- Department Of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan.
- +923453229724
Saleem Jaffar
South China Agriculture University, Entomology, Graduate Student
- i am self motivated and enthusiastic person as well as good entomologist persuasive to research way to overcome pest population in the crop field.edit
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is an economically significant pest of fruits and vegetables worldwide. The B. dorsalis has invaded over seventy countries, including China, and has caused massive losses to a part of the agricultural... more
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is an economically significant pest of fruits and vegetables worldwide. The B. dorsalis has invaded over seventy countries, including China, and has caused massive losses to a part
of the agricultural ecosystem. Fundamental data about B. dorsalis is a prime necessity for implication of integrated management. Two-sex life table traits are better procedure as compared to traditional life table
because two sex life table tools describe both male and female sexes. Demographic traits of the oriental fruit fly have been studied on natural and artificial diets via both traditional and two-sex life tables. However, this study describes the age-stage two-sex life table parameters of this frugivores fly on methyl eugenol (ME) based diet and laboratory made diet. Results showed that the larval duration of B. dorsalis was shorter on a methyl eugenol mixed diet, and the total fecundity of B. dorsalis was slightly higher on methyl eugenol diet as compared to control diet. Reproductive parameters including R0, GRR, r, and λ of B. dorsalis flies were highest on the methyl eugenol mixed diet in compared to the control diet. Mating pair success percentage was increased in B. dorsalis when reared on the ME-mixed diet in comparison to those deprived of the methyl eugenol diet. This study concluded that methyl eugenol is an accelerates for mating success and fitness of B. dorsalis reared in a laboratory condition. Our findings will be helpful for future work regarding methyl eugenol implication against the B. dorsalis and related sibling species.
of the agricultural ecosystem. Fundamental data about B. dorsalis is a prime necessity for implication of integrated management. Two-sex life table traits are better procedure as compared to traditional life table
because two sex life table tools describe both male and female sexes. Demographic traits of the oriental fruit fly have been studied on natural and artificial diets via both traditional and two-sex life tables. However, this study describes the age-stage two-sex life table parameters of this frugivores fly on methyl eugenol (ME) based diet and laboratory made diet. Results showed that the larval duration of B. dorsalis was shorter on a methyl eugenol mixed diet, and the total fecundity of B. dorsalis was slightly higher on methyl eugenol diet as compared to control diet. Reproductive parameters including R0, GRR, r, and λ of B. dorsalis flies were highest on the methyl eugenol mixed diet in compared to the control diet. Mating pair success percentage was increased in B. dorsalis when reared on the ME-mixed diet in comparison to those deprived of the methyl eugenol diet. This study concluded that methyl eugenol is an accelerates for mating success and fitness of B. dorsalis reared in a laboratory condition. Our findings will be helpful for future work regarding methyl eugenol implication against the B. dorsalis and related sibling species.
Research Interests:
Molecular studies on odorant receptors (ORs), odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and the functioning of the receptor and pheromone signal transduction in fruit fly Bactrocera species have expanded exponentially during the past few decades.... more
Molecular studies on odorant receptors (ORs), odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and the functioning of the receptor and pheromone signal transduction in fruit fly Bactrocera species have expanded exponentially during the past few decades. OBPs contribute to the sensing of the olfactory system (OS) via the transduction of odorants through the sensillum lymph. However, ORs, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors in Bactrocera and various other species, exhibit heightened responsiveness to multiple chemical odours such as hormones, sensory stimuli and neurotransmitters. The apparent mechanism involves a combinatorial code encompassing both peripheral and antennal lobe processing, facilitating the reception of sexual pheromones and environmental cues. The OS is specifically designed to recognize and process information from volatile chemical signals, and these chemical signals play an important function in various flies. Insects rely on these chemicals to navigate and comprehend their surroundings. A mature insect OS is composed of two pairs of sensillae-covered palps, antennae and two primary pairs of olfactory appendages on the anterior head. It has been shown that chemosensory gene families contribute in odour perception. These include various neuroreceptor families, such as OBPs, chemosensory proteins and sensory neuron membrane proteins. Additionally, there are three divergent chemoreceptors, namely ORs, ionotropic receptors and gustatory receptors. Methods based on systematic biology, molecular biology and bioinformatics tools have rapidly emerged to investigate the insect communication systems and provide new insights for the management of many agricultural pest. Several aromatic compounds, including semiochemicals and pheromones, have been employed to defend crops and animals from destructive fruit flies and other invasive and frugivorous species. To promote the expansion of the cropping system, the utilization of phytochemical lures can be convenient for sustainable agriculture production and enhance food security. Hence, this review examined the state of the art in chemical communication of insects with a focus on fruit fly pest species to identify OS and their semiochemical receptors, protein receptors and chemosensory receptors (CSRs), as well as their practical applications for biological control and integrated pest management are highlighted.
Research Interests: Chemical Communication, Odorant Receptor, Insects, Pest control, Bactrocera Dorsalis, and 2 moreOdorant Binding Proteins and Molecular biology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of infectious diseases. Molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance. Control programmes, vaccines and drugs discovery for tropical infectious diseases
The mountain bumblebees of the subgenus Alpigenobombus Skorikov, 1914, are uniquely distinctive because the females have enlarged mandibles with six large, evenly spaced teeth, which they use to bite holes in long-corolla flowers for... more
The mountain bumblebees of the subgenus Alpigenobombus Skorikov, 1914, are uniquely distinctive because the females have enlarged mandibles with six large, evenly spaced teeth, which they use to bite holes in long-corolla flowers for nectar robbing. Recognition of species in this subgenus has been uncertain, with names used in various combinations. To revise the species, we examined COIlike barcodes for evidence of species’ gene coalescents using MrBayes and PTP and we compare the coalescent groups with morphological variation for integrative assessment. While we seek to include only orthologous barcodes (the ‘good’) and exclude all of the more strongly divergent barcode-like numts (the ‘bad’), for some nominal taxa only low-divergence numts could be obtained (the ‘ugly’). For taxa with no orthologous sequences available, using a minimum number of the lowest divergence numts did yield coalescent candidates for species that were consistent with morphologically diagnosable groups. These results agree in recognising 11 species within this subgenus, supporting: (1) recognising the widespread European Bombus mastrucatus Gerstaecker, 1869 stat. rev. as a species separate from the west Asian B. wurflenii Radoszkowski, 1860 s. str.; (2) the recently recognised B. rainai Williams, 2022, as a species separate from B. kashmirensis Friese, 1909, within the western Himalaya; (3) the recognition once again of B. sikkimi Friese, 1918 stat. rev. and B. validus Friese, 1905 stat. rev. as species separate from B. nobilis Friese, 1905 s. str. within the eastern Himalaya and Hengduan regions; (4) confirming the recognition of B. angustus Chiu, 1948, B. breviceps Smith, 1852 s. lat., B. genalis Friese, 1918, and B. grahami (Frison, 1933) as separate species within the Himalaya, China, and Southeast Asia; (5) recognising the conspecificity of the nominal taxa (not species) channicus Gribodo, 1892 (Southeast Asia) and dentatus Handlirsch, 1888 (Himalaya) as parts of the species B. breviceps s. lat. (southern and eastern China); and (6) recognising the conspecificity of the rare taxon beresovskii (Skorikov, 1933) syn. n. as part of the species B. grahami within China. Nectar robbing by bumblebees is reviewed briefly and prospects for future research discussed.
Research Interests:
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Diptera: Tephritidae), commonly known as the oriental fruit fly, is a highly destructive pest that globally infests fruits and vegetables, resulting in significant annual economic losses. Initially... more
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) (Diptera: Tephritidae), commonly known as the oriental fruit fly, is a highly destructive pest that globally infests fruits and vegetables, resulting in significant annual economic losses. Initially detected in Taiwan Island, it has rapidly expanded its distribution range to various regions in mainland China since the 1980s, with a continuous northward spread. To mitigate the damage caused by this pest, extensive efforts have been undertaken to comprehend its ecological and physiological adaptations and develop management strategies. This review article provides an overview of the invasion history of B. dorsalis in China, its ecological and physiological mechanisms facilitating its invasion, and the progress made in understanding its major biological characteristics. Moreover, the key approaches for managing B. dorsalis that have been or are likely to be implemented in China are presented, including quarantine measures, monitoring procedures,
physical controls, biological controls, the sterile insect technique, RNA interference, and CRISPR-Cas9. Finally, some suggestions for future research directions are provided.
physical controls, biological controls, the sterile insect technique, RNA interference, and CRISPR-Cas9. Finally, some suggestions for future research directions are provided.
Research Interests: Horticulture, Pest Management, Biology, Invasion Ecology, Biological invasions, and 15 moreBiological Control, Integrated Pest Management, RNAi related, Plant Protection, IPM, Sterile Insect Technique, Insects, Vegetables, Integrated pest management "especialy determination of Economic decision levels", Fruit Science, The Future of Pest Management, Fruit Fly, Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Carambolae, Bactrocera Dorsalis, and CRISPR-Cas9 system
Over a long period of evolution, insects have developed unique intestinal defenses against invasion by foreign microorganisms, including physical defenses and immune responses. The physical defenses of the insect gut consist mainly of the... more
Over a long period of evolution, insects have developed unique intestinal defenses against invasion by foreign microorganisms, including physical defenses and immune responses. The physical defenses of the insect gut consist mainly of the peritrophic matrix (PM) and mucus layer, which are the first barriers to pathogens. Gut microbes also prevent the colonization of pathogens. Importantly, the immune-deficiency (Imd) pathways produce antimicrobial peptides to eliminate pathogens; mechanisms related to reactive oxygen species are another important pathway for insect intestinal immunity. The janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway is involved in intestinal immunity by producing bactericidal substances and regulating tissue repair. Melanization can produce many bactericidal active substances into the intestine; meanwhile, there are multiple responses in the intestine to fight against viral and parasitic infections. Furthermore, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are also indispensable in intestinal immunity. Only the coordinated combination of the intestinal immune defense system and intestinal tissue renewal can effectively defend against pathogenic microorganisms.
Research Interests:
The massive use of synthetic pesticides to manage agricultural pests results in environmental pollution and health hazards. The secondary plant metabolites, which are majorly dominated by terpenoids, have the potential to be developed... more
The massive use of synthetic pesticides to manage agricultural pests results in environmental pollution and health hazards. The secondary plant metabolites, which are majorly dominated by terpenoids, have the potential to be developed into novel alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the toxicity, oviposition deterrence, and repellent activities of six majorly dominated essential oil constituents against adults and immature stages of oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis. Our results highlight the potential of the selected essential oil constituents to be developed as a novel alternative to synthetic pesticides against B. dorsalis.
Research Interests:
Synthetic pesticides are extensively and injudiciously applied to control agriculture and household pests worldwide. Due to their high use, their toxic residues have enormously increased in the agroecosystem in the past several years.... more
Synthetic pesticides are extensively and injudiciously applied to control agriculture and household pests worldwide. Due to their high use, their toxic residues have enormously increased in the agroecosystem in the past several years. They have caused many severe threats to non-target organisms, including humans. Therefore, the complete removal of toxic compounds is gaining wide attention to protect the ecosystem and the diversity of living organisms. Several methods, such as physical, chemical and biological, are applied to degrade compounds, but as compared to other methods, biological methods are considered more efficient, fast, eco-friendly and less expensive. In particular, employing microbial species and their purified enzymes makes the degradation of toxic pollutants more accessible and converts them into non-toxic products by several metabolic pathways. The digestive tract of insects is usually known as a superior organ that provides a nutrient-rich environment to hundreds of microbial species that perform a pivotal role in various physiological and ecological functions. There is a direct relationship between pesticides and insect pests: pesticides reduce the growth of insect species and alter the phyla located in the gut microbiome. In comparison, the insect gut microbiota tries to degrade toxic compounds by changing their toxicity, increasing the production and regulation of a diverse range of enzymes. These enzymes breakdown into their derivatives, and microbial species utilize them as a sole source of carbon, sulfur and energy. The resistance of pesticides (carbamates, pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorines, and neonicotinoids) in insect species is developed by metabolic mechanisms, regulation of enzymes and the expression of various microbial detoxifying genes in insect guts. This review summarizes the toxic effects of agrochemicals on humans, animals, birds and beneficial arthropods. It explores the preferential role of insect gut microbial species in the degradation process and the resistance mechanism of several pesticides in insect species. Additionally, various metabolic pathways have been systematically discussed to better understand the degradation of xenobiotics by insect gut microbial species.
Research Interests:
The genus Xylota Meigen is revised from Pakistan and a key to the known species is presented for the first time. Xylota coquilletti Hervé-Bazin, 1914, and X. nursei Brunetti, 1923 are newly recorded for Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Of these,... more
The genus Xylota Meigen is revised from Pakistan and a key to the known species is presented for the first time. Xylota coquilletti Hervé-Bazin, 1914, and X. nursei Brunetti, 1923 are newly recorded for Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Of these, the former species is a new record for Pakistan. Brief taxonomic notes with diagnostic characters, digital photographs of dorsal and lateral habitus and the distribution map of both these two species are presented.
Research Interests:
Species are often presumed to be apparent in nature, but in practice they may be difficult to recognise, especially when viewed across continents rather than within a single site. Coalescent-based Poisson-tree-process (PTP) models applied... more
Species are often presumed to be apparent in nature, but in practice they may be difficult to recognise, especially when viewed across continents rather than within a single site. Coalescent-based Poisson-tree-process (PTP) models applied to fast-evolving genes promise one quantitative criterion for recognising species, complete with the estimates of uncertainty that are required of a scientific method. Such methods face challenges especially in discerning between widespread polytypic species and complexes of closely related, restricted-range species. In particular, ‘over-sampling’ of many closely related individuals within one species could risk causing groups of less closely-related individuals within other species appearing relatively more distinct and consequently could risk them being interpreted falsely as separate species. Some of the most persistent taxonomic problems among bumblebees (genus Bombus Latreille, 1802) are within the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880. For a global revision of Melanobombus species, we use COI barcodes and seek to reduce the risk from localised over-sampling by filtering the data to include only unique haplotypes. Unique haplotypes give more conservative results than unfiltered data, but still increase the number of species in comparison with recent morphological treatments. After integrative assessment of COI coalescents in comparison with morphological groups, the number of accepted species shows a non-linear increase with sample size that plateaus to an increase of 47% (to 25 species) compared with a previous estimate (of 17) based on morphology alone. For the most widespread and variable species-complexes, our revised species improve the match to the patterns expected of species, both for genetic divergence-with-distance and for sympatry, leading to three main inferences. (1) The particularly widespread polytypic Bombus sichelii Radoszkowski, 1859, is a single species. (2) We detect two candidates for species within previous broad concepts of each of the former B. lapidarius (Linnaeus, 1758), B. miniatus Bingham, 1897, and B. rufofasciatus Smith, 1852. Within B. lapidarius s. lat. we find insufficient evidence to corroborate the candidate species, with no coalescent or morphological support for a recent claim for a separate species, B. bisiculus Lecocq, Biella, Martinet & Rasmont, 2019 described from southern Italy, but rather we find a weak and uncorroborated coalescent for a different and much broader group of samples from across southeastern Europe but excluding Turkey. Within the former broad concepts of B. miniatus s. lat. and B. rufofasciatus s. lat. the coalescent evidence is stronger and subtle evidence from morphology corroborates recognising B. miniatus s. str. and B. eurythorax Wang, 1892 stat. rev. as separate species as well as B. rufofasciatus s. str. and B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880 stat. rev. as separate species. (3) Our coalescent and morphological results ‘split’ more clearly what has long been interpreted as a single polytypic B. keriensis Morawitz, 1887, s. lat., by supporting novel concepts of the restricted-range species: B. alagesianus Reinig, 1930 stat. rev., B. incertoides Vogt, 1911 stat. rev., B. keriensis s. str., B. qilianensis sp. nov., B. separandus Vogt, 1909 stat. rev., and B. tibeticus sp. nov. A lectotype is designated for the name B. keriensis and a neotype is designated for the name B. alagesianus. We estimate the phylogeny of Melanobombus species by including three slower-evolving genes to provide more evidence for deeper relationships, to estimate the time calibration of this phylogeny, and to estimate ancestral distributions, all within a Bayesian framework. We provide the first keys for identifying all of the species of Melanobombus.
Research Interests:
This study was conducted during 2017-18 to explore the genus Bombus Latreille, 1802 from the Himalayan region of Pakistan. As a result, we found 771 specimens of bumblebees, among them nine species viz. Bombus asiaticus Morawitz, 1875, B.... more
This study was conducted during 2017-18 to explore the genus Bombus Latreille, 1802 from the
Himalayan region of Pakistan. As a result, we found 771 specimens of bumblebees, among them nine
species viz. Bombus asiaticus Morawitz, 1875, B. lucorum subsp. jacobsoni Skorikov, 1912, B.
rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, B. tunicatus Smith, 1852, B. kashmirensis Friese, 1909, B. semenovianus
Skorikov, 1914, B. melanurus Lepeleitier, 1836, B. lepidus Skorikov, 1912 and B. ferganicus
Radoszkowski, 1893. Of these, B. semenovianus Skorikov, 1914, B. ferganicus Radoszkowski, 1893, B.
kashmirensis Friese, 1909 and B. lepidus Skorikov, 1912 are new records for Gilgit-Baltistan. Most of
the bumblebees were collected in altitudinal ranges of 6000ft-9000ft. Diagrams of each bumblebee cast
have been listed with distribution.
Himalayan region of Pakistan. As a result, we found 771 specimens of bumblebees, among them nine
species viz. Bombus asiaticus Morawitz, 1875, B. lucorum subsp. jacobsoni Skorikov, 1912, B.
rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, B. tunicatus Smith, 1852, B. kashmirensis Friese, 1909, B. semenovianus
Skorikov, 1914, B. melanurus Lepeleitier, 1836, B. lepidus Skorikov, 1912 and B. ferganicus
Radoszkowski, 1893. Of these, B. semenovianus Skorikov, 1914, B. ferganicus Radoszkowski, 1893, B.
kashmirensis Friese, 1909 and B. lepidus Skorikov, 1912 are new records for Gilgit-Baltistan. Most of
the bumblebees were collected in altitudinal ranges of 6000ft-9000ft. Diagrams of each bumblebee cast
have been listed with distribution.
Research Interests:
Survey was conducted in different localities of district Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan during the year of 20162017 to record species composition belonging to genus Bombus Latreille 1802. It was discovered that 11... more
Survey was conducted in different localities of district Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan during the year of 20162017 to record species composition belonging to genus Bombus Latreille 1802. It was discovered that 11 species distributed over 8 subgenera of the family Apidae under subfamily Apinae, tribe Bombini occurring in this region. The subgenera, Alpigenobombus, Bombus and Melanobombus were represented by two species namely Bombus breviceps Smith, Bombus kashmirensis Friese; Bombus lucorum subsp jocobsoni (Skorikov), Bombus s. str. tunicatus Smith; Bombus rufofasciatus Smith, Bombus semenovianus (Skorikov) respectively. While subgenera Orientalibombus, Psithyrus, Pyrobombus, Sibiricobombus and Subterraneobombus were represented by a single species each namely Bombus haemorrhoidalis Smith, Bombus ferganicus (Radoszkowski), Bombus lepidus Skorikov, Bombus asiaticus Morawitz and Bombus melanurus Lepeletier respectively in the survey area. Host plants for each species were also recorded from the studied areas. Key to the identification of female bumblebees subgenera and species have been constructed for district Skardu Baltistan.
Research Interests:
Field Studies were carried out for the effective management of Pea Leaf Miner (Phytomyza horticola Goureau) through synthetic insecticides CURACRON®, Belt ® and botanical extracts of Almond Extract, @3.00%, Walnut Extract @3.00 on... more
Field Studies were carried out for the effective management of Pea Leaf Miner (Phytomyza horticola Goureau) through synthetic insecticides CURACRON®, Belt ® and botanical extracts of Almond Extract, @3.00%, Walnut Extract @3.00 on seasonal plots of Pea plant at Baltistan region during 2015-16.The treatments were applied at their calculated doses, when 3-5 leaves per plant were emerged in the experimental plot. After application of treatments data were taken as by counting number of damaged leaves per plant from selected five pea plant in each plot. Data were noted as damaged leaves per plant after 1 st week, 2 nd week, 3 rd week, 4 th week and 5 th week respectively. Overall percent damage per plant by Pea Leaf Miner, showed that statistically all the treatments were non-significant to each other but significantly different from control plot. Seasonal mean percent damage was the highest (9.12%) in the check plot while lowest percent damage (2.83%) was recorded from the plot treated with CURACRON® followed by Belt ®, Almond Extract, @3.00% and Walnut Extract @3.00 (2.93, 4.26 and 4.32 %) respectively. Population trend in relation with temperature revealed that there was a positive significant correlation (p<0.005) was found between population and temperature as every increase or decrease in temperature, showed fluctuation in the population of leaf miner in Baltistan region.
Research Interests:
The Drosicha sp (mealy bug) is an invasive and polyphagus pest in Baltistan, Pakistan. This pest was recorded in 2005, as primary pest of willow tree (Salix wilhelmsiana). The secondary hosts of Drosicha sp was recorded in Skardu region... more
The Drosicha sp (mealy bug) is an invasive and polyphagus pest in Baltistan, Pakistan. This pest was recorded in 2005, as primary pest of willow tree (Salix wilhelmsiana). The secondary hosts of Drosicha sp was recorded in Skardu region are apricot, apple, cherry, and mulberry. Our study was designed to find out Integrated Pest Management strategies against the Drosicha mealy bug. The Gunny bag wrappings along with mud paste was showed best cultural practice to stop the crawlers as in June only 6.0± 0.92 mealy bug was recorded per plant as compared to control (12.000± 1.03). The dispersal behavior (altitude and water availability) mainly affects the infestation of mealy bug in Skardu region. The mealy bug infestation at Chumik was statistically found maximum as compared to Halqa two and Hassan colony. The Sumnius renardi was observed as a predator of mealy bug in the field. The population dynamics of mealy bug was showed positive correlation with temperature. The temperature greatly affects the population and reproduction of mealy bug in Skardu. The maximum percent mortality was caused by Movento® 240SC (Spirotetramat +Imidacloprid) 47.13% after 72 hours of application.
Research Interests:
Field studies were carried out for the control of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley) during July 2015-16, at new developmental farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan in RCBD arrangements with five treatments... more
Field studies were carried out for the control of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)
during July 2015-16, at new developmental farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan in
RCBD arrangements with five treatments i.e. Movento, Confidor, Actara, Tobacco and Neem extract. IR-
1524 variety of cotton was grown for investigating mealybug infestation as the population of mealybug
started proliferating we applied treatments. Results indicated that maximum mortalities was observed
after 72 hours of application Memento Energy 240 Sc caused highest mortality of 92.96% followed by
Confidor 200 O-Teq, Actara® 25WG, Tobacco Extract @ 2.00 % and Neem Extract @ 2.00 % 57.2%,
51.32% and 45.03% and 29.76 % respectively. Neem and Tobacco Extracts showed considerable
mortalities of cotton mealybug with edge of having environment friendly, and safe for natural enemies,
humans and other animals but low as compared to the synthetic insecticides which have ill effects on
environment and natural enemies.
during July 2015-16, at new developmental farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan in
RCBD arrangements with five treatments i.e. Movento, Confidor, Actara, Tobacco and Neem extract. IR-
1524 variety of cotton was grown for investigating mealybug infestation as the population of mealybug
started proliferating we applied treatments. Results indicated that maximum mortalities was observed
after 72 hours of application Memento Energy 240 Sc caused highest mortality of 92.96% followed by
Confidor 200 O-Teq, Actara® 25WG, Tobacco Extract @ 2.00 % and Neem Extract @ 2.00 % 57.2%,
51.32% and 45.03% and 29.76 % respectively. Neem and Tobacco Extracts showed considerable
mortalities of cotton mealybug with edge of having environment friendly, and safe for natural enemies,
humans and other animals but low as compared to the synthetic insecticides which have ill effects on
environment and natural enemies.
Research Interests:
Field Studies were carried out for the effective management of Pea Leaf Miner (Phytomyza horticola Goureau) through synthetic insecticides CURACRON®, Belt ® and botanical extracts of Almond Extract, @3.00%, Walnut Extract @3.00 on... more
Field Studies were carried out for the effective management of Pea Leaf Miner (Phytomyza horticola
Goureau) through synthetic insecticides CURACRON®, Belt ® and botanical extracts of Almond
Extract, @3.00%, Walnut Extract @3.00 on seasonal plots of Pea plant at Baltistan region during 2015-
16.The treatments were applied at their calculated doses, when 3-5 leaves per plant were emerged in the
experimental plot. After application of treatments data were taken as by counting number of damaged
leaves per plant from selected five pea plant in each plot. Data were noted as damaged leaves per plant
after 1st week, 2nd week, 3rd week, 4th week and 5th week respectively. Overall percent damage per plant
by Pea Leaf Miner, showed that statistically all the treatments were non-significant to each other but
significantly different from control plot. Seasonal mean percent damage was the highest (9.12%) in the
check plot while lowest percent damage (2.83%) was recorded from the plot treated with
CURACRON® followed by Belt ®, Almond Extract, @3.00% and Walnut Extract @3.00 (2.93, 4.26
and 4.32 %) respectively. Population trend in relation with temperature revealed that there was a
positive significant correlation (p<0.005) was found between population and temperature as every
increase or decrease in temperature, showed fluctuation in the population of leaf miner in Baltistan
region.
Goureau) through synthetic insecticides CURACRON®, Belt ® and botanical extracts of Almond
Extract, @3.00%, Walnut Extract @3.00 on seasonal plots of Pea plant at Baltistan region during 2015-
16.The treatments were applied at their calculated doses, when 3-5 leaves per plant were emerged in the
experimental plot. After application of treatments data were taken as by counting number of damaged
leaves per plant from selected five pea plant in each plot. Data were noted as damaged leaves per plant
after 1st week, 2nd week, 3rd week, 4th week and 5th week respectively. Overall percent damage per plant
by Pea Leaf Miner, showed that statistically all the treatments were non-significant to each other but
significantly different from control plot. Seasonal mean percent damage was the highest (9.12%) in the
check plot while lowest percent damage (2.83%) was recorded from the plot treated with
CURACRON® followed by Belt ®, Almond Extract, @3.00% and Walnut Extract @3.00 (2.93, 4.26
and 4.32 %) respectively. Population trend in relation with temperature revealed that there was a
positive significant correlation (p<0.005) was found between population and temperature as every
increase or decrease in temperature, showed fluctuation in the population of leaf miner in Baltistan
region.
Research Interests:
The present investigation was carried out at Skardu Baltistan region during summer 2015 to find out the efficacy of different synthetic chemical insecticides on Potato aphid (M. euphorbiae) and their inauspicious effects on Lacewing in... more
The present investigation was carried out at Skardu Baltistan region during summer 2015 to find out the
efficacy of different synthetic chemical insecticides on Potato aphid (M. euphorbiae) and their
inauspicious effects on Lacewing in potato field. The field investigation were carried out with seven
treatments with different level of Insecticide concentration, Movento ® (low) @ 80ml/100 lit water,
Movento ® (medium) @ 100/100 lit water, Movento ® (high) @ 120ml/100 lit water, Difenthuron
(low) @ 80ml/100ml lit water, Difenthuron (medium) @100ml/100 lit water, Difenthuron (high) @
120ml/100 lit water. Results showed that Movento ® (high) was more toxic against potato aphid
followed by Movento ® (medium) and Movento ® (low), respectively. While on other hand
Difenthuron was found most lethal for the lace wing population followed by Difenthuron (high),
Difenthuron (medium), and Difenthuron (low). The study recommends the use of Movento ®for the
safe and effective control of potato aphid (M. euphorbiae). Farmers should use Movento ® for the
control of Aphids (M. euphorbiae) in the field as it is the least toxic to lace wing population.
efficacy of different synthetic chemical insecticides on Potato aphid (M. euphorbiae) and their
inauspicious effects on Lacewing in potato field. The field investigation were carried out with seven
treatments with different level of Insecticide concentration, Movento ® (low) @ 80ml/100 lit water,
Movento ® (medium) @ 100/100 lit water, Movento ® (high) @ 120ml/100 lit water, Difenthuron
(low) @ 80ml/100ml lit water, Difenthuron (medium) @100ml/100 lit water, Difenthuron (high) @
120ml/100 lit water. Results showed that Movento ® (high) was more toxic against potato aphid
followed by Movento ® (medium) and Movento ® (low), respectively. While on other hand
Difenthuron was found most lethal for the lace wing population followed by Difenthuron (high),
Difenthuron (medium), and Difenthuron (low). The study recommends the use of Movento ®for the
safe and effective control of potato aphid (M. euphorbiae). Farmers should use Movento ® for the
control of Aphids (M. euphorbiae) in the field as it is the least toxic to lace wing population.
Research Interests:
I am Saleem Jaffar M.Sc(H)has done from The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan. Research on the title as Taxonomy and Distribution of Bumblebees of (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of District Skardu Gilgit Baltistan. i am expert of... more
I am Saleem Jaffar M.Sc(H)has done from The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan. Research on the title as Taxonomy and Distribution of Bumblebees of (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of District Skardu Gilgit Baltistan.
i am expert of Bumblebee Taxonomy as well as in IPM, Biological control of Insect pest.
http://www.entomoljournal.com/search/?q=saleem+jaffar+
i am expert of Bumblebee Taxonomy as well as in IPM, Biological control of Insect pest.
http://www.entomoljournal.com/search/?q=saleem+jaffar+