Kendra Albright

The publisher, together with the authors and editors, has taken great pains to ensure that all information presented in this work (programs, applications, amounts, dosages, etc.) reflects the standard of knowledge at the time of publication. Despite careful manuscript preparation and proof correction, errors can nevertheless occur. Authors, editors and publisher disclaim all responsibility and for any errors or omissions or liability for the results obtained from use of the information, or parts thereof, contained in this work.

This paper presents the results of a project that aimed at restructuring the delivery of research methods training at the Information School at the University of Sheffield, UK, based on an Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) approach. The purpose of this research was to implement inquiry-based learning that would allow customization of research methods when applied to individual and small group learning and address the challenges of teaching in a large, diverse classroom. Discussion triads, inquiry-based seminars, and a poster session were integrated with traditional teaching methods to facilitate the development of student dissertation proposals as the module outcome. This paper presents the context and rationale for the project, the nature of inquiry-based learning, the context and changes introduced in the course module, teaching techniques and the evaluation of the project and outlines the lessons learned through the project. These include: the need to address a perceived disjunction between self-directed inquiry based activities and the classical mode of lecture delivery, requiring reviewing student experiences from an information consumption frame to a knowledge discovery frame; this, in turn, requires the development of evaluation frames that are devolved to students and differ from 'customer feedback' approaches that tend to be adopted in centrally devised questionnaires at many Universities.

Tools and methodologies that support efficient and rapid financial decision making are limited. One responsibility of the Financial Management Service (FMS) of the US Department of the Treasury involves decision making associated with government travel. To aid FMS personnel, two prototypes are being developed utilizing a fourth generation language (i.e., FOCUS) and a knowledge-based tool (i.e., Level5). One system assists with travel formulation and preparation. A companion system performs audits and financial analysis on travel data. 13 refs., 1 fig.

The Office of the Director of the Budget is responsible for pricing Air Force programs. Throughout the year, budget analysts are required to prepare three cost exercises: The Program Objective Memorandum (POM), the Budget Estimate Submission (BES), and the President's Budget (PB). During budget planning and execution, analysts must make decisions regarding funding obligations and outlays. Analysis and modification of projected obligations and outlays require the use of operational and procedural heuristics. The problem-solving steps followed by analysts are being used to develop a prototype. Information regarding the prototype's structure and tool used for development is presented. 8 refs.

A system to capture US Air Force financial expertise is currently under development. To accomplish its mission of costing Air Force programs, the Director of the Budget utilizes the services of budget analysts. Analysts are required to prepare three cost exercises during the year: the Program Objective Memorandum (POM), the Budget Estimation Submission (BES), and the President's Budget (PB). Additionally, during budget calls and budget execution, analysts must make decisions regarding funding obligations and outlays. Analysis and modification of outlay projection plans require the use of operational and procedural heuristics. These problem-solving steps followed by analysts are being used to develop a prototype. Information regarding the prototype, the tool, and its capabilities are presented. Additional features of the program are described including integration with existing information management systems.

A knowledge-based system, ADP-Estimator, is under development to perform ADP project cost estimating. Designed to retain crucial expertise held by experienced project leaders, this system allows new project leaders to interactively generate cost estimates. Initially, project leaders indicate constraints (e.g. personnel levels, equipment, and facilities) placed upon a project. The system uses these to identify resources and procedures required for project completion. The efficacy of this system is compared with manual efforts and traditional software cost models.

Sub-Saharan Africa is the hardest hit region in the world where AIDS threatens to decimate entire populations. Although the region has 10% of the world's population, it accounts for 63% of people living with HIV/AIDS. Of the estimated 2.1 million AIDS-related deaths in 2006, 72% of them were in Africa (UNAIDS/WHO, 2006). Although the epidemic has stabilized in the region,

... socially excluded and information”. Annabel Haynes, from St George's High School in Collierville, Tennessee, next presented a case study of the ethical use of electronic information in a high school. Dick Kawooya, of the University ...

Artificial Intelligence, in particular expert systems methodologies, is being applied to the US Navy's automated data processing (ADP) project estimating tasks. Skilled Navy project leaders are nearing retirement and replacements may not possess the many years of experience required to make accurate estimating decisions of time, cost, equipment, and personnel needs. Knowledge acquisition has traditionally hindered the building of an

Existing project estimation software may adequately estimate programming costs associated with large software development projects. However, customizing these packages to reflect unique organizational requirements may be difficult. In addition, such systems may not offer justifications for indicated costs and personnel levels. A knowledge-based system, ADP-Estimator, is being developed to estimate project resources and costs. Such knowledge-based software can retain estimating

Artificial Intelligence, in particular expert systems methodologies, is being applied to the US Navy's Automated Data Processing estimating tasks. Skilled Navy project leaders are nearing retirement; replacements may not yet possess the many years of experience required to make accurate decisions regarding time, cost, equipment, and personnel needs. The potential departure of expertise resulted in the development of a system to capture organizational expertise. The prototype allows inexperienced project leaders to interactively generate cost estimates. 5 refs.

This paper contains abstracts from the conference on Expert Systems Technology in the ADP Environment. The four main topic areas of these papers are: artifical intelligence (AI) in information and software engineering; intelligent databases; AI for decision making; and intelligent human-machine interfaces. (LSP)

... Phrases were entered in single quotation marks where terms commonly appear together such as 'venture capital' and 'intellectual property' or proper names such ... For example, 'capitol' versus 'capital' was checked to see if the sys-tem could differentiate the conceptual meanings ...

... ISSN : 0307-4803 Incorporates: Asian Libraries. ... Although useful, they are not generalizable and cannot provide a clear picture of the extent of influence telecommunications has on ... These variables are coded for the year 1995 and can be seen in Figure 1. Economic change was ...

ABSTRACT How does information lead to changes in human behavior? Why have current information theories been inadequate to shed light on this and related questions? Library and Information Science (LIS) has arrived at a crucial juncture in its relatively brief theoretical history. In addition to the cognitive and physical perspectives in our study of information, a new paradigm has been suggested; the affective paradigm. This new perspective offers keys to unlocking questions about the nature of the interaction of human and information. In recent years we have developed deeper knowledge and deeper specializations, drawing together and combining knowledge from multiple fields in order to advance our own knowledge. The relationship between information needs and information seeking has been well studied. The ways in which people use information is not as well understood because of the complex nature of human behavior. Drawing from other fields that study human behavior, however, muddies the traditional boundaries of LIS, creating some possible discomfort as we trespass into lesser known intellectual territory. Pushing our boundaries also forces questions of our self-identity as a discipline. What constitutes Library and Information Science, either in whole or in part, becomes more difficult to define and can lead to greater fragmentation. Alternatively, the incorporation of multiple perspectives may be the defining core of what constitutes LIS. The focus of this talk is to look at LIS from the outside in, from a multidisciplinary perspective, in order to shed light on questions of how information can lead to changes in human behavior. Drawing from other fields of study, the impact of information on human behavior will be explored in light of what other fields may have to offer.

ABSTRACT Graphic novels are an increasingly popular format that educators can use as a tool to teach reading and writing skills across the K–12 curriculum. This article describes a project in which incarcerated youths collaborated with a graphic illustrator to create a graphic novel about teens dealing with issues related to HIV/AIDS. The graphic novel is currently being used as an HIV/AIDS education and prevention tool for teens. The article examines the impact that creating a graphic novel had on the literacy lives of the young authors, as well as the ways it is currently being used with teens in two states. The authors present qualitative data from their observations of and interviews with the students who created the graphic novel. Further, the article provides information on how educators can teach students to create their own comics and graphic novels.

The increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa over the past twenty-five years continues to erode the continent's health care and overall welfare. There have been various responses to the pandemic, led by Uganda, which has had the greatest success in combating the disease. Part of Uganda's success has been attributed to a formalized information, education, and communication (IEC) strategy, lowering estimated HIV/AIDS infection rates from 18.5% in 1995 to 4.1% in 2003. We formulate a model to investigate the effects of information and education campaigns on the HIV epidemic in Uganda. These campaigns affect people's behavior and can divide the susceptibles class into subclasses with different infectivity rates. Our model is a system of ordinary differential equations and we use data about the epidemics and the number of organizations involved in the campaigns to estimate the model parameters. We compare our model with three types of susceptibles to a standard SIR model.