEAN Newsl. 8 (4): 28-34. ...
Research Interests: Humanities, Biology, Germplasm, Morphological, Bananas, and 5 moreBiodiversité, Genomes, Cultivars, Musaceae, and Musa acuminata
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... Table 6. Cultivar effects (below each parent code), cultivar heterosis (VH, underlined in diagonal) and specific heterosis (above diagonal) for grain yield (gram per plot) of an 8 × 8 wheat diallel cross. Parents, (1), (2), (3), (4),... more
... Table 6. Cultivar effects (below each parent code), cultivar heterosis (VH, underlined in diagonal) and specific heterosis (above diagonal) for grain yield (gram per plot) of an 8 × 8 wheat diallel cross. Parents, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8). ... Khan, NU, MS Swati, G. Hassan, and B. ...
Research Interests: Agronomy, Plant Biology, Biology, Plant Breeding, Population, and 5 morePlant, Heterosis, Cultivar, Germplasm, and Grain Yield
Plantain hybrids and landraces, and banana cultivars (Musa spp. L.) were evaluated for three years in the plant and ratoon crops at three locations in the humid lowland forest (Mbalmayo and Onne) and derived savanna (Ibadan) agro-ecozones... more
Plantain hybrids and landraces, and banana cultivars (Musa spp. L.) were evaluated for three years in the plant and ratoon crops at three locations in the humid lowland forest (Mbalmayo and Onne) and derived savanna (Ibadan) agro-ecozones of sub-Saharan Africa. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models accounted for a significant percentage of the genotype × environment interaction (GE) affecting bunch weight (kg plant−1) and yield potential (t ha−1 a−1). Obino l'Ewai, a plantain landrace, showed little GE for bunch weight, whereas the exotic cooking banana cultivar Cardaba had the most stable yield potential as revealed by the biplots of the GE analysis (AMMI-2 biplots). Plantain hybrids achieved high yield potential due to their short growth cycle. The high yield potential of the cooking bananas was mainly the result of their fast sucker development.
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The plant genetic resources (PGR) regulatory frameworks that are relevant for research and breeding have become increasingly detailed and complex over the past few decades. This includes international agreements and conventions on 1) the... more
The plant genetic resources (PGR) regulatory frameworks that are relevant for research and breeding have become increasingly detailed and complex over the past few decades. This includes international agreements and conventions on 1) the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) of genetic resources, 2) national/regional biosafety legislation related to the technologies for managing and improving the genetic material, and 3) intellectual property (IP) systems including plant breeders' rights (PBR) and patents as well as competition law issues specific to the plant innovation sector.
This Research Topic addresses the leeway to operate with PGR from a multitude of perspectives. This includes the various policy and regulatory aspects that researchers and breeders have to relate to when accessing PGR, working on the PGR material in order to manage agriculturally relevant traits, and protecting the outcome of their investments. The following topics are therefore covered here:
General
- Opportunities and obstacles for plant researchers and breeders considering national and international PGR agreements and conventions
- “Open access” in a PGR context (concerning both ABS and IP)
- Is there a looming risk of a policy bottlenecks for crop genetic diversity?
- Governing options of digital sequence information, and synthetic biology
- The perspectives of various stakeholder groups in relation to the PGR frameworks
Access and Benefit-Sharing
- PGR from common heritage to national heritage
- Digital sequence information and/or synthetic biology in an ABS context
- Consequences of the Nagoya protocol for international research collaborations
- Impact of the Nagoya protocol and/or the International Treaty on PGR conservation and use
- Impact of the Nagoya protocol and/or the International Treaty on innovation
Biosafety
- The relevance of risk assessment in the context of old and new gene technologies in plant breeding and its impact on the seed chain
- Consequences of international disagreements on regulatory frameworks for breeding
- Definitions in the context of policies and regulatory frameworks for precision breeding
- Reassessment of the legal principles on biosafety in the light of the experience acquired in the last decades and the new challenges brought by the new breeding techniques
- Synthetic biology
Plant Innovation
- IP protection for plant innovations, and other potentially protective frameworks and competition law related aspects
- The emerging patent landscape associated with new breeding techniques, and its consequences
- Comparative analyses of the impact of patent versus plant breeders rights
- “Open source seed”
- “Essentially biological process” in the context of patent legislation
- “Essentially derived variety” in the context of emerging directed mutagenesis techniques
- Competition law issues related to market concentration in the seed sector
Interdisciplinary co-authors teams are highly encouraged, as well as cross-cutting manuscripts that interlink and integrate various regulatory aspects related to the governance of PGR. Manuscripts on the regulatory and policy aspects are welcome, as well as Reviews, and Original Research that is relevant in a PGR regulatory context. Creative and forward-looking proposed solutions to existing issues and problems are particularly encouraged.
This Research Topic addresses the leeway to operate with PGR from a multitude of perspectives. This includes the various policy and regulatory aspects that researchers and breeders have to relate to when accessing PGR, working on the PGR material in order to manage agriculturally relevant traits, and protecting the outcome of their investments. The following topics are therefore covered here:
General
- Opportunities and obstacles for plant researchers and breeders considering national and international PGR agreements and conventions
- “Open access” in a PGR context (concerning both ABS and IP)
- Is there a looming risk of a policy bottlenecks for crop genetic diversity?
- Governing options of digital sequence information, and synthetic biology
- The perspectives of various stakeholder groups in relation to the PGR frameworks
Access and Benefit-Sharing
- PGR from common heritage to national heritage
- Digital sequence information and/or synthetic biology in an ABS context
- Consequences of the Nagoya protocol for international research collaborations
- Impact of the Nagoya protocol and/or the International Treaty on PGR conservation and use
- Impact of the Nagoya protocol and/or the International Treaty on innovation
Biosafety
- The relevance of risk assessment in the context of old and new gene technologies in plant breeding and its impact on the seed chain
- Consequences of international disagreements on regulatory frameworks for breeding
- Definitions in the context of policies and regulatory frameworks for precision breeding
- Reassessment of the legal principles on biosafety in the light of the experience acquired in the last decades and the new challenges brought by the new breeding techniques
- Synthetic biology
Plant Innovation
- IP protection for plant innovations, and other potentially protective frameworks and competition law related aspects
- The emerging patent landscape associated with new breeding techniques, and its consequences
- Comparative analyses of the impact of patent versus plant breeders rights
- “Open source seed”
- “Essentially biological process” in the context of patent legislation
- “Essentially derived variety” in the context of emerging directed mutagenesis techniques
- Competition law issues related to market concentration in the seed sector
Interdisciplinary co-authors teams are highly encouraged, as well as cross-cutting manuscripts that interlink and integrate various regulatory aspects related to the governance of PGR. Manuscripts on the regulatory and policy aspects are welcome, as well as Reviews, and Original Research that is relevant in a PGR regulatory context. Creative and forward-looking proposed solutions to existing issues and problems are particularly encouraged.